IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2015

Abstract: This study is aimed to know the differences of student achievement of those who take the course and those who do not take course in class XI IPS Methodist-7 Senior High School Medan in 2014/2015. This research is a kind of comparative research that the population is all the students of class XI IPS Methodist -7 Senior High School in 2014/2015,the population is consisted of one class with 38 students. The sample of this research is determined by doing census or a sample that is taken overall (population) with the number is 38 students, 23 of them are taking course and 15 aren't. Data collection tool in this research is in the form of secondary data (DKN)which is obtained from the school.

[1]. Jogiyanto. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis. Yogyakarta : BPFE - Yogyakarta.
[2]. Nazir. 2011. Metode Penelitian. Bogor : Ghalia Indonesia.
[3]. Nila, Ketut. dkk. 2008. Proses Bimbingan Dan Konseling Di Sekolah. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta
[4]. Prayitno. 2009. Dasar-dasar Bimbingan dan Konseling. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[5]. Slameto. 2010. Belajar dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
[6]. Sugiyono.2010. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R & D. Bandung : Alfabeta.

Abstract: India being a land of diversity has always attracted tourists'right from Megasthenes to Fa- Hien and Hien Tsang. But with time and increased rate of crime against foreign tourists particularly women, India's image in the world has been maligned. This has also contributed to a major fallout in arrival of foreigners in India which in turn also affects India's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Security has been one of the greatest concerns and thus the country needs to develop a proactive role to assume more responsibility in advocating protection of foreign tourist. Several measures should be generated so as to make India truly an incredible nation.

Keywords: GDP, Atithi Devo Bhava, FTA, DTV, UTs

[1]. tourism.gov.in
[2]. The New Indian Express
[3]. www.incredibleindia.org
[4]. India Tourism Statistics, 2011
[5]. The Times of India
[6]. blogs.wsj.com

Abstract: The ephemeral legal relationship between Africa and the International Criminal Court has yielded sour grapes. African states have grown a strong aversion to the court, accusing this institution of last instance of selective justice and an exclusive focus on Africa. The Darfur referral by the Security Council on President Omar Hassan Ahmad al Bashir has finally led to the severance of ties between the African Union and the ICC. With powerful and affluent states such as the United States of America, Russia and China not part to the Rome Statute and hence non-members of the ICC, the absence of African states will further jeopardise the existence of the court. The veto of prosecution which the Permanent Five (P5) possesses has been a bone of contention and a source of disgruntlement amongst many signatories, non-signatories and potential signatories to the Rome Statute.

1]. Adusei, A. 2012. "ICC Justice: The World Reacts". New African, April, p.24.
[2]. Bensouda, F. 2012. "We Are Not Targeting Africa". New African, March, p.21.
[3]. Carson, J. 2013. "What Western Envoys Said" News African, April, p.10
[4]. Cook, R. 2012. "The Politics of International Criminal Law".New African, March, p.29.
[5]. Desalegn, H. 2013. "The ICC: Out of Steam and Losing Credibility Fast!"New African, July, p.27.
[6]. Hoile, D. 2010. The ICC – Europe‟s Guantanamo Bay, London: Africa Research Centre.

Abstract: The term "Natural law" refers to principles about ultimate right and wrong that go beyond particular notions and cultures, which arises from the nature of human beings itself, or it may simply express the necessities for anything identifiable as a society. The usefulness of natural law is indeed indispensable for constitutional adjudication. Through this paper, the authors have discussed the relation between natural law and the Constitution. The authors have also asserted the necessity of "natural law" as a tool to provide meaning to various constitutional principles, as some of these clauses can be established, in their meaning, only by attaching them to the properties of a moral argument.

