IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Home Video Films and Grassroots' Relevance in Nigerian Political Process
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Alawode, Sunday Olayinka (Ph.D), Sunday, Uduakobong
	:	10.9790/0837-191100108

Abstract: The Nigerian home video films have been used to address a myriad of existing and emergent problems because of its distinctiveness and popularity;as a popular art in Nigeria, this study was undertaken to investigate the consideration of the grassroots in the Nigerian political process from the eye of the home videos. The theoretical framework employed was agenda setting with content analysis as the method of research. The results reveal that the grassroots are not given credence as a key factor in the films except as means to justify the ends of the political class and players in the political process. The roles of the grassroots in the political arena are mostly depicted significantly as thugs, assassins, villains, prostitutes and others who are involved in different kinds of undesirable practices and vicious acts. Such portrayals could be contributory to politics often being described as 'a dirty game' with the grassroots increasingly having apathy to political processes and creating the divide of 'them' and 'us'; where 'them'is the political class and 'us' being the grassroots.

Key Words: Grassroots, Home Video, Political Process

[1] Akinreron, Dapo (2012), "Grassroots development panacea to good governance‟ www.vaguardngr.com/2012/grassroots_developmen_panacea_good_governance_akande
[2] Alawode, S. O and Sunday, Uduakobong (2013), "Home Video as Nigerian Image Maker‟ European Scientific Journal April 2013 edition vol.9, No.11

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Organisation Network in Reducing Poverty at Kendari City
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Joko Tri Brata
	:	10.9790/0837-191100914

Abstract: Poverty is a problem for all nations and countries. The general problems of poverty are caused by the lack of coordination between programs and indication of the inter-agency sectoral ego, so sometimes provoke confusion until frictions among the stakeholders in the region. The purpose of this study was to clarify the application of the network model in poverty alleviation in Kendari city.This study uses a qualitative method that is expalanative in order to understand the concept of organization network in reducting poverty which have dimension of specialization, innovation, speed, flexibility, and range improvemnt regarding to optimalization of poverty reduction in Kendari City. The research results showed that the concept of the network which is modeled in poverty reduction is by the hierarchy model and by the actor of TKPKD incorporated in a framework of "Setting Institutional". The network of reducing poverty in Kendari City was not successed caused by the available of conventional network pattern and also the network members not funtion optimally. By using qualitative approaches, the relationship between actors in the network and among stakeholders for the success of poverty alleviation were founded. The concept of poverty alleviation is not more relevant approached by using economic approach but should be approached through a new approach, namely network approach to the prosperity. This approach involves the optimalization of using resources in each organization unit that is collaborated in one rule to find out the prosperity.
Keywords: organization network, Reduction of Poverty.

[1] Alwi..dan La Tamba. 2011. Wicked Problem dan Pendekatan jaringan Dalam pengentasan Kemskinan di Indonesdai. Makalah yang disajikan dalam Seminar Nasional " Penguatan Administrasi Publik / Negara Untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat ; Tinjauan kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik, Makassar 7 sampai 8 Juli 2011.
[2] Aquaaah Moses, 2006, The Impact Of Managerial Networking Realitionship on Oragnizational Performance in Sub Saharan Africa ; Evidence From Ghana. Organization Management Journal Vol. 3, No. Eastern Academy of Management University of North Carolina at Greensboro
[3] Barnard, Chester I. Function Of The Executif. Cambridge. Mass. Harvarad Univ Press, 1938.
[4] CESS, 2003, Program Antikemiskinan di Indonesia, Pemetaan Informasi dan Kegiatan. Center for Economics and Social Studies, Jakarta:
[5] Coco Malcolm, dkk. 2012. Organizational Social Networking Policy Restriction, International Jiurnal Of Business and Public Administration, Volume 9 Number 1, Gundar Kaupins Boise State University, Winter 2012.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Serving the Cities: An Indian Scenario
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Purobi Sharma
	:	10.9790/0837-191101522

Abstract: Urbanization process has its impacts leading to many issues. Provision for services is the most important response to these issues. It determines the quality of life in the cities. It is a major component of urban policies. At present the challenges of creating urban infrastructure have been recognized as: providing services in mega cities which are major centers of economic activities; infrastructure in small and medium towns; role of government versus private agencies; the question of financing; growth of inclusive cities and sustainability in providing urban infrastructure and above all the application of technical knowledge and expertise in determination of level of needs and implementation of policies. In developing countries the rate of urbanization is much higher than the urban preparedness. The study of urban picture in India is the narration of these issues. The present paper makes a modest attempt to depict it.
Key words: Urban development; strategy; finance; norms; politicization.

