IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep-2015

Abstract: Literacy and Education is considered as the main driving force of development for a nation. According to Indian Census definition 'Literacy' means 'a person who can read and write a simple message in any language with understanding is considered literate'. The present paper focuses on the particular state of West Bengal and its districts to understand its Literacy condition. 74.04 % peoples are said to be literate in the country (2011 Census) and for West Bengal it is 77.08%. The Literacy rate and its growth in West Bengal is very close to national average since long past. But there is wide variation of literacy rate among different districts of West Bengal. The Southern districts, near to Metropolitan Kolkata exhibits higher rate of literacy on the otherhand the districts of North Bengal and Western Plateau region have lower literacy rate. This paper investigates the actual spatial pattern of general literacy along with Scheduled Caste and Tribe Literacy. Development (Change) of literacy form 2001 to 2011also differs from district to district. The paper tries to find out the reason and pattern of such disparities.

[1]. Adhikari, A. and Kamle. M. (2010), "Spatial Pattern of Education and Development in West Bengal" Annals of National Association of Geographers, Vol.-Xxx, No.-2, December-2010, P.55-67
[2]. Backward class welfare (B.C.W) department, Govt. Of West Bengal, Census summery 2001 & 2011
[3]. Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics Hand Book, 2004.
[4]. Bhatty, K. 1998. Educational Deprivation in India: A Survey of Field Investigation, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 27, 28 Debi, Sailabala 2001.
[5]. Census of India, 2001 and 2011. Office of the Register General of India. New Delhi.
[6]. Human Development Report of West Bengal, 2004. Development and Planning Department.
[7]. Jaglan, M.S. and Sindhu, Rajiv (2008), "Regional. Dimensions and Determinations and Determinants of Gender Disparity in Educational Attainment in Rural Haryana", Population Geography, Vol.30, No.122,Pp.45-46.

Abstract: Buchi Emecheta's novel, Second Class Citizen, presents an innovative pathway for examining the development of individuality and freedom when framed within Gendlin's postulation of 'carrying forward'. In this light, it reconceptualises the novel from its predominantly feminist interpretations to the notion of 'sociability' and the benefits it affords the characters who are able to carry forward their experience of relocation from their native Africa to new locations in the diaspora, in the form of freedom, individuality, choice and mobility. Consequently, even though Buchi Emecheta is known for her feminist stance in her books, the study focuses on her interpretation of the female taking hold of her inherited capital, that is, the resources she has as a woman, and using them to bridge into and onto a different level of society in the social hierarchy, and thus in general, investigates the possibility of social mobility through breaking out of ready-made modes of thinking and bonding by bridging into other forms of cultural and social capital. Key Words: Carrying forward, freedom, meaning-formation, metaphor, sociability.

[1]. Buchi, Emecheta, Second-Class Citizen (Johannesburg: Heinemann, 1974). [2]
[2]. Barry, Peter, Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1995). [2]
[3]. Bourdieu, Pierre, The Logic of Practice (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990). [3]
[4]. Wittgenstein L., Philosophical Investigations (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1953) [3]
[5]. Foucault, Michel, The Archaeology of Knowledge (London and New York: Routledge, 1972). [3]
[6]. Gendlin, E, "How Philosophy cannot appeal to experience, and how it can.‟ In "David Michael Levin, ed. Language Beyond Postmodernism (Evaston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997), 3-41. [3]

Abstract:Today tourism is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. Its high growth and development rates, considerable volumes of foreign currency inflows, infrastructural development and introduction of new management and educational experience activity affect various sectors of economy, which positively contribute to the social and economic development of the country as a whole.

[1]. Das, G. and Chakraborty, P. (2014) : Folk tourism at Araku Valley in Andhra Prades, Indian Journal of Landscape Systems and Ecological Studies, Kolkata, Vol-37, No.1, pp 23 - 29.
[2]. De, J. (2014) : Potential for Tourism Development in Hoogly Chinsurah Municipality, West Bengal, India, Indian Journal of Landscape System and Ecological Studies, Kolkata, Vol-37, No.1, pp 173 - 179.
[3]. Rai, K.A. (2012): Eco-tourism Development in Pench National Park Madhya Prodesh Geographical Review of India, Kolkata, Vol - 74, NO.2, pp 122 - 127.
[4]. http://business.mayes of India.com/tourism-industry/types/.
[5]. http://himalaya:ecocanth.com.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdg.EBHR-32-07.pdg.
[6]. http://i.word:com/idictionary/tourism.

Abstract: Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is an important American playwright where work occupies a significant place in the tradition of American literature. He has rich experience about life of the common man in America which get reflected in his plays. All My Sons (1947) and Death of Salesman (1949) reflected about married women in American society. In his early plays, by depicting major women characters like Kate Keller and Linda Loman as both wives and mothers according to the social condition and dominant cultural value. Miller exposes their bitterness and frustration in the traditional gender would by depicting them both victims and victimizer under the particular society..

[1]. Miller, Arthur. Arthur Miller‟s Collected Plays. Bombay: Allied publishers, 1973.
[2]. ……. All My Sons, New Delhi: OUP 2002.
Secondary sources:
[3]. Balakian, Janet N. "Beyond the male locker room" Death of a Salesman from a Feminist perspective. Ed. Mathew Roudane. Approach to reading Miller‟s Death of a Salesman New York: modern language association, 1995.pp.115-124
[4]. Miller, Arthur. Conversation with Arthur Miller. Ed. Mathew C. Roudance. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1987. pp.350-380.
[5]. Mottram, Eric. Arthur Miller: The Development of a Political Dramatist in America. New York Penguin, 1967.

Abstract: Knowing a language means to know how to produce and understand sentences with particular meanings. Semantics is the study of how languages organize and express meanings. It is the branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. Semantics is concerned with objective or general meaning and avoids trying to account for subjective or local meaning. This paper tries to critically evaluate what the semantics is; what are its major types; what it studies; what are its related fields; how semantic features analyze the meaning of meanings; How semantic roles classify the arguments of natural language predicates into a closed set of participant types; and how this subfield of linguistics can be applied in EFL classroom for better teaching learning process..

1] Crystal, D 2008, A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics (Sixth Edition), Blackwell, Oxford.
[2] Frawley, W 1992, Linguistic Semantics, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
[3] Hurford, J & Brendan, H 1983, Semantics: a course book, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[4] Johnson, D. D. & Pearson, P. D., 1984 Teaching reading vocabulary (2nd ed.), Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.
[5] Kreidler, C. W 1998, Introducing English semantics, Routledge, London.
[6] Lyons, J 1995, Linguistic semantics: an introduction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[7] Otto, N., Rudolf, C & Charles, M (Editors) 1955, International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Abstract: Domestic violence against women in Kashmir has been prevalent for a long time, but it is only in recent times that voices have been raised against it. Earlier it was considered a taboo to talk about such issues that happened 'behind closed door' or were a 'part' of married life , but the alarming increase in suicides and suicidal attempts has forced people to acknowledge the presence of this evil. Many a times, people blame the working culture of women as being one of the main causes of problems between spouses or partners as their leaving the homes is considered to give the women lofty ideas. This particular research was conducted to study whether there is any difference in domestic violence suffered by housewives and working women. The sample consisted of 80 women out of whom 40 were working and 40 were housewives. The women were identified from the Women's Police Station Ram Bagh..

[1]. Allen, C. