IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep-2014

Abstract: The tendency by governments to censor Internet operations especially in times of crisis as witnessed in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa, has evoked considerable concern among civil rights groups across the globe over the threats against online activism for regime change. It is feared that the same technical measures could be applied in other countries in similar emergency situations. There have been predictions that the Internet would serve as a regime-changing tool for the masses especially against totalitarian governments; but there are also arguments to the contrary. While the Optimists opine that the Internet is a veritable revolutionary tool for regime change given its efficacy in quick information dissemination for mass mobilisation; the Pessimists contend that the Internet is not an effective instrument of regime change due to high level of government censorship. In the light of Egypt's civil unrests, we examined the rights of the citizens and the government in the use of the internet for online activism as well as the extent to which the internet can facilitate regime change. We argued that the internet plays critical roles in causing regime change; however, in as much as the citizens have their rights to use the internet for online activism, the government also has the obligation to regulate and control the use in the interest of national security, but not to the extent of shutting down the entire internet operating system of a country. It is therefore recommended that instead of the government to use technical measures to censor the citizens internet operations, they should rather apply legal options.

[1]. Alastair, L. (8 March 2011). "Egyptians demand secret police give up torture secrets". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east 12674714. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
[2]. Aliya, (2010): "Internet isn't the agent of regime change some hoped for"; Online:http://www.nextgov.com/nextgov/ng_20100525_5807.php?oref opnews
[3]. Al Jazeera English (2011): "Looting spreads in Egyptian cities"; Online: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/01/201112917592626 521.html. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
[4]. Almasryalyoum.com(2011): Egypt's Civil Unrests; Online:http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/385 40. Retrieved 4 April 2011
[5]. Ashfaq, S. (2011): "US and the Civil Unrest of the Middle East"; Online: http://pakistananalysis.com

Abstract: In this essay, an attempt is made to examine the role and place of Africa in the contemporary international legal system, and to also draw attention to the problems which confront the continent in that system. The essence of this paper is to highlight the disadvantaged position of Africa in the international legal system; examine the historical circumstances that facilitated the emergence of the international legal framework; and support the call for a restructuring of the international legal order. In this study, it is clear that international law is presently skewed in favour of the developed and powerful countries while the poor and weak states are almost ignored. Moreover, it is discovered that international law can hardly be enforced-especially when the powerful states are the violators- and this raises questions about its effectiveness. It is concluded that an international legal order that guarantees the welfare of the strong and neglects the weak is unjust and inequitable.

Keywords: Law, International Law, and Periphery

[1]. Adeniran, Tunde (1983). Introduction to International Relation. Lagos: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Ltd.
[2]. Akinyemi, A. Bolaji (2012). "Effective Leadership: A Panacea for the True Transformation (1)" in The Punch, July 16.
[3]. Duckacek, Ivo D. (1971). Nations and Men: An Introduction to International Politics, 2nd edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc.
[4]. Ekpebu, Lawrence Baraebibai (1999). Africa and the International Political System. Ibadan, Nigeria: Sam Bookman Publishers.
[5]. Ethridge, Marcus E. and Howard Handelman (2010). Politics In A Changing World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
[6]. Garba, Abdul-Ganiyu (2003). "Introduction: The Past, Present, and Possible Futures of Africa" in Abdul-Ganiyu Garba ed., Development Thought, Policy Advice and Economic Development In Africa In The 20th Century: Lessons For The 21st Century. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press.

Abstract: Related to the housing construction, some regulations have been adopted several times by the Indonesian government. Under the Act of Housing and Settlement Region, the forms of houses are divided into three categories: single houses, row houses, and apartments. The difference between a single house and a row house lies only in the sides of the building. The sides of the buildings of row houses are fused with the one or more other buildings. While a single house has its own plot and one of the walls of the building is not built right on the line of the boundary plots. Not all multi-storey buildings are subject to the provisions of flats. Single Ownership is implemented in the regulation of the storey-buildings so that it is not subject to the provisions of flats. While the storey buildings divided into sections/parts can be owned separately although they are not separeted with the common parts. They are Multy Ownership and subject to the provisions of strata. Ownership characteristics on strata are not the same as on residential and other buildings.

Keywords: storey-houses, buildings, land.