[1]. Compiled from the census reports of the respective years.
[2]. Eighth Five Year Plan documents (1992-93), Chapter-13, p. 348.
[3]. J.K. Gupta, ‗Urban Infrastructure Development Need for Innovation Approaches', National T. & C.P. Congress, Bhubaneshwar, December 29-31, 1998.
[4]. N.I.U.A., ‗Planning and Management of Urban Services', New Delhi, 1991, p. 49.
[5]. ibid p; 110.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The History of Gender Inequalities and the History of Female Struggle against Male Subjugation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Saptorshi Das || Dr. (Prof) Arindam Modak
	:	10.9790/0837-191102330

Abstract: What is feminism? Is it an outburst or outcry against male-perpetrated atrocities on women? Or is it just the right of a woman to live as she wants to live, by her own ethics and values, as far as she causes no harm, physical or emotional, to anybody? Or is feminism just a chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies that define, establish and defend equal political, economic and social rights for women? Where do the roots of the struggles for women's liberation lie? Who are the ones who are globally known for their fight against the injustice women are subjected to? This paper traces the roots of gender bias and throws light on the role and status of women down the ages all over the world. At the same time, it also brings to limelight independent women who have always existed in society and who never believed in gender inequality – Sappho, Christine de Pera, Aphra Behn, Olympe de Gorges, Mary Wollstonecraft, Sojourner Truth, to name a few. Marx and Engels viewed the liberation sought by these women and others as part of the socialist revolution. From BC to AD, the strife for equality continues. But there is still a long way to go, as this paper highlights, before society can claim itself unbiased towards the genders, and women can live a tranquil existence.
Keywords: feminism, women, gender, bias, liberation.

[1]. Bhaskar A Shukla. Women On Women: A Feminist Study. Saroop & Sons, 2006
[2]. Perry, Marvin. Western Civilisation, Brief Voume II, 10th Edition. Cengage Learning
[3]. Marks, Karl and Engels F. The Communist Manifesto. New York. 1948
[4]. Martens, Lorna. The Promised Land?: Feminist Writing in the German Democratic Republic. SUNY Press, 2001.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Need and Importance of On-Demand E-Learning for Customized Management Skills Enhancement
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Geetha K. Joshi || Venkata Subrahmanyam C. V. || Dr. Sandhya Anvekar
	:	10.9790/0837-191103138

Abstract: The world today is a complex one with issues and concerns emerging that were absent even a generation ago. In present days, our societies are slowly becoming knowledge-centric and pushing people to learn more things in order for their Day-To-Day survival. In line with the societies' trend, now, majority of the organizations are completely becoming knowledge driven and hence, the success of any organization is highly dependent on how it trains, motivates and creates an environment which is conducive for learning, for their workforce in all levels, irrespective of their position in the corporate ladder.
Key Words: On-Demand E-Learning; E-Learning; Customized Management Education; Management Skills Enhancement; Need for On-Demand Learning; Importance Of On-Demand Learning.

[1]. Venkata Subrahmanyam C. V., Dr. K. Ravichandran: "Technology & Online Distance Mode of Learning". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 Volume 2 Issue 1 January-2013PP 05-13.
[2]. Daniel L. Schacter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner (2009, 2011). Psychology, 2nd edition. Worth Publishers. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-4292-3719-2.
[3]. Jump up ^ Jungle Gyms: The Evolution of Animal Play.
[4]. "Think "Exciting": E-Learning and the Big "E"" Retrieved, 7 December 2012.
[5]. Jump up ^ Eric Parks. "What's the "e" in e-Learning?" Askinternational.com. Retrieved 2013-10-22.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Rural Economy and Self Dependent Village in Maratha Period
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Littan Sarkar
	:	10.9790/0837-191103942

