IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2015

Abstract: Nigeria is country of great contradictions. The country is endowed rich, but its people are poor. It also has a vastly fertile land, yet it depends on foreign food supply. Nigeria also has a lot of intellectuals of international reputation, but much of its population is illiterate. It also has abundant resources to produce everything, yet, it depends much on imports. It is one of the most populous countries in the world, but its people are yet to manage themselves for the common good for all. Many of these contradictions go on; much of it blamed on poor value and leadership systems.

[1]. Adamu, S. M. (2008). Lecture Note on Introduction to Social Studies. College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State.
[2]. Dauda, A. (2000). Islam and Society: A Sociological and Political Analysis: Volume II. Kano:Manifold Publishing Company Limited.
[3]. Dauda, A. (2002). Leadership: Theory and Practice: An Islamic Perspective. Kano: ManifoldPublishing Company.
[4]. Dauda, A. (2008). Issues in Educational Administration. Kano: Gidan Dabino Publishers.
[5]. FGN, (1981). National Policy on Education. Lagos: NERDC.

Abstract: Tribal women play a significant role in the economic development of tribals as they contribute in various economic activities and education is one of the them. Money lending and Indebtedness , despite legal and protective measures to curb money lending in scheduled areas and provisions for debt relief, enforcement has been weak and ineffective. The non- recognition of the consumption needs of tribals and the non-availability of institutional consumption credit makes tribal people fall easy victim to money lenders and leads to dependence on them.

[1]. Bhuvaneshwari, Sri Vara Buddhi. 2005. Role of Tribal Women in the Conservation of Agro biodiversity: A Multidimensional Analysis. Unpub. Ph.D. Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore.
[2]. Cinthiafernandaz, C. 2009. Participation of tribal women in agro biodiversity conservation and postulating environmental education module for sustainable livelihood. Unpub. Ph.D. Thesis, AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore.
[3]. Marimuthu, P. 2001. Indigenous Tribal Wisdom for Rural Development : A Multi-dimensional Analysis. Unpub. Ph.D. Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore
[4]. Sarangi, P. 2003. Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women and Builds Confidence Through Establishment of SHGs. Kurukshetra, 51(4), New Delhi.
[5]. Seema, 2002. Developing a Strategy for Tribal Development. Unpub. Ph.D, Thesis, AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore

Abstract: This paper tried to examine the interstate disparities of infant mortality rate(IMR) and their major determinants in India where the study based on cross sectional data in latest cencus,2011.In the present study, twenty seven states out of thirty states in India has taken as a cross sectional units. The choice of states and socioeconomic as well as demographic variables are partly guided by availability of data. The IMR has been considered as most important indicators of health for the construction of human development index (UNDP, 1995) and it is taken as a proxy variable of the life expectancy at birth. In this paper we tried to capture interstate disparities of IMR by vertical bar diagram approach and next to explain the major determinants of IMR. We have run a robust multiple regression models by applying OLS technique. Before, running multiple regression the pair wide correlation coefficient between IMR and all explanatory variables separately as well as pair wide inter correlation among explanatory variables have been calculated.

[1]. Cencus,2011 Government of India
[2]. District Level Household and Facility Survey – 2 (DLHS-2) (2002-04), IIPS, Mumbai, India & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
[3]. District Level Household and Facility Survey – 3 (DLHS-3) (2007-08), IIPS, Mumbai, India and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
[4]. Gujrati, D.N. et al. (2013), Basic Econometrics, Fifth Edition, Me Graw Hill Education (Indian) Private Limited.
[5]. Lahiri, S., Hazra, A. & Singh, A. (2011), "Sex-Differential in Childhood Mortality in Punjab and Haryana – are they reality?" Journal of population studies, no. 43, pp. 71-98.

Abstract: Presently sustainability of fashion in the worldwide is the major considerable issue. The much talked concern is for the favor of fashion's sustainability around the world. Many organizations and fashion conscious personalities have come forward to uphold the further extension of the campaign of good environment for tomorrows. On the other hand, fashion for the morality or ethical issues is one of the key concepts for the humanity and sustainability point of view. Main objectives of this study to justify the sustainability concern of fashion companies and their policy.

