IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Villagers living in the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand are primarily dependent upon subsistence farming. They follow the practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one's own use, without any surplus for trade. With the growing financial needs of the villagers, some portion of their produces is now readily available for marketing. While doing so a farmer gets easily entrapped into the web of the middleman, who provides him anticipatory loans in lieu of the agricultural produces grown by him and a promise to handover those produces at a much lower prices. Under this process farmers are totally debarred from getting a real fair price for their agricultural produces which otherwise they could have fetched in the absence of a middleman. This paper showcases ad......

Key Words: Traditional farming, Framer's Producer Organization, Middleman, Livelihood security.

[1]. Bienabe E, Sautier D, 2005,""The role of small scale producer‟s organizations in addressing market access‟‟, in Beyond Agriculture: Making MarketsWork for the Poor Eds F R Almond,SDHainsworth,http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/CropPostHarvest/CPHPIntro.pdf, pp 69-85.
[2]. Brown O, Sander C, 2007,""Supermarket buying power: global supply chains and smallholder farmers‟‟,Trade Knowledge Network, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg.
[3]. Barham J, Chitemi C, 2009,""Collective action initiatives to improve marketing performance: lessons from farmer groups inTanzania‟‟ Food Policy (34) 53-59.
[4]. Dolan C, Humphrey J, 2004,""Changing governance patterns in the trade in fresh vegetables between Africa and the United Kingdom‟‟ Environment and Planning A (36) 491-509.
[5]. Humphrey J, Memedovic O, 2006,""Global value chains in the agrifood sector‟‟, working paper, United Nations Industrial Development Organization,Vienna.

Abstract: Plant can act as an indicator of environmental pollution by changing its anatomical, biochemical and physiological features. This has been well recognized in the past. In our township, a case of study was undertaken to determine the extent of air pollution and its impact on some dominant local flora by studying their anatomical-biochemical features of leaves in a comparative manner. The total chlorophyll content, epidermal thickness, stomata length and breadth of the leaves were found to decrease while the leaf thickness, stomata frequency were found to increase in case of pollution stress plant with respect to control plant population of non polluted habitat. This indicates....

Key words: Air pollution; Suspended particulate matter-Sulphur dioxide-Nitrogen oxides

[1]. Thoma, M.d. Effect of air pollution on plants. In: Air pollution. World Health Organization Monography. Ser 46, Geneva.pp.233-278 (1961).
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Abstract: The study was conducted at twelve different samples of pasteurized coconut water termed as coconut water with preservative SB 100 mg (CW-1 and CW-8), with preservative SB 20 mg (CW-2 and CW-9) with preservative SB 50 mg (CW-3 and CW-10), with preservative CMC 20 mg (CW-4 and CW-11) and with preservative KMS 20 mg (CW-5 and CW-12) and non-pasteurized without preservative coconut water was termed as CW-7 were made and stored for 21 days at room and freezing temperature. Coconut water was analyzed for physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities. Result found that the moisture, ash, TSS, pH , acidity, Carbohydrate......

Key Words:Coconut Water, Preservatives, Storage Condition, microbial load, Ready to serve

[1]. Chathuri G, Sashie A, Senaviratne N. Preservation of tender coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) water by heat and UV-C treatments.International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition. 2003; 3(3):15-19.
[2]. Khan M, Nasiruddin MU, Rehman, Khurram KW. A Study of Chemical Composition of CocosnuciferaL. (Coconut) Water and its Usefulness as Rehydration Fluid.Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2003; 35(5):925-930.
[3]. Chowdhury MGF, Rahman MM, Tariqul Islam AFM, Islam MS. Processing and Preservation of Green Coconut Water. J Innov. Dev. Strategy. 2009; 3(1):1-5.
[4]. Murasaki-Aliberti N.C., Silva R.M.S., Gut, J.A.W. &Tadini, C.C. 2009. Thermal inactivation of polyphenoloxidaseand peroxidase in green coconut water.International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2009, 44, 2662–2668.

Abstract: According to review article, A review of Aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it, by Behrooz Hashemi-Domeneh et al, the use of pesticides has been increasing in recent years and has increased the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Metal phosphides make a large proportion of the pesticides that are being used currently. The compounds of phosphides among pesticides are mainly those of Aluminium, magnesium and calcium. The reason behind the popularity lies in the fact that they are potent, cheap and have no undesirable effects on the agricultural products.[1]AlP has been used as pesticide since 1940s and the incidence of poisoning. According to review article, Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning : A challenge for the Physician, phosphine is rapidly absorbed from stomach or lungs by simple diffusion, oxidized slowly and excreted in urine as hypophosphie and also exchanged.....

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Abstract: The aim of the present work is to investigate the efficiency of the cationic dyes removal onto defatted Carica papaya seeds (DCPS). Batch mode experiments were performed for determining optimal parameters of dyes removal on the defatted seeds. The surface charge distribution of DCPS was determined and the point zero charge was found to be 6.4.The contact time for maximal adsorption capacities are found to be 180 mn for methylene blue (MB) and 150 mn for basic fuschin (BF). The removal capacities of both dyes increased rapidly from 93.23%to 97.21% for MB and 88.34% to 95.08 % when the pH varies between2and 3.The, it remains stable when varying the pH from 3 to 11. Dye concentrations (10 to 100 mg / L)do not influence the elimination capacities. The dye amounts adsorbed.....

Keywords: Dye,Isotherm, Kinetic, Carica, Adsorbent

[1]. T.-H.Kim, C.Park, S.Kim, Water recycling from desalination and purification process of reactive dye manufacturing industry by combined membrane filtration. J. Cleaner Prod. 13(8), 2005, 779–786.
[2]. A.N.Babu, D.S. Reddy, P.Sharma, G.S.Kumar, K. Ravindhranath G.V.K.Mohan, Removal of Hazardous Indigo Carmine Dye from Waste Water Using Treated Red Mud. Mater. Today: Proc., 17, 2019,198–208.
[3]. R. Khan, V. Patel, Z. Khan, Bioremediation of dyes from textile and dye manufacturing industry effluent.In: Singh, P. Kumar, A. Borthakur, A. eds. Abatement of Environmental Pollutants. Elsevier, 2020,107–125.
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[5]. V. Katheresan, J. Kansedo, S.Y. Lau, Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6(4), 2018, 4676–4697..

Abstract: A Nigerian traditional corn-based snack, Kokoro was produced by the traditional hand rolling method and with the use of a manual extruder. Samples from the market were designated as Control. The chemical composition of the samples was determined using standard laboratory procedures. Sorption isotherms were determined using static gravimetric method at different water activities (aw) (0.22 - 0.85) and temperatures (20 – 40oC). Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and means were separated with Duncan's multiple range test. Ash, moisture, fat, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), calcium, zinc, iron, phosphorus and potassium contents for traditional hand rolled and manual extruded Kokoro samples ranged from 1.56-1.76%, 1.46 to 4.46%, 31.25-34.97%, 0.33 to 0.45% 68.92 to 71.02 mg/100g, 1.76 to 1.94 mg/100g, 4.89 to 6.11 mg/100g, 218.5 to 233.5 mg/100g and 288.0 to 317.0 mg/100g, respectively. The high fat content predisposes the Kokoro samples to rancidity. Peleg, Oswin and GAB sorption models gave the highest R2 values (R2>0.991), lowest % Error (%E) and Root Mean.....

Keywords: Kokoro, Extrusion, Traditional snack, Food storage

[1]. Uzor-Peters P. I., Arisa, N. U., Lawrence, C. O., Osondu N. S. and. Adelaja A. 2008. Effect of partially defatted soybeans or groundnut cake flours on proximate and sensory characteristics of Kokoro. African Journal of Food Science 2: 098-101.
[2]. Otunola, E.T., Sunny-Roberts, E. O., Adejuyitan, J.A. and Famakinwa, A.O. 2012. Effects of addition of partially defatted groundnut paste on some Properties of "Kokoro' (a popular snack made from maize paste). Journal of America Nutrition 3(7): 280-286.
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Abstract: Water is a key factor of social and economic development, and therefore requires adequate policies for its sustainable use. Rapid industrialization, urbanization and agricultural advancements have led to contamination of precious resources with various contaminants such as heavy metals, which could pose several health problems in human beings. Anthropogenic activities are most likely to alter the natural composition of waters.Long-term exposure to heavy metals, even at low concentration, via different routes such as dermal and oral exposure of water may be detrimental to human health. Two pollution index assessment methods: Single-factor pollution index (Pi) and Nemerow' multi-factor Pollution Index (NPI) was employed to estimate the level of heavy metal pollution in the Yangtze river in Zhenjiang city. Dissolved and total metal pollution were analyzed, and the possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks posed to a child and adult exposure. The results indicated that the....

Keywords: Heavy metal, Water quality, Risk assessment, Hazard index, Single pollution Index, Nemerow multi pollution index

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Abstract: Background: This study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and perceptions of 100 cocoa farmerson issuesof mycotoxin contamination and their managementalong the cocoa value chain in South-West
Nigeria. Materials and methods: Quantitative data were collected from 100 cocoa farming families through the use of questionnaires which were subjected to statisticalanalysis using the SPSS softwareprogramme.
Result: The result showed that the majority of the participants (59%) were between the ages 35 and40 years. Thedata revealed that 13% of the farmers had no formal education. Ninety-five percent (95%) of farmers dry
cocoa beans on concrete floors through sun drying.Over 70% of the respondents had never heard about mycotoxins. Educationallevel, length of fermentation and drying of cocoa had a significant influence on
mycotoxin contamination.......

Keywords: Cocoa, mycotoxin awareness, food safety, sensitization

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