Abstract: The paper tries to bring a relationship between the effects of Marathas in economic reforms towards rural economy and self dependent villages in our country. As we all are well aware of the gains that our country has experienced from the globalization, liberalization and privatization policies adopted by our planners. But our farming community and a majority of our rural population do not gate a single pie from those measures. This paper tries to bring about the harsh realities of our growth story in the Maratha period (1674-1761) .in this paper suitable remedial measures have been suggested and most importantly the trickle down of benefits of Maratha rural economic reforms on our agricultural and rural sectors has been elaborately deal with.
Key ward; Rural , Depends , Community , Reforms ,Growth.

[1]. Sardesai G.S.(ed) peshwe dafter,vol VI ,P - 746
[2]. Joshi P.M (ed) Selection from the peshwe dafter,vol 17, p - 84.
[3]. Rajwade V.K. (ed),Marathyanchya Itihasachi sadhane,vol VI,p - 72
[4]. Elphinstone, Report on the territories Conquered from the Peshwe submitted to the supremeGovt. of British India. P – 19-20.
[5]. Raichaudhari Tapan and Habib Irfan (ed). Cambridge Economic History, vol I, p - 471.1984.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Poor Attitude to Reading for Pleasure and Its Implications on Acquisition of Language Skills and Academic Achievements: The Case of Students of Secondary Schools in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	R. C. Ihejirika
	:	10.9790/0837-191104346

Abstract: The place of reading in the overall intellectual development of man can never be faulted. This is why linguistic scholars have always advocated reading, especially reading for pleasure, in the target language as one of the surest ways of attaining a high level of competence in language skills and excelling in academic achievement. It is based on this background that this paper takes an incisive look at the poor attitude to reading for pleasure as noticed among secondary school students and points out the implications, which among other things include poor communicative competence, poor reading comprehension, lack of creative power, parochial knowledge and poor academic achievement. The paper finally spells out some specific recommendations, which aim at encouraging the students to develop interest in reading for pleasure.

[1]. Ahmad, S.B. (1997). Recreational reading. In Helen Chukwuma and Emeka Otagburuagu (eds). English for Academic Purposes. Onitsha: Africana – Fep Publishers Ltd.
[2]. Alo, M.A. (1997). Reading and vocabulary development. In Helen Chukwuma and Emeka Otagburuagu (eds). English for Academic Purposes. Onitsha: Africana – Fep Publishers Ltd.
[3]. Bright, J.A. and G.O. McGregor (1970). Teaching English as a second language. London: Longman Group Ltd.
[4]. Emetaram, U.G. (1991). Functional reading: The information bank for quality education in Nigeria, Literacy and Reading in Nigeria, vol. 5, PP. 229-234.
[5]. Fagbemi, O. (1997). Literacy, the reading culture and national development: Lessons for Nigeria, Literacy and Reading in Nigeria, vol. 7, p. 65.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Analysis of Agriculture Sector in Indian Economy
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Himani
	:	10.9790/0837-191104754

Abstract: Agriculture sector also known as primary sector is essential for economic growth in any economy including India. It has emerged as the essential-growing sector in the global economy since independence. This sector contributing 13.7 per cent of GDP. In employment providing, this sector is occupying first place. Its respectable share in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows as well as in total exports makes it the engine of economic growth. Keeping in above backdrop, the present study makes an analysis of agriculture sector in Indian economy. The study confirms that agriculture sector has achieved tremendous growth over the year in Indian economy. Besides, their contributions in GDP, employment and exports are also rising considerably. To maintain and accelerate the growth & contributions of this sector & to develop it as a true engine of economic growth, there is logic & rationale of complementary investments in physical infrastructure as well as in human capital.

[1]. FICCI Economic Outlook Survey January 2011
[2]. Sen Gupta Saugar, 2004 .Planters Punch. The Pioneer, January 4, 2004, New Delhi.
[3]. Suresh A. and Pooran Chand, 2004 .Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights., Kurukshetra, Vol. 52, No. 4, April 2004, New Delhi.
[4]. GOI (2008-09), Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture, (http://agricoop.nic.in/)
[5]. CSO (2007), "National Accounts Statistics 2007 and back issues", Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Causes, Symptoms and Characters' Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vinu J. R.
	:	10.9790/0837-191105560

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of many labels for one of the most prevalent condition in child psychiatry and undoubtedly the most controversial. ADHD is conservatively estimated to occur in 3-7.50 %of school age children, but more permissive criteria yield estimates of up to 17% and up to 20 %of boys in some school system receive psycho stimulants for the treatment of ADHD. Despite the absence of controlled studies in preschool age children and concern about potential long term advice effects, stimulant medications are increasingly being administrated to children as young as two years of age. The initial phase of research in to ADHD has been descriptive by design, but it has also been driven by adult based model from psychiatry, psychology and neuroscience.

[1]. http://www.helpguide.org/mental/adhd_add_signs_symptoms.htm
[2]. http://www.natuer.com/reviews/neuro
[3]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
[4]. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/pubs.html
[5]. http://www.ub.unimaas.nl/ucm/e-readers/SS229/whalen.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Eco-critical aspects in the writings of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye and Alice Walker's The Color People fictions
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. Vidhyarathi
	:	10.9790/0837-191106162

Abstract: Black women writers like Toni Morrison and Alice Walker focus the sufferings of black women through their black female characters in their fictions. The black women novelists Toni Morrison and Alice Walker have discussed the spatial inequalities faced by black women in their works The Bluest Eye (1970) and The Color Purple (1982) respectively. The sufferings of black women are categorized as sexual violation, racial conflicts, verbal abuse, and psychological harassment and so on.

[1]. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Random House, 1970. Print.
[2]. Walker, Alice.The Color Purple. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.Print.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Development Strategy of Markisa Agroindustry in Increase Gowa Society Income at South Sulawesi
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Aminuddin
	:	10.9790/0837-191106368

Abstract: The aim of this research are (1) to know the horticulture of markisa as the best product in Gowa regency and its contribution towards PDRB, (2) to know the component of transactional cost existing in the interaction of markisa agro industry and design the strategy in developing the passion fruit agro industry in Gowa regency. The obtained data are analyzed by using the area analysis, base analysis and transactional cost analysis. The results showed that (1) the horticulture of passion fruit in Gowa regency has potency to be the superior product; (2) the contribution of markisa agroindustry in Gowa regency towards the receiving of PDRB was low. (3) the component of transactional cost in the activity of passion fruit agro industry were transactional cost and contract agreement; (4) strategy in developing the markisa agro industry in Gowa regency conducted in two ways (a) the improvement of road facility and infrastructure and controlling relating with trade traffic due to main component constructing the interaction of passion fruit agro industry was interactions cost (b) the giving of production facility aiming to minimize the appearance of transaction cost relating with the contract enforcement namely war material quality based on the industrial need (c) to bureaucracy the accessibility in giving the business credit (d) institutional synergy to enforce the cooperation between top and down line.
Keywords: Agroindfustry, Transaction Cost, Institutional Synergies.

[1] Saragih, Bungaran, 1992, Agroindustri Sebagai Sektor Terdepan yang Memimpin Dalam PJP II, dalam Dinamika Pemikiran tentang Pembangunan Pertaniann Perhepi, Jakarta
[2] Nasir. 1989. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Erlangga.
[3] Abdul Wahab, 1997 Analisis Kebijakan: Dari Formulasi ke Imflementasi Kebijakan Negara. Jakarta Bumi Aksara
[4] Ahmad, Abbas. 2007. Pengembangan Agroindustri Unggulan Daerah di Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur, (Online), (http://www.smecda.com, diakses tanggal 19 Februari 2012)
[5] Aaker, David A. 1995. Developing Business Strategies, Fourth Edition, Canada : John Wiley & Sons, dimodifikasi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effective Leadership for Good Governance in Nigeria; Addressing the Interface
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Anyadike, Nkechi O. || Emeh, Ikechukwu E. J.
	:	10.9790/0837-191106974

Abstract: This paper studies the prospects of effective leadership in ensuring good governance in Nigeria. This is in recognition of the role of the concept of "effectiveness" in engendering productivity in a given polity. The underscoring of the effectivity of leadership on good governance is hinged on the highly professed problem of Nigeria by renowned scholars and political juggernauts, however, with the intent of exploring the missing link in achieving good governance through effective leadership.

[1]. Dickson Charles (2011) Good Governance in Nigeria: The Tuwo and Soup Metaphor- http://saharareporters.com
[2]. Farm House Dialogue (2000) Leadership for Good Governance in Nigeria. Dialogue 33 by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, for the Africa Leadership Forum.
[3]. Hoyle, John R. (1995) Leadership and Futuring: Making Visions Happen. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc., 1995.
[4]. Jago, A. G. (1982). Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management Science, 28(3), 315-336.
[5]. Kouzes, James M. & Posner, Barry Z. (1987). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Socioeconomic Factors Hindering the Participation of Women in Managing Water Resources in Kajiado County, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Teresia W. Gathagu || Jones F. Agwata || Richard M. Mulwa
	:	10.9790/0837-191107585

Abstract: The important role women play in water resources management has been recognized for a long time globally and in most societies, they are the ones primarily responsible for the management of household water supply and sanitation. In these societies, women also play the role of family care givers in terms of provision of food, nutrition, clean water and sanitation. Due to these roles, they depend directly on the availability of water resources and have therefore accumulated considerable knowledge on water in terms of location, quality and storage methods. Despite the significant roles that women play in water resources management, they face various challenges that hinder them from effectively participating in its management in various parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the various socioeconomic factors inhibiting the participation of women in managing water in three Divisions of Kajiado County in Kenya. Semi structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and direct observations were used to collect data. The key factors found to affect the participation of women in water resources management were cultural practices, gender inequalities, lack of formal education, poor access to water sources and lack of decision making power and land ownership rights. It is recommended that concerted efforts be made to educate the local community, improve access to water sources through construction of multipurpose water projects and gender mainstreaming in water resources management in the County.
Key words: socioeconomic factors, water resources, participation, women.

[1]. Agarwal, B. 1998. The Gender and Environment Debate, in Keil, R. et al (ed), Political ecology: global and local. Routledge, London
[2]. Angula, M. 2010. Gender and Climate Change: Namibia Case Study. http/www/fanrpan.org/documents/doo923 accessed on 20th April, 2011.
[3]. Biswas, A. K. 2004. Integrated Water Resources Management: A Re-assessment. Water International, Vol. 29, No.2, 248-256.
[4]. Cech, T. V. 2009. Principles of Water Resources: History, Development, Management, and Policy. Wiley Publishers, New York. P 138
[5]. Denton, T. 2000. Climate Change; Learning from Gender Analysis and Women‟s Experiences of Organizing for Sustainable Development. Gender and development Journal Vol. 2:10-20.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Narcolepsy among Adults: A Descriptive Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nabat Arfi & Dr. Shalini Agarwal
	:	10.9790/0837-191108691

Abstract: Narcolepsy is a chronic disorder of impaired expression of wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, reported more in adults as they have less sleeping hours because of busy work schedules whether in office or at home. There are studies indicating narcolepsy among old people as they suffer from different diseases due to their age but studies showing narcoleptic adults are lacking. The purpose of present study is to know about this under-recognized disease during adulthood. Pathophysiological studies have shown that the disease is caused by the early loss of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce hypocretin, a wakefulness-associated neurotransmitter present in cerebrospinal fluid. Only cataplexy exhibits a high specificity for diagnosis of narcolepsy. While the natural history is poorly defined, narcolepsy appears to be lifelong but not progressive. Mild disease severity, misdiagnoses or long delays in cataplexy expression often cause long intervals between symptom onset, presentation and diagnosis. Only 15-30% of narcoleptic individuals are ever diagnosed or treated, and nearly half first present for diagnosis after the age of 40 years.Treatment includes counselling as to the chronic nature of narcolepsy, the potential for developing further symptoms reflective of REM sleep dyscontrol, and the hazards associated with driving and operating machinery. Nonpharmacological management also includes maintenance of a strict wake-sleep schedule, good sleep hygiene, the benefits of afternoon naps and a programme of regular exercise. Thereafter, treatment is highly individualised, depending on the severity of daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and sleep disruption.It is important that general practitioners and other primary health-care workers identify abnormal daytime sleepiness early.
Keyword: sleeping disorder, cataplexy, narcolepsy, non-pharmacological therapy.