[1]. Anika Kozlowski, M. B. (2012). Environmental Impacts in the Fashion Industry. Journal of Corporate Citizenship , Pages 16-36.
[2]. C. Morais, C. C. (2011). A DESIGN TOOL TO IDENTIFY AND MEASURE THE PROFILE OF SUSTAINABLE CONSCIOUS FASHION. 150 Years of Innovation and Research in Textile Science (pp. Pages 388-393). Mulhouse, France: AUTEX.
[3]. Choi, H. P.‐Y.‐M. (2012). A Five‐R analysis for sustainable fashion supply chain management in Hong Kong: a case analysis. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 16 (2), 161-175.
[4]. Clive Barnett, P. C. (2005). Philosophy and Ethical Consumption. The Open University. London: The Ethical Consumer.
[5]. DeLong, K. R. (2011). A Consumer Vision for Sustainable Fashion Practice. The Journal of Design, Creative Process & the Fashion Industry, 3 (1), 63-83.
[6]. Finn, A. L. (2008). Fashion manufacturing in New Zealand : can design contribute to a sustainable fashion Industry? Auckland University of Technology.

Abstract: This research is a contribution and a piece of Da'wah work towards alleviating un-Islamic trends which include Magic and Witchcraft, Fortunetelling and superstitions. A detailed description of these un-Islamic trends was highlighted. The research also highlighted the prohibition of these issues in the light of the primary sources of Islam- Qur'an and Sunnah. Also the role of Da'wah of Shaykh Uthman bn Foduwe and other Muslim Scholars and religious organisations in their effort of educating the people on Islamic ideology and its practice, has aided the reformation of the people and its impact is felt in reducing the evils of Magic and Witchcraft, Fortunetelling and superstitions in Northern Nigeria. Similarly

[1]. Amin, Sheikho M. (nd) Unveiling the secrets of Magic and Magicians, Syria: Nour Al-Basheer Publishing house, P. 29.
[2]. Ibid.
[3]. Murray, James, A. H. (1993), Oxford Dictionary, Taunton, U.S.A: Rand Mc Wally and Company.
[4]. Lawal A. (2000) Riddah in Hausa Muslim Community: A Case Study of Kebbi State, Masters Dissertation, Department of Islamic Studies, Sokoto: Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Pp. 35-36.
[5]. GESCHIERE, P. (1997) The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, p. 137.

Abstract: This research is on the role of Da'wah in the introduction and spread of Islam in Hausaland (Northern Nigeria). The work of Da'wah has been carried out since in the 14th century C.E. to contemporary time in Hausaland. This research has highlighted that Da'wah work started as result of the activities of the visiting Muslim traders and scholars who introduce Islam to the people. Hausaland also witnessed the influx of Muslim traders and itinerant scholars who came from Mali to spread Islam. The work of spreading Islam was also made easier by the continuous arrival, at different intervals, of Muslim missionaries (Du'at) and traders who continue to guide the people.

[1]. Qur'an 16:125
[2]. Muhammad Ridwan, I. S., Iilam An-Nabawiy wa daurihi fi Khidmati al-Dawatil Islamiyyah, Mu'tamar al-Dawatil Islamiyati wa Mutaghayyiratil al-Asr, Kulliyati Usul al-Din, Jami'tul Islamiyati, Ghaza, 7-8/ 03 / 1426, 16-17th April, 2005, p. 8.
[3]. Hijab, M. M., Tajdid al-Khitab al-Diniy fi dau' al-waki' al-Muasir, Dar al-Fajr, Al-Qahira, 2004, p. 16.
[4]. Imam Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Trans. by Abdul-Hamid Siddiqi, Dar Al-Arabia publishers, Beirut, Lebanon, Vol. 1, Hadith No. 79, p. 81.
[5]. Abu Isah, Muhammad bin Isah at-Tirmidhi, Sunan at-Tirmidhi, Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1980/ 1400 A.H. Hadih No.193

Abstract: Gender bias in science classrooms has been and still continues to be a problem. This study was aimed to determine the influence of gender on academic performance of final year students in geography department, University of Maiduguri. A CGPA (Cumulative grade point average) of one hundred and eighty two (182) was collected, this include 156(85.7%) male and 26(14.7%) female. The findings of this study shows that there is significance influence between genders and academic performance of students in the department with highly statistical difference (t = 2.6662, df = 7, p = 0.0578, Confidence interval = 1.751879 20.44812 and sample estimated mean = 11.1). Therefore, parents, teachers, and counselors give higher level of expectations for female and encourage them, so that they will perform better in University level.