[1]. C.K.Allen, Legal Duties and Other Essays in Jurisprudence,111(Oxford, Clarendon Press ,1931);
[2]. H.Kelsen, What is Justice?,137 (University of California Press ,1934);
[3]. D.D. Basu, Human Rights in Constitutional Law, 48(Whadhwa Publication, Nagpur, 2nd edition,2003);
[4]. Earnest Barker, Greek Political Theory: Plato and His Predecessors, 86(London, 4th edition,1951);
[5]. Plato, The Republic (translated) by A.D.Lindsay,338( Everyman's Library, Book I, 1950);
[6]. Aristotle, Politics(translated) by E.Barker, 338(Oxford University Press, Book I,1946 )

Abstract: Whenever one talks about the perception towards life and death of a community, society or a race of people it is generally related to the religion or philosophy of that particular group. Japan is such a country which is often associated with death whether it is in form of its ritual suicides like harakiri and kamikaze or large number of deaths which occurred in the atomic bombing during the World War II or contemporarily, number of deaths occurring due to the natural calamities in the form of earthquakes, typhoons or tsunami. But when it comes to the question as to how do the Japanese perceive the life and death issues; surprisingly it is believed that an average Japanese does not think deeply about such issues.

[1]. Beasley W.G., "The Modern History of Japan", Redwood Burn Ltd, Great Britain, 1978
[2]. Choron Jacques, Death and Western Thought, New York: Collier, 1963.
[3]. Demerath N.J., Crossing the Gods: World Religions and Worldly Politics, Rutgers, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001.
[4]. Devos G.A., Socialization for Achievement: Essays on the cultural psychology of Japan, University of California Press, London, 1973.
[5]. Eiko Ikegami. Taming of the Samurai. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, England, 1995.

Abstract: Buss is the most prolific writer and theorist in the psychology of temperament. Buss took upon the very basic temperament trait: aggression. The behavior relevant to personality can be analysed into their components. There are several ways of partitioning particulars, each offering its own enlightenment. Recall that the content are of aggression will be used to provide concrete examples of the various distinctions among behaviours. A.H. Buss and M. Perry (1992) gave four types of aggression – anger, hostility, physical aggression and verbal aggression.

[1]. Buss,A.H. (1961). The psychology of Aggression, New York: Wiley.
[2]. Buss, A.H. (1991). The EAS theory of temperament. In J. Strelau & A. Angelitner (Eds.). Explanations in Temperament (pp. 43-60). London : Plenum.
[3]. Buss, A.H. (1995). Personality: Temperament, Social Behaviour, and the Self. The University of Texas at Austin, Laayn and Bacon.
[4]. Buss, D.M. (1995). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry, 6: 1-3.
[5]. Buss, A.H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory to assess different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343-348.
[6]. Buss, A.H., & Perry, M.(1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 63, 452-459.
[7]. Buss, A.H., and Plomin, R. (1975). A Temperament Theory of Personality Development. New York: Wiley.

Abstract: Language mirrors the society and for a better understanding of a writer's work especially, a literary text, language analysis is very important. This study sets out to analyse the text; Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again by Ola Rotimi using pragmatic tool of Speech Acts. There are different studies on this text but this study approached the text from the pragmatic point of view to underscore ideology and power relations in the text. Analysis of utterances using the locutionary, illocutionary and the perlocutionary acts revealed the language elements that dominate interaction situations in polygamous homes and in political gatherings of both educated and uneducated politicians.

[1]. PRIMARY SOURCE
[2]. Rotimi, O. (1999).Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again. Ibadan: University Press Plc. SECONDARY SOURCES
[3]. Atkinson, M. K. (1988). Foundations of General Linguistics (2nd Edition). London: Allen and Unwin.
[4]. Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[5]. Brown, G. & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6]. Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[7]. Grundy, P. (2000). Doing Pragmatics. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

Abstract: Neither in the history of human survival nor anywhere in this universe has any thought taken very tangible figure in the form of law. To deal with the starvation of lower class of Indians the National Food Security Bill which came through the ordinance is an implosives economic factor. The Food Security Bill cannot be passed just through the discussion in parliament; it is passed through the ordinance. It has also been destined by the politician as a trick.