[1]. Narcolepsy, http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/narcolepsy/detail_narcolepsy.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-05. Accessed on September 2012.
[2]. Narcolepsy, Adam.about.com. http://adam.about.com/reports/Narcolepsy.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-25. Accessed on September 2012.
[3]. Narcolepsy, http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/narcolepsy/detail_narcolepsy.htm. Accessed on September 2012.
[4]. Sleep disorder, http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/narcolepsy. Accessed on October 2012
[5]. Treatments of Narcolepsy, http://www.helpguide.org/life/narcolepsy_symptom_causes_treatments.htm. Accessed on October 2012.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Designing an English for Specific Course for Teachers Training College Students
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Melda Munthe || Hilman Pardede
	:	10.9790/0837-191109297

Abstract: This paper attempted by measuring and designing the course of English for Specific Purposes especially for the teachers training college students. English for Specific Purposes surveys the development and classification of ESP areas, The basic principles and techniques in ESP design were covering the Syllabus, Materials and Methodology of assessment. ESP depends to the learners needs. ESP can be classified into the two parts, Such as: EAP (English for Academic Purpose) and EOP (English for Occupational Purpose). In this study, This research is focused on the ESP which is referring to the EAP. The study of ESP for this case is based on the learners' needs. The researcher was given some questionnaires to the learners that will be the next students in ESP class. Then, the researcher was taken the data by collecting the data. Afterwards, the researcher was analyzed the data by taking the percentage of the research. Last, the researcher was designed the course design, syllabus and lesson plan of teaching.
Keywords: ESP teacher training, ESP teacher competence, students' needs, Need Analysis.

[1]. J.Gao, Designing an ESP course for Chinese University students of business Retrieved online on 15 February 2010 from http://www.asian-espjournal.com/April_2007_gj.php (China, 2007)
[2]. P.Streven, New orientations the teaching of English(London: Oxford University Press, 1977).
[3]. H.S. Mehdi, Introduction to needs analysisESP World, Issue 4. Retrieved online on 15 September 2009 from http://www.esp-world.info, 2008
[4]. A. Tajino, R. James & K. Kijima, Beyond needs analysis: Soft systemsmethodology for meaningful collaboration in EAP course design. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 4, 27-43, 2005
[5]. G. Brindley, The role of needs analysis in adult ESL program design. In R.K. Johnson. (Ed). The second language curriculum (pp.63-78) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Measuring Family Poverty Quality in Perspective Religion: Case Studies the Poor Population in Southeast Sulawesi
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Hasan Aedy
	:	10.9790/0837-1911098104

Abstract: Poverty is a bad phenomenon that afflicts humans. This is not only caused by physical and economic aspects, but also caused by socio-cultural factors, political, ideological, social, mental attitudes and philosophies of life. Because of poverty and all the problem becomes complicated, complex and with the severity and many variety. This study raised question of how to measure poverty quality of poor families who not quantitative (physical) but qualitative (psychological). This study aims are: (1) to know poverty severity of poor families from qualitative aspects (mental attitude/character, life philosophy and practice of religion that believed in each), (2) to classify poverty level quality achieved by poor, according with results of each measurement, (3), to know form of empowerment that must be done to poor families based on severity of family poverty (from quality aspect).
Key ward; Quality poverty, psychological (mental and spiritual).

[1] Al-Qur'an Digital, Program dan Terjemahannya.
[2] Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahannya, 1971. Khadim Al Haramain Assyarifain (Pelayanan Kedua Tanah Suci) kerajaan Arab Suadi.
[3] Ancok Djamaluddin, 1995. Pemanfaatan Organisasi Lokal Untuk Mengentaskan Kemiskinan dan Kesenjangan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Aditya Media Yogyakarta.
[4] Badan Pusat Statistik, 2010. Sulawesi Tenggara dalam angka. Kendari.
[5] Burhan Bungin, 2004. Metodologi Penelitian kualitatif. Surabaya.