[1]. Aghenta J.A (1989). Access by Women to Scientific Studies and Technological Training In: Report of the National Workshop on Promoting Science, Technology, andMathematics among Girls and Women in Nigeria.Pp37-39. Ikuji-Lagos, Nigeria:Federal Ministry of Education (Women Education Branch).
[2]. Akinmade, C.T.O (1982). An Investigation of Attitude and Perceptions of Junior High School Students Towards Science Courses. Dissertation Abstract International Vol. 43, No.2, p.413.
[3]. American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. (1999). Gender gaps: Where schools still fail our children. New York: American Institutes for Research.
[4]. Betts, J. R. and Morell, D. (1999) The Determinants of Undergraduate Grade Point Average: The Relative Importance of Family Background, High School Resources, and Peer Group Effects, The Journal of Human Resources, 34, pp. 268-293.
[5]. Borde, S.F. 1998. Predictors of student academic performance in the introductory marketing course. Journal of Education for Business 73(5): 302-306.

Abstract: The paper analysed the impact of sexual harassment symptoms on the academic functioning of female college students. The findings derived from an earlier study which established the psychological, socio-emotional and physical states of female college students as a result of being sexually harassed formed the basis of the present study. The study was a desk or secondary research whereby relevant literature was interrogated to explore the effect of these states on students' academic functioning. The study found out that the symptoms of sexual harassment have a damaging effect on female students' academic functioning. The study recommends proactive actions like sexual harassment education to reduce sexual harassment occurrence as well as effective reactive counselling services for perpetrators so that crime of that nature is eliminated, and victims so that they are assisted to move on.

[1]. Arbona, C. & Nora, A. (2007) The influence of academic and environmental factors on Hispanic College degree attainment. The review of higher Education, Vol. 30, 3,247-269.
[2]. Aware (2008) Research study on workplace sexual harassment 2008. Singapore: aware.
[3]. Buboltz, W., Brown, F. & Soper, B. (2001) Sleep habits and patterns of college students: A preliminary study. Journal of American College Health, 50 (3), 131-135.
[4]. Cadena, C. (2007) 'Quid Pro Quo and the Hostile Environment – Two Types of Workplace Sexual Harassment' http://www.associatedcontent.com/artcle/261679/quid_pro_quo_the hostile-environment
[5]. Chen, X. & Li, B. S. (2000) Depressed mood in Chinese children: Development significance for social and school adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(4), 472-479.
[6]. Chronicle 31/07/04 'Lecturers in Illicit Love Affairs with Students' Dhlomo, T., Mugweni, R., Shoniwa, G., Maunganidze, L. & Sodi, T. (2012) Perceived sexual harassment among female students at a Zimbabwean institution of higher learning. Journal of Psychology in Africa. 22 (2), 127.

Abstract: Fernando Pessoa has several fictional characters who are claimed to be the authors of various collections of poetry gathered under his name. In the criticism, these are often seen as figures substituted for himself, while the poems which are not attributed to any of these fictional characters are treated as his own direct speech actions without subterfuge. This is in line with the conventions that have been dominant in discussions of literature, either to start from the author or from what Edward Said calls the 'social and economic outside facts'.

[1]. Aristotle. On the Art of Poetry.Trans. Ingram Bywater. www.gutenberg.org, 2009.
[2]. Aristotle. Peri Poiêtikês. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Aristot.+Poet.+1462b
[3]. Barthes, Roland. Writhing Degree Zero, Barthes: Selected Writings, ed. S. Sontag, Oxford, 1953/81
[4]. Benveniste, Emile. Problems of General Linguistics. Miami: University of Miami Press, 1971. PDF.
[5]. Berkeley Neo-Baroque Gang of One. Fernando Pessoa: Alberto Caeiro: Complete Poems.2006. Web.

Abstract: The paper analyses Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) as a social policy instrument. Mupfurudzi Farm in Shamva district was used as a case study. Five tasks of the Transformative Social Policy Framework (TSPF) were analysed in a single study. These are production, protection, social reproduction, redistribution and social cohesion/nation building. Analysing and improving the transformative role of the land and agrarian reforms in Zimbabwe is the aim of the study. The study shows that prime land is a key social, economic and political resource whose ownership and use improves the wellbeing of the beneficiaries. However, the study also points to various hurdles to greater transformation.

[1]. Adesina, J. (2007). Social Policy in sub-Saharan African Context: In Search of Inclusive Development. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
[2]. Adesina, J. (2009). 'Social Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: a glance in the rear-view mirror'. International Journal of Social Welfare, 18: S37-S51.
[3]. Adesina, J. (2010). Return to a Wider Vision of Development: Social Policy in Reframing a New Agenda. Keynote Address delivered at the 48th Session of the UN Commission for Social Development (3 February). New York: UN Headquarters.
[4]. African Institute for Agrarian Studies: Baseline Survey. (2009). Fast Track Land Reform Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe: Trends and Tendencies. Harare: African Institute for Agrarian Studies.

Abstract: This article assesses the contribution of urban agriculture to food and nutritional security for local citizens in Epworth, Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe.Thestudy is guided by the hypothesis that urban agriculture practices have a positive impact on households' food and nutrition security. Data employed in this study were drawn both from primary and secondary sources. The questionnaire was the major primary data collection tool. Secondary data were drawn from a comprehensive review of literature using reports, articles, books and conference papers.The study employs the Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Index (HDDI) as proxy indicators of food consumption and they are also quantitative indicators of food insecurity.

[1]. Arku, G., Mkandawire, P., Aguda, N. and Kuuire, V. 2012. Africa's Quest for FoodSecurity: What is the Role of Urban Agriculture? Occasional paper presented to The African capacity Building Foundation. No 19
[2]. Baumgartner, B., Belevi, H. 2001. A systematic overview of urban agriculture in developing countries. EAWAG/SANDEC, Duebendorf, Switzerland
[3]. CSO, 2012 Central Statistical Office. 2012. http://www.zimstat.org
[4]. Dop, M. 2010. Food and nutrition security indicators: A review, FoodsecureWorking paper.05.
[5]. Drescher, A. W. and Mackel, R. 2000. Urban and Peri-Urban Food Security: The Example of Lusaka (Zambia), APT-Reports 11: Urbanization, Vulnerability and Resource Management in Developing Countries, Freiberg, Germany, pp56–79
[6]. FAO. 2007. Profitability and sustainability of urban and peri-urban agriculture.Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Occasional Paper. No 19

Abstract: Much scholarly work has been done in this research area, "youth unemployment and anti-social activities and their effects on socioeconomic development in Nigeria." A review of these works have their central tenets on causes and affects phenomena but failed to address the issues with empirical reality as their recommendations were not immersed in resource-based policy approaches. This paper addresses all the issues using a policy decision analytic graphical approach having four generic policy positions: optimistic or proactive, coping, opportunistic, and pragmatic

[1]. Administrator (2012). "Youth Restiveness and unemployment in Nigeria."The Advocates for theAdvancement of Youth Development Initiatives. Retrieved from:http://www.advocates4youth.org/index.php?option

Abstract:Population and Growth: Population may be simply defined as the head count of individuals in a defined geographical area at a particular time. It is like a still snapshot. The individuals in the definition can be human beings or any other being in the reference. But here we are concerned with the human population residing on the earth's surface. Population count is called as Census. In India Census takes place every tenth year. The first ever census was conducted in 1882. But, it was incomplete since it did not account for the complete population of India neither it was conducted synchronously. The first complete Census was conducted n the year1891 and since then it is held every decade......

[1]. Census of India (1988), Handbook of Population Statistics..
[2]. Census of India (1991), General Population Totals
[3]. Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1978), "The Biography of People: Past and Future Population Changes in Sweden, Conditions and Consequences" Sweden.