[1]. The Food Security Bill, 2011: Key Provisions, India Law Journal, ISSN 0975-0606, Vol. 6, Issue I, Article 10, January – June, 2013 http://www.indialawjournal.com/volume6/issue_1/article10.html
[2]. Sinha D., Cost of Implementing the National Food Security Act, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XLVIII, No. 39, pp. 31-34, September 28, 2013
[3]. Press Note on Poverty Estimates, 2011-12, Government of India, Planning Commission, www.planningcommission.nic.in/news/pre_pov2307.pdf
[4]. http://www.planningcommission.nic.in/data/datatable/0904/comp_data0904.pdf
[5]. . Nair B.G., The National Food Security Act, 2011: An Opportunity Lost, Journal of Indian Law and Society, Vol. 3: Monsoon, Dec 2012, pp. 302-319

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the most popular sexual radio and TV programming amongst Nairobi City County public secondary school students. It examined these issues amongst 546, 13-20 year old respondents. This study was accomplished via quantitative and qualitative method. Five hundred and forty six questionnaires were administered and five focus group discussions conducted in five clusters of secondary schools in Nairobi City County. The study had two objectives: One, to find out the most popular radio and TV programs amongst Nairobi adolescents and Two, to find out which radio and TV programs have the highest sexual content according to Nairobi adolescents.

[1]. Abuto, E. (2013, June 22). Girls as young as 13 having sex in Kenya. Daily Nation, pg. 3.
[2]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M & Fishbein, M. (2011).A Model of adolescents' seeking of sexual content in their media choices. Journal of Sex Research, 48 (4): 309–315. Doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.497985.
[3]. Bleakley, A., Fishbein, M., Hennessy, M., Jordan, A., Chernin, A. & Stevens, R. (2009).
[4]. Developing respondent based multi-media measures of exposure to sexual content. Communication Methods Measures, 2(1-2): 43–64. doi:10.1080/19312450802063040.
[5]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2008). It works both ways: The relationship between exposure to sexual content in the media and adolescent sexual behavior. Media Psychology, 11, 443–461.
[6]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2011). Using the integrative model to explain how exposure to sexual to sexual media content influences adolescent sexual behaviour. Health Education Behaviour, 38, 530. DOI: 10.1177/1090198110385775.
[7]. Bowen, H. (2010), ‗Information at the grassroots: Analyzing the media use and communication

Abstract: Career growth demands an attitude shift in order to see beyond the obvious choice of advancement. Major aim of this study is to find out the level of career maturity of higher secondary school students. Career maturity has been conceived and constructed to measure the maturity of career attitudes and career competencies, that are critical in realistic career decision making. Survey method was used for this study and the study was conducted on a representative sample of 265 higher secondary school students of Malappuram district in Kerala. For collecting valuable and adequate data, career attitude scale and career competence test (Meera & Jumana, 2014) was used. For analyzing the data correlational analysis and test of significance of difference between mean (t-test) are used.

[1]. Kochar S.K, (1984) Educational and Vocational Guidance in Secondary School, New Delhi, Sterling.
[2]. Rao. V.K., (1999) Vocational Education, New Delhi: Rajat Publications Ball Ben (1984) Career Counsling in Practice London: The Falmer press.
[3]. Crites. O, John (1974) "Career Development Process: A Model of Vocational Maturity", Vocational Guidance and Human Development. Edited by Herr. L. Edwin, Boston: Houghton Miffin Company.
[4]. Nirmal Gupta (1992) Career Maturity Inventory Agra: National Psychological Corporation.
[5]. Super E (1971) Vocational Choice – Background Facts, The Encyclopedia of Education, Vol.9, Lee C. Deighton (ed) New York: The Mac million Company and the Free Press.

Abstract: This paper argues that hermeneutics is central in evangelism, that evangelism and contextualization are indispensable duo in the evangelization of Africa, it proposes that missiological hermeneutics is appropriate in this process. Contextualization did not take place in a vacuum but in cultures, culture as the defining medium for the gospel mediated its birth. Contextual hermeneutics involves more than one text, and one interpreter. In terms of contextualization, missions means affording every culture the opportunity to understand the gospel, irrespective of the difference in language.

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Abstract: Urban forestry is the trees and related vegetation in and around a city. Tree plantation is indispensable in an urban settlement and essential for landscape architecture. An over urbanized city like Kolkata, the trees are rapidly losing their existence. This can affect the environment and overall biodiversity. Proper and drastic action from municipal corporation, NGOs and other private agencies and improvement of public awareness can restore the existing greenery and increase it. Keywords: Kolkata, urban forest, parks and recreational area

[1]. Tewari,D.N., Forests Gardens Parks and Urban Environment, International Book Distribution, Dehradun.,( 1995).
[2]. Kuchelmeister. G ,Trees for the Urban millennium: urban Forestry update, Unasylva 200, vol. 51, Geomany, (2000).
[3]. Department of Environment, Report on the Status of Environment in West Bengal, Government of West Bengal, p. -225, (1998)
[4]. Directorate of Forest, State Forest Report, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, (2013-14).
[5]. Benthall, A.P., Trees of Calcutta and its Neighbourhood, Thacker Spink and Company Limited, London. (1933)
[6]. Goode, S.W., Municipal Calcutta- Its Institution in their Origin and Growth, The Corporation of Calcutta T and A Constable, Printers to his Majesty, Edinburgh. (1916).

Abstract: The rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) has been shown, in the extensive literature, to exist in developing countries in both rural and urban areas, among both females and males. This paper intends to provide a critical reflection on the use of ROSCAs in reducing poverty in local communities. It describes the different forms of informal and microfinance institutions, discusses the household poverty measure and, reviews the relationship between ROSCAs and poverty reduction. The paper argues that ROSCAs are likely to make a difference tolocal communities' welfare, measured as a change in the household consumption.

Keywords: Informal financial institutions, local community, poverty, rotating savings and credit associations

[1]. Fanta, Extending Group Based Financial Services to Rural Communities in Extreme Poverty, Nuru International, October 2013
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[3]. C Benda, Community Rotating Savings and Credit Associations as an agent of well-being: A Case Study from Northern Rwanda, Community Development Journal, Vol.48, No 2, 2013, 232-247
[4]. F.I. Kabuya, Microfinance Lecture Notes, University of Swaziland, First Semester 2014-15
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[6]. N. Yusuf, G. Ijaiya, and M. Ijaiya, Informal Financial Institutions and Poverty Reduction in the Informal Sector of Offa Town, Kwara State: A Study of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs), J. Soc. Sc., Vol. 20, Issue 1, 2009, 71-81

Abstract: This study observes the structure of marketing channel of agro-product produced in the Dumuria Upazila and sold in the areas like Sonadanga Bazar and Gollamari Bazar of Khulna District in the south-west region of Bangladesh. A total of 30 farmers and 30 intermediaries are selected randomly to trace the structure of marketing channel and existing problems in marketing of agro-products in the study area. Farmers market their product in Sonadanga Bazar and Gollamari Bazar through various intermediaries like faria, bepari, aratdar etc. Nasimon (locally made engine run three wheeler without roof) is the most common transport used by the farmers.

[1]. M. Abdullah, and M.R. Hossain, A New Cooperative Marketing Strategy for Agricultural Products in Bangladesh, World Review of Business Research, 3(3), 2013, 130-144.
[2]. BBS, Bangladesh Economic Review 2014 (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2014).
[3]. T. Jahan, Agricultural Marketing Management of Bangladesh, World Review of Business Research, 1(4), 2011, 53-65.
[4]. G. Dixie, Horticultural Marketing (Rome, Italy: Food and Agricultural Organization, 2005).
[5]. K.K. Islam, F. Takahiro, T. Masakazu, and S. Noriko, Marketing of Agroforestry Products in Bangladesh: A Value Chain Analysis, American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(4), 2014, 135-45.
[6]. H. Kindness, and A. Gordon, Agricultural marketing in developing countries: The role of NGOs and CBOs (University of Greenwich: Natural Resources Institute, 2001)

Abstract: This study sought to establish the socio-economic determiners of performance of SMEs in Gilgil town of Nakuru County, Kenya. It adopted a survey research design involving SMEs in Gilgil town. Questionnaires were used as research instruments to gather information on variables of interest. The target population of the study included the 400 SMEs in Gilgil town registered with the County Council of Nakuru in the year 2012 and thereafter a sample size of 196 (49%) SMEs owners were systematically selected as respondents for the study. Data collected was coded and analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer programme. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies while the qualitative data derived from open-ended questions was analyzed according to themes based on the study objectives and research questions and there after inferences and conclusions were drawn.

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