IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-12 ~ Dec-2015

Abstract: Participation in productive welfare programmes, a social innovation for welfare reform in Malaysia, provided opportunities to welfare recipients for individual empowerment and financial sustainability without depending on welfare aid. The challenges for the government however, lies in sustaining the interest level of welfare recipients to ensure effective and continued participation in the productive welfare programmes which is a form of self-employment for financial stability and self-sufficiency.

[1]. Abdul Halim, M., Zakariah, Z., Che Hamid, A. & Ariff, K. (2014). Fostering micro-enterpreneurship as panacea to poverty reduction in Malaysian economy: A conceptual perception. Asian Social Science, 10(3), 287-292
[2]. Adams, R. (1996). Self-help: Social work and empowerment. London: Macmillan
[3]. Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: NJ-Prentice Hall
[4]. Alesina, A & Perotti R. (1997). The Welfare State and Competitiveness. American Economic Review, 87, 921-939
[5]. Anderson, J.C. & Gerbing, D.W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models to obtain unidimensional construct measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(4), 453-460

Abstract: A famous educationist once said, "I am beginning to suspect all elaborate and special systems of modern education. They seem to me, to be built up on the supposition that every child is a kind of an idiot who must be taught to think." The term education is derived from Latin word educere, educare and educatum which means to learn, to know and to lead out. That is education means to lead out internal hidden talent of a child or person.A number of people have tried to know the main aim and meaning of vedic education.My study is about the Relevence of vedic education for modern age.Vedic education which is supposed to be a part of our daily life.The concept of vedic education was to make people fit for society,to train them,to educate them not for material life but to develop their personality and cherecter.

Original texts
[1]. Adhyatma Ramayanam : Analysed by Sreebhuvanam in 1992.
: Critically examined by Radhakrishanan in 1993
[2]. Atharvaveda : 1997: edition of books 1-15 by Dipak Bhattacharya
: Edition and translation into English of books 13 and 14 by Carlos
[3]. Lopez in 2000
: Edition and translation into English of book 5 by AlexanderLubotsky in 2002 : Edition of book 16 by Dipak Bhattacharya in 2008 : Edition and translation into English of books 6 and 7 by Arlo Griffith in 2009

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the Curriculum Management of Leadership Training Level IV in Training Agency of North Sumaetra Province. The focus of this research is "Management Curriculum Leadership Training Level IV in Training Agency of North Sumatera Province". The focus is broken down into within the scope of activities: (a) planning of the curriculum in a learning activity, b) organizing curriculum in learning activities, (c) directing the curriculum in learning activities, (d) implementing the curriculum in a learning activity, (e) the evaluating the curriculum in a learning activity. This study uses qualitative Naturalistic.

[1]. Arikunto Suharsimi (2013), Dasar- Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan, Edisi ke dua, Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara, p. 39
[2]. Arikunto Suharsimi dan Yuliana (2009), Manajemen Pendidikan, Edisi ke-1 cetakan ke-5 Yogyakarta: Aditya Media bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan UNY, p.131
[3]. C. Lunenburg Fred and C.Ornstein Allan (2000), Educational Administration Concept And Practices, Wardsworth Thomson Learning, Third Edition, p.433
[4]. Davis, Ivor K (1991), Pengelolaan Belajar, Jakarta, Rajawali Press, p.118.
[5]. Hery Widyastono (2014), Pengembangan Kurikulum Di Era Otonomi Daerah, Cetakan Pertama, Jakarta, Bumi Aksara, p.7-9.
[6]. Husaini Usman (2011), Manajemen Teori, Praktek, dan Riset Pendidikan, Edisi 3, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, p. 16.
[7]. Ibrahim MD (1999), Perspektif Transparansi global Dalam Kurikulum, Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan.- 5 ( 019), p.13-36
[8]. Manajemen (2011), Manajemen, Edisi ketiga, Yogyakarta: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen YKPN, p. 11

Abstract: As per sayings none is more furious than a woman scorned and the history of feminism is the story of women being scorned. Inevitably, the question that arises here is how much of this fury influences the writers who pen these stories? Obviously, they are furious and both the authors and their characters behave like iconoclasts. Hence, the dreams (read myths) they chase are many times mirages, far away from the mundane reality of ours.