[1]. Hasan, Djuhaendah, Lembaga Jaminan Kebendaan bagi Tanah dan Benda Lain yang Melekat pada Tanah dalam Konsepsi Penerapan Asas Pemisahan Horisontal, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1996.
[2]. Harsono, Boedi, Hukum Agraria Indonesia, Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-undang Pokok Agraria, Isi dan Pelaksanaanya, Djambatan, Jakarta, 1997.
[3]. Ilkin, Alex, NSW Strata and Community Schemes Management and The Law, Thompson Lawbook Co, Sidney, 2007.
[4]. Kartini, J. Soedjendro, Perjanjian Peralihan Hak atas Tanah yang Berpotensi Konflik, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, cetakan ke 5, 2005.
[5]. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah (Lembaran Negara 1997 Nomor 59, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3696).

Abstract:The paper tends to ask a question, whether is there a long run relationship between human resources management and employees' productivity in Etisalat Nigeria telecommunication? However, the objective of paper is to examine the long run relationship between human resources management and employees' productivity in Etisalat Nigeria telecommunication. More so, primary and secondary data was adopted. The primary data make use of questionnaires analysis that was distributed to 80 members of staff of Etisalat Nigeria telecommunication while the data collected was coded to become a secondary data and a model was specified. Johansen Co-integration was adopted as the estimation techniques and the result shows that there is a long run relationship between human resources management and employee's productivity in Etisalat Nigeria telecommunication. The paper then recommends that the management should ensure effective human resources management planning in other to improve their productivity and acquire a large relative market share in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. Finally the paper concludes that a good efficient and effective human resources management structure should be able to improve employee's commitment and bring large organizational productivity.

Keywords: Human resources management, Organizational productivity, Employee's productivity, Johansen Co-integration test and employee's commitment.

[1]. Adebayo, O.I. (2012). Practice of Human Resources Management, a broader perspective, 1st edition, pg 44-57, Pat Publication limited.
[2]. Adeoye, K.D. (2013). Impact of Human Resources and Organizational Productivity, a Jourmal of Management, vol 4, pg 21-32, Mill world limited
[3]. Adeyemi O.T. (2009). Human Resource Management in Nigeria, a textbook, 2nd edition Mushin Adeola Printers Pg. 55 – 60.
[4]. Adesanya, J.K. (2012). Relationship between Human Resources and Employees Performance, a Journal of humanities, vol 7, pg 67-78, Pet & Met Publication limited.
[5]. Al-Mustapha, F. (2014). Human Resourcing and Firm performance in Nigeria, a Journal of business Management, vol 8, pg 34-46, Al-Mustaph Press limited.

Abstract: Since the mid-1990s, community driven development has emerged as one of the fastest growing investments by donor agencies. It emerged against the conventional top-down syndrome which never had any sustainable impact on the living conditions of community members especially in rural Nigeria. Participatory development is a way of learning from and with community members to investigate, analyse, and evaluate constraints and opportunities, and make informed and timely decisions regarding development projects. The key elements of a successful community driven development projects are participation, sustainability and an enabling policy environment. Therefore, the micro-projects programme embarked upon by the European Union in the Oil producing areas of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was evaluated based on the key elements. It was realized that the non-participation of all the sub- groups in the communities, unsustainaility plan, and lack of enabling policy environment led to the abandonment of some of the projects in some communities. Therefore, the good intention of the donor agencies of reducing poverty in the rural communities, reaching out to the disadvantage groups, easing social tension and ensuring sustainable development of the rural areas have been negated.

Keywords: Disadvantage groups, enabling policy environment, oil producing areas of the Niger Delat region of Nigeria, participation, sustainability.

[1]. W. B. Abdoul, Development driven by local communities: A sustainable instrument to alleviate poverty in Nigeria, International Fund for agricultural Development (IFAD) 2010, July – September.
[2]. G. Mansuri and V. Rao, Community-based and driven development: A critical review, The World Bank Research Observer, 19 (1), 2004, 1-33.
[3]. J. Brohman, Popular development: Rethinking the theory and practice of development (Oxford, Blackwell, 1996).
[4]. J. Dahl –Oslargaard, D. Moore, V. Ramirez, M. Wenner and A. Bonde, Community – driven rural development. What have we learned? Inter-American Development Bank. Sustainable Development Department Technical Papers Series, Washington, D. C. 2003.

Abstract: The history of the Catholic Church in North East India was indeed the work of a number of pioneer missionaries who served and dedicated the cause of the gospel with great zeal and contributed substantially to its remarkable growth and development. The missionaries constituted a devoted and dedicated band drawn from every part of the world, and included men and women, priest and nuns as well as laity whose heroic missionary life, dedication and self service laid the foundation of a flourishing mission field. This paper is an attempt to study the role of the Milan Foreign Mission Society or PIME in the Assam Mission through their lone missionary Fr. Jocopo Broy who dedicated his life and service to Assam, inspite of many woes and trials, challenges and controversies and without any active support from his home mission or superiors. The fact that he singlehandedly manage the Assam mission for 18 long years is not without significance in the history of the Catholic Church in North East India and though he may be considered as a missionary without a formal mission, yet much credit goes to him for having convinced others after him that Assam was an ideal mission field which today has grown into a considerable community of faith with an inner dynamism of its own.

Keywords: Assam mission, Fr. Jocopo Broy, Milan Foreign Mission Society PIME

[1] George Kottuppallil, History of the Catholic Mission in Central Bengal 1855-1886, Vendrame Institute, Shillong, 1988, p.65.

[2] Sebastian Karotemprel, (Revised Ed). The Catholic Church in North East India 1890-1915, Becker Institute, Sacred Heart Theological College, Shillong, 2007, p.139.

[3] Matthew Muttumana, Christianity in Assam and Interfaith Dialogue, Indore, 1984, p.69.

[4] Sebastian Karotemprel (ed.), Op.cit, p.146.

[5] Sebastian Karotemprel (ed.), The Catholic Church in North East India 1890-1990, Vendrame Institute, Shillong, 1993, p.34.

[6] George Kottuppallil, Op.cit., p.208

Abstract: Śiśupālavadhaṁ Mahākavya deals with several Philosophical ideas. These are Vedānta-Mīmāṁsā, sāṁkhya-yaga, Nyāya-Vaiśesika. Mahakabi Māgha, the author of the novel 'Śiśupālavadhaṁ' has given major emphasis on sāṁkhya -yaga, Nyāya-Vaiśesika in his writings. This study proposed to make an attempt at comprehensively collecting and analysing the quotations and paraphrases from and allusions to the text of the Sāṁkhya and Yoga.

Keywords: slaying, allusion, reflection, Orthodox, Hetrodox, Tattvasamasa.

[1]. J. Chatterjee, Philosophical allusions in the Kiratarjuniyam Sisupalavadham And Naisadhacaritam, doctoral diss., Viswa-Bharati University, Bolpur, W.B., India, 2011
[2]. A. Sengupta, Essays on Samkhya and other systems of Indian philosophy (Kanpur: Moti Mahal, 1964)
[3]. S. Chatterjee and D.M. Datta, (An) Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Kolkata: University of Calcutta, 1968).

Abstract: This desk study conceptualizes weather-index based crop insurance as an instrument to graduate poor farmers out of poverty trap. I examine the advantages of this product over traditional crop insurance based on developing countries experience. The author tries to address the problems and challenges in implementing this insurance product in low income countries. Based on literature it addresses some problems and issues in implementing this product in Bangladesh considering context specific issues of this country. The main objective of this paper is to theoretically assess weather-index based crop insurance as an instrument to graduate poor farmers out of poverty trap. This study is a completely desk based one. Data have been collected from literatures of different sources such as journals, working papers, World Bank and other development organizations' websites and research publications those are relevant to the study. Proper preparation for index measurement, premium determination, flexible product design, wider stakeholder involvement, public private partnership, and a 'big push' from government and donors through seed financing can promote weather index based crop insurance in Bangladesh.

Key Words: Crop insurance, poverty trap, weather index

[1] Akter, S., The Role of Micro-insurance as a Safety Net against Environmental Risks in Bangladesh. The Journal of Environment Development, (June) 21 (2), 2012, 263-280.
[2] Akter, S, R. Brouwer, S. Chowdhury, and S. Aziz, Introducing a Micro-flood Insurance in Bangladesh: Institutional Design and Commercial Viability. PREM Working Paper 07/08, Poverty reduction and Environmental Management, (Amsterdam: Vrije Universitait, 2007).
[3] Akter, S., R. Brouwer, S. Chowdhury and S. Aziz, Is there a Commercially Viable Market for Crop Insurance in Rural Bangladesh? Mitigation Adaptation Strategies and Global Change, 14, 2009, 215-229.
[4] Alam, M. J., M. Nazneen & F. S. Chowdhury, Demand for Weather Index Based Micro Insurance in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. Available at: http://www.webmeets.com/files/papers/EAERE/2011/491/Demand%20for%20Weather%20Index%20B ased%20Micro-Insurance.pdf (accessed at: 20. 12. 2012), 2011.
[5] Alderman, H. and T. Haque, Insurance against Covariate Shocks- the Role of Index Based Insurance in Social protection in Lower Income Countries of Africa. Working Paper 95, (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2007).

Abstract: Women's issues and problems have still remained largely uninvestigated till date. On the one hand, there is an increase, even explosion, of research and publications on women's problems while on the other hand the violence against women i.e. rape, molestation, eve- teasing, domestic violence and institutional and reproductive violence are rampant even today. This study attempts to explore and understand those crucial nodes and instances when these very vulnerabilities, humiliations and terrible wounds of women are used by them as counter-offensive against all the oppressive forces ranging from patriarchal structures, the state and its apparatuses, hegemonic social structures and ideologies to the complex contest and collusion of forces of 'tradition' and 'modernities' that exploit women in different and ever-changing guises.

Key Words: Women, Violence, Resistance, Issues, Oppression.

[1]. Ambedkar, B.R. 1979. "The Annihilation of Caste". In Vasant Moon (ed.) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches, Mumbai: Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.
[2]. Bhasin, Kamala. 2003. What is Patriarchy? New Delhi: Kali for Women.
[3]. Brannon, Robert. 1976. "The Male Sex Role: Our Culture‟s Blue Print of Manhood, and What it‟s done for Us Lately." In Deborah S. David and Robert Brannan (eds) The Forty-Nine Per cent Majority: The Male Sex Role. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
[4]. Brownmiller, Susan. 1975. Against our Will: Men, Women and Rape. New York: Bantam Books.
[5]. Beauvoir, Simone de.1953.The Second Sex, trans. And edt. N.M.Parshey.London: Jonathan Cape.
[6]. Burkhart, Kathryn.1973.Women in Prison. New York: Double Day.

Abstract:This study evaluated adolescence-sexual behaviour as a correlates of academic performance on agricultural science in Ibadan North Local Government Area. Multistage sampling procedure was employed for sampling of respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained from 150 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). These were analyzed to determine the relationship between independent variables (socioeconomic and adolescence-sexual behaviour of the respondents) and the dependent variables (student performance in agricultural science). Mean age of the respondents was 15 years, 56.7% were females while 43.3% were males. The results of student performance revealed that, the mean score was 58.61% for agricultural science. The sexual intercourse status of respondents (INTERCOS) correlate with student academic performance in agricultural science subject and it is statistically significant at 1% level. The coefficient is also positive. Policy makers should employ counselors in all public secondary schools and mandate private secondary schools to do likewise.
Keywords: Adolescence, sexual intercourse, PPMC.

[1]. Adenugha, and I. O. Ijagbone, Correlates of Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents in Ibadan North Local Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. ISSN 2039-2117 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 (2) May 2012. Doi: 10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n2.251
[2]. Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), World Health Organisation (WHO) Nigeria. Adolescent sexuality and reproductive health. Grange A, Odemwingwe T, Oyeledun B, editors. Training manual and facilitator's guide. Lagos: Fidel Enterprises, 1999; p. 1-198.
[3]. FGN . National Policy on Education. Lagos, 1990: Government printers.
[4]. S. F. Forman, and S. J. Emans, Current goals for adolescent health care. Hosp Physician. 2000;36(1):27-42.
[5]. U.W. Ibor, O.A. Anjorin, A. E. Ita, M. A. Out, and T. I. Bassey, Utilization of Antenatal Care in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Trends in Medical Research, 2011; 6: 273-280.