[1]. Deshpande, Shashi. The Dark Holds No Terrors, New Delhi: Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd., 1990.
[2]. Deshpande, Shashi. A Matter of Time, New Delhi Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd., 1996.
[3]. Indra Mohan, T.M.J. "The Dark Holds No Terrors : A Feminist concept", Women in the Novels of Shashi Deshpande: A study. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2004.
[4]. Kakar, Sudhir. The Ascetic of Desire. New Delhi: Penguin, 1999.
[5]. Mukherjee, Prabhati. Hindu Women : Normative Models. Calcutta: Orient Longman, 1999.
[6]. Nahal, Chaman. "Feminism in English Fiction: Forms and Variations". Feminism and Recent Fiction in English Ed. Sushila Singh, New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1991.
[7]. Shree S. Prasanna. Women in the Novels of Shashi Deshpande: A Study. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2003.

Abstract: After years of military and authoritarian rule, great expectations accompanied the resumption of civilian rule in Nigeria in May 1999. For a country that has suffered severe deterioration in its economy and politics over the fifty years of military rule, the assumption that a civilian rule would herald a dawn of peace and a deepening of democratic values and norms in the society was understandable. This paper sets out to analytically x-ray the country's political cum economic penchant and to ascertain to what degree its democratic principles have been consolidated upon from the inception of its democratic rule. Using extant literature as major of source of intellectual strength, the paper finds that consolidating democracy in Nigeria is tough and challenging but not entirely hopeless. Nigeria is a country with thriving democratic spirit but is ruled by tyrants and despots who have both the inclination and resources to scupper agitations for democratic reforms. Nigerians like other citizens in established democracies, want constitutional democracy and all the rights, privileges and benefits associated with democracy.

Keywords: Appraisal, Nigeria, Democratic consolidation, Economic development, Experiment, Projection

[1]. Adeyemo A 2009. Paris, Gains of a Decade of Democracy. This Day Newspaper, May 29, 2009, P. 25.
[2]. Agbaje, A. A. B. et al eds (2004) Nigeria's Struggle for Democracy and Good Governance: a Festschrift for Oyeleye Oyediran, Ibadan: Uni. of Ibadan Press.
[3]. Ake C 1994. Democratization and Disemployment in Africa. An Occasional Publication of The Centre for Advance Social Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
[4]. Ayodele, B. 2004. ―Ethno-Nationalistic Militarism and the Quest for Democratic Security in Post-Military Nigeria‖, in K. Ajayi and B. Ayodele (eds.), Perspectives on Democracy and Development in Post-Military Nigeria. Ibadan: Julius and Julius Associates.
[5]. Bonnie A. and Kehinde, B.(NY) Public Service and Democracy in Developing societies: The Nigerian Experience. Julius and Julius Associates Ibadan, Oyo state.
[6]. Diamond L. Chu Yun-Han &Tien Hung-Mao, (1997) Consolidating the Third World Democracy: Theme and Perspectives, the John Hopkins University. Baltimore.
[7]. Egwu S. G. (2003) State, Public Bureaucracy and Democratization in Nigeria: Some Theoretical Comments, Lead Paper, National Conference on Public Administration and Democracy in Nigeria , Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, Nov. 4-6.
[8]. Hyden G 1992. Governance and the study of politics. In: G Hyden, M Bratton (Eds.): Governance and Politics in Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

Abstract: Genetic engineering is an extremely sophisticated technology which is almost impossible to handle for most of the developing countries in case of any adverse situation. This technology has raised highly controversial issues and considerable international debate over the liabilities associated with crops containing genetically modified organisms ("GMOs"). This paper focuses on the debate over the associated legal liability issues in between developed countries & developing countries regarding GM contamination and also examines whether common law remedies provide adequate protection against it. In its examination of all these issues, this article identifies the challenges & risks factors that must be faced to ensure justice for all those farmers affected by GM products.

Keywords: Contamination, Farmer's Liability, Legal liability, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO), Patent Rights.

[1]. Maskus, E. Keith, "Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and the Interests of Asian-Pacific Economies", 29 WORLD ECON. 715, 719(2006).
[2]. FELICIA WU & WILLIAM P. BUTZ, THE FUTURE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS: LESSONSFROM THE GREEN REVOLUTION (2004), http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG161.pdf(last visited May 14, 2010).
[3]. ENGINEERING GENESIS: THE ETHICS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING IN NONHUMAN SPECIES 2 (Donald Bruce & Ann Bruce eds., 1998); see also Tester, Mark, "Seeking Clarity in the Debate Over the Safety of GM Foods," 402 NATURE 575, 575 (1999).
[4]. Monsanto Co. v. Trantham, 156 F. Supp. 2d 855, 858 (W.D. Tenn. 2001) (involving the insertion of genes into cottonseed and soybeans to make the plants resistant to herbicide).
[5]. Cockburn, Andrew, "Assuring the Safety of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods: the Importance of an Holistic, Integrative Approach", 98 J. BIOTECH. 79, 80 (2002).
[6]. Carie-Megan Flood, Pollen Drift and Potential Causes of Action, 28 J. CORP. L. 472, 477 (2003)(quoting Kolehmainen, Sophia, "Precaution Before Profits: An Overview of Issues in Genetically Engineered Food and Crops", 20 VA. ENVTL. L.J. 267, 269 (2001)).

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the role of perceived interparental relationship in mental health problems of adolescents. Studies indicated that poor interparental relationship is associated with difficulties in adolescents' psychological functioning. In this context it was hypothesized that perception of better relationship between parents would be negatively associated with various mental health problems. The sample for present study comprised 400 adolescents (200 boys and 200 girls) with age range of 15 to 19 years. Interparental Relationship Scale and General Health Questionnaire were administered to assess the variables under study. Correlational analysis revealed that perception of interparental relationship was negatively correlated with all the mental health problems (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction) among adolescent boys whereas negative associations have been obtained with depression and social dysfunction among adolescent girls.

[1]. World Health Organisation (2010). Mental Health: Strengthening Our Response. Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://www.who.int /mediacentre / factsheets / fs220 /en.
[2]. Whitlock, J. & Schantz, K. (2008). ACT for Youth Center of Excellence. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http://www.actforyouth.net

[3]. Pillai, A., Patel, V., Cardozo, P., Goodman, R., Weiss, H. A., & Andrew, G. (2008). Non-traditional lifestyles and prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in Goa, India. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 45–51.

[4]. Anita, Gaur, D. R., Vohra, A. K., Subash, S., & Khurana, H. (2003). Prevalence of Psychiatric morbidity among 6 to 14 yrs old children. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 28, 133-137.

[5]. Srinath, S, Girimaji, S. C., Gururaj, G., Seshadri, S, Subbakrishna, D. K., Bhola, P., & Kumar, N. (2005). Epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. Indian Journal of Medicine, 122, 67 –79.

[6]. Deb, S., Chatterjee, P., & Walsh, K. (2010). Anxiety among high school students in India: Comparisons across gender, school type, social strata and perceptions of quality time with parents. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 10, 18 – 31.

Abstract: The paper explores that the primary development agenda of Guwahati City is carried out by two main agencies, the Guwahati Municipal Corporation and the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority. But the presence of multiple agencies while discharging similar duties has compounded the problem of service delivery in Guwahati City.The study focuses that wherever possible, the functioning of the agencies need to be streamlined, to bring it under one agency, which will not only help in improving service delivery but also bring about accountability. It is recognized that various agencies need to be brought under the ambit of Guwahati Municipal Corporation which should have the overall responsibility of providing infrastructure services in Guwahati and shall utilize the services of other agencies on a need basis.

Key words: Governance, Service delivery, Guwahati, Municipal Corporation, Agencies

[1] Purobi Sarma, Genesis of a City: Urban Development in Guwahati (EBH Publishers, India, Guwahati, 2014) [2] Rapid Baseline Assesment Report (2013), Guwahati City, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India [3] Administrative Report (1990-91), Directorate of Municipal Administration, Govt. of Assam [4] Renu Desai, Darshini Mahadevia and Aseem Mishra, CUE Working Paper, August, 2014, CEPT University, Ahmedabad
[5] http://www.guwahatijalboard.gov.in (accessed on 4/7/2015) [6] City Development Plan, 2006, Guwahati Municipal Corporation

Abstract: The present study pointsout substantial variation in food consumption across the communities. Hindu respondents have a better dietary intake than Muslim counterparts. This statement is not inconformity to the NFHS-2 India survey report (2002). With regards to composite nutritional status index, 96.9 percent Muslim respondents fall in the category of poor nutritional status while in Hindu this proportion is 66.8 percent. Religion, education, occupation and income are an important predictors for having better nutritional status. Out of the total 420 respondents, about 63.3 percent respondents are suffering from some kind of deficiency diseases.

[1]. Chitralekha, R. (1982). Poverty and levels of nutrition: some more evidences, I.G.J., Madras, vol. 57, no. 1 & 2, pp. 58-61.
[2]. Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, R.P. (1984). Nutritional availability patterns in Madhya Pradesh, Trans., Inst. Of Indian Geographers, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 79-89.
[3]. Gopalan et al. (1996).
[4]. NFHS-2, 2002.
[5]. Singh, B. (1972). A geographical appraisal of the caloric intake in Shahganj Tehsil, The N.G.J.I., Varanasi, vol XVIII, part -2, pp. 102-113.
[6]. Singh, M.B. et al. (1997) Poverty, nutrition and nutrition deficiency diseases in Kailhat village, Mirzapur district (U.P.), NGJI, vol. 43 (4), pp. 307-315, Dec. 1997.

Abstract: Human-trafficking is a global concern especially for third world countries like Bangladesh. It is alarming that the number of trafficking victims is mounting day by day which fuels tension on international peace and order. So it has become incumbent upon the world community to give watchful eyes on the ongoing trafficking crisis. Therefore, individual and joint steps of sovereign states are necessary to protect trafficking victims and suppress the brazen faces of wicked trafficking mafias. The SAARC Trafficking Convention, 2002 is a revolutionary step in the world history to combat human-trafficking crisis in South Asia. The Convention is an inspirational and standard setting instrument which seeks for regional co-operation among the SAARC Countries to prevent and reduce trafficking crisis.

[1]. International Labor Organization (ILO) 2008, ILO action against trafficking in human beings.
[2]. EPCAT: Trafficking in Children for sexual purposes: An analytical review. Available on <[http:/www.cseworldcongress.org/PDF/en/Yokohama/Backgroundreading/Theme papers/Theme%20paper%20Trafficking%20in%2Childrenpdf] web site>
[3]. International Labor Organization: <http:/ / www.humantrafficking.org/ uploads/ publications/ ilo06_demand_side_of_human_tiaef.pd f>website
[4]. <http://www.buzzle.com/authers.asp?auther=56753>
[5]. An unofficial translation of s. 3(1) of the Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking Act, 2012. This definition is in line with the definition of human trafficking provided in the most significant international treaty on human trafficking, the UN Anti‐Trafficking Protocol 2000 (art 3).

Abstract: This paper identifies issues of war and conflict to be existential problems that are commonly decried but yet have continue to pervade human interrelation. War and conflicts occur not only premised on distinctive political and economic differences but extends to issues of religious and even social differences – of course the last two categories often betray some form of political and economic motifs. From this understanding that war situation has often been part of human experiences, current issues which border on such problems are better considered from previous perspectives to avoid pitfalls, and to better navigate the often tensed path to resolution and peace.

[1]. Augustine was one the most prominent Bishops and theologian of the Catholic Christianity. He is reckoned with the definition of many of the church's teachings and he was a pillar of defense of the church's dogma.
[2]. Reinhold Niebuhr was an American Protestant theologian best known for his ―Christian Realism.‖ His views gave emphasis to the rootedness of evil in human life, a factor which he claims results from ―original sin‖.
[3]. The University of Chicago Divinity School highlights the profile of Jean Bethke Elshtain as one of ―America's most prominent and provocative thinkers on religion, political philosophy, and ethics. She was the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics in the Divinity School, Political Science, and the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago.‖ Among her many works are Augustine and the Limits of Politics, and Just War Against Terror.

Abstract: Rural development efforts invariably involve the injection of finance and other tangible assets into the beneficiary communities. Huge sums of money in form of grants and loans are usually involved, with outcomes that often fail to justify the investments. There is a growing perception that social capital might be a significant missing link in the rural development enterprise. Social capital comprises the norms and webs of relationships that help people to take collective action in the pursuit of desired goals. The study was designed to investigate the link between social capital and the productivity of women oil palm processors in the study area. A purposive sample of 60 respondents belonging to strong associations constituted the study group.

[1]. Grootaert, C. (1998) Social Capital: The Missing Link? New York: World Bank. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network.
[2]. Narayan, D. and L. Pritchett. (1999) Cents and Sociability: Household income and social capital in rural Tanzania Economic Development and Cultural Change 47(4): pp871-897
[3]. Njuki, J. M., M. T. Mapila, S. Zingore, and R. Delve (2008) The dynamics of social capital in influencing use of soil management options in the Chinyanja Triangle of southern Africa. Ecology and Society13(2): 9. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art9/. 15th February, 2015.
[4]. Uphoff, N. and Wijayaratna, C.M. (2000) Demonstrated benefits from social capital: the productivity of farmer organizations in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka, World Development, 28(11)pp. 1875-1890
[5]. Wiesinger,G.(2007) The importance of social capital in rural development, networking and decision-making in rural areas, Journal of Alpine Research, 95-4, pp 43-56
[6]. Woolcock, M. and D. Narayan (2000) Social capital: Implications for social theory, research and policy, World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), pp 225-249

Abstract: Dental caries is a significant health problem worldwide. The objectives of the study are to estimate the prevalence of caries and association of dental caries with eating habits, oral hygiene practice and literacy among the Chakhesang of Sodzulhou village. The main tool for data collection was oral examination along with personal observation. The finding of the study revealed that out of the total 230 individuals examined, 202 were found to be affected by caries (87.83%) with high incidence of dental caries in the lower age group 4-12 years. Keywords: Dental caries, Chakhesang, habits,literacy, oral hygiene.

[1] A.A.Khan, S.K. Jain, and A. Shrivastav, Prevalence of dental caries among the population of Gwalior (India) in relation of different associated factors, European Journal of Dentistry, 2, 2008, 81-85.

[2] D. Ozdemir, Dental caries: The most common disease worldwide and preventive strategies, International Journal of Biology, 5(4), 2013, 1-7.

[3] V.C.C. Marinho, H.V. Worthington, T.Walsh, and J.E. Clarkson, Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, 7, 2013, 279.

[4] R.H. Selwitz, A.I. Ismail, and N.B. Pitts, Dental caries.Lancet, 369, 2007, 51-59.

[5] I.W. Tove, and J.W. Nina, Parental influences on dental caries development in preschool children.An overview with emphasis on recent Norwegian research.Norwegian Journal of Epidemiology, 22(1), 2012, 13-19.

[6] Schottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Prevention and management of dental decay in the pre-school child.A national clinical guideline,83, 24 (Thistle street, Edinburg EH2 1EN, 2005).

Abstract: Water is the most important substances for all the living being especially for Agriculture, Industries and Domestic purposes. In Sambhal District, canal water source is totally absent and ground water source is the only source where the over exploitation of water is more for domestic and agriculture uses. The blocks of Sambhal district are in dark zone and ground water level has declined rapidly due to over exploitation of water. The future annual availability of ground water demand is more than the present annual ground water supplies. The ground water recharge is only depending upon the precipitation of south-west monsoon during rainy season.

[1]. Ala Eldin, M. E. H., M. Sami Ahmed, V. V. S.Gurunadha Rao And R. L. Dhar (2000) Aquifer Modelling of The Ganga-Mahawa Sub-Basin, a Part of The central Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India Hydrol.Process. 14, pp 297-315
[2]. Ali khan, T (2014) An over view of Climate Change and Ground Water Status in Parts of Central Ganga Plain, Journal of Engineering Computers and Applied Sciences, Vol.3, No.6, June.
[3]. Burke JJ, and Moench M H (2000) Groundwater and society: resources, tensions and opportunities. United Nations Publication ST/ESA/205, UN, New York
[4]. Dhawan, B.D (1995) Groundwater Depletion, Land Degradaion and Irrigated of Agriculture in India, Commonwealth Publisher, New Delhi.
[5]. Jeet, I (2005) Groundwater Resources of India, Millet Publication, New Delhi.

Abstract: This paper discusses the nature, Level and Forms of Da'wah activities by Muslim Organizations in Taraba State, Nigeria is meant among others to assess the perception of the sampled respondents on the Level and Forms of Da'wah activities carried out by the selected Muslim Organizations in Taraba State Nigeria. To achieve this, both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used. Two hundred and forty (240) questionnaires were administered to the sampled population (30 questionnaires to each of the eight local government areas), out of which 197 were retrieved representing 88.21% retrieval rate.

1]. AbdulFatah R. (2002). A Manual of Da‟awah,a Guide to the Propagation of Islam throughout the World. Kaduna. sammedia publishers D.34 Dutsin ma Road opp. Tipper garage kasuwar Bachi Tudun Wada.
[2]. Aboki, S. A., (2003), "Da‟wah in Nigeria: A Study of Islamic Education Trust (1976-1999)" M.A. Islamic Studies, Submitted To Islamic Studies Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
[3]. Abubakar, B.Z., (2000), History of Islam in the Middle Benue Region: A Case Study of Wukari since C.1848-1960, M.A. Dissertation Submitted to Department of History, Bayero University Kano
[4]. Adamu, M, (2010). "The Major Landmarks in the History of Hausaland", the Eleventh Inaugural Lecture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
[5]. Afolabi, A. (2008) Winning Souls: A Guide to Effective Communication for Islamic Propagators, Lagos Pioneer publishing.