Abstract: This study was conducted to find out the effect of less hard work on plagiarism. Data was drawn from the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The results revealed that majority of science and technology students commit plagiarism. It was also found that lack of hard work lead students to plagiarize. The results further interpreted that when one unit less hard work (P=0.504) increase predicted in students, the plagiarism less likely to increase 7%. Likewise, when less enforcement from supervisors (P=0.045) and less efforts (to reduce plagiarism) (P=0.058) increase predicted one unit; the plagiarism increases more likely by 3% & 3% respectively. It is recommended that government should follow-up the problem. Policies and penalties should be defined and displayed publicly.

Keywords: Plagiarism, less hard work, academic institution

[1]. Special awareness programs are indispensable to arrange in the academic institutions in which the issues, importance and criteria of plagiarism should be highlighted. These programs should not be limited to the circle of post graduate institutions but to be spread arranged in schools and colleges' level. Awareness in electronic and print media can also be made easier if government organize relevant events.
[2]. Strong faculty must be the focal point of academia's to nominate them for teaching, supervising, advising, and guiding the students/scholars in their research/dissertation report writing.
[3]. Government can play a vital role in structuring and implementing a criterion for appointing teachers and implement the plagiarism policy in the academic institutions which should be free of favoritism and nepotism.
[4]. Plagiarism policy must be clearly defined and penalties be displayed publicly. For this purpose every institution should have a Plagiarism Standing Committee which can helps the people to clarify the misconception and deal the cases of plagiarism.

Abstract:This study is carried out to analyze the potential of tourism in Thane district of Maharashtra. The types of tourism are landscape, landform and cultural. The weights were assigned to the village polygons on the basis of the value of variables. The weights assigned range from 1 to 5. Using these weights a composite index for aerial differentiation based on the physical factors was defined. For site specific aspect the exercise was repeated taking into account the locations of specific landforms that could attract the tourists. One can assess the places on a scale ranging from average, normal, different, distinct unique. Composite index to determine the tourism potentials for the places or regions in the area under consideration
Keywords: Tourism potentials Composite Index, GIS Application.

[1]. Cooke R. U and Doornkamp J.C. (1974), Geomorphology in Environmental Management- An Introduction, Clarendon Press. Oxford.
[2]. Countryside Commission for Scotland (1971), Planning Classification of Scotish Landscape Resources (C.C.S., Perth), Pp. 123, cf. Cooke R. U and Doornkamp J.C. (1974), Geomorphology in Environmental Management- An Introduction, Clarendon Press. Oxford.
[3]. Fines (1968), Landscape Evaluation: A Research Project in East Sussex, Regional Studies,2,41-55 cf. Cooke R. U and Doornkamp J.C. (1974), Geomorphology in Environmental Management- An Introduction, Clarendon Press. Oxford.
[4]. Gazetteer (2000), Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Thana Places of Interest,
[5]. Vol.XIV, Government Central Press Mumbai

Abstract: Literacy is an important demographic element of human process. It is essential for human character, social and economic development. It contribute to better health, higher productivity, high income, capability and esteemed living, increased participation in community life. Education includes new ideas for a better building of the society and their personal life style. The present work is an attempt to study the trends and pattern and their differential (Male-female and urban- rural) of literacy in Madhya Pradesh. It sustain about 7.25crore out of about 121crore of India`s total population but literacy rate is for below the national average. The study is based on data from the census of India 2001 and 2011. The male –female and rural –urban differential has been worked out. The literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh was 70.63 Percent in 2011. Moreover, there are remarkable gaps between male and female and between rural and urban rates in the state.

Keywords: trends of literacy, spatial pattern, literacy differential index, regional variation

[1] Banerjee, Maya, (1975), "Literacy in Singhbhum, Bihar", Geographical Review of India, Vol. 37, pp 151-157.
[2] Chandna, R.C.,(Oct.2009), "Literacy in Punjab and Haryana-2001", Punjab Geographer, Volume 5, pp 116-120.
[3] Chandna, R.C. And Sidhu, M.(1980),"Introduction To Population Geography", Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
[4] Dube, R.S. And Mishra, R.P. (1881), "Level of Education: A Versatile Indicator of Regional Development", Geographical Review of India, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 278-285.
[5] Goel, Sanjeev, (2013), "Spatial Pattern of Literacy in Haryana", Uttar Bharat Bhoogol Patrika, Vol. 43, No.3, pp 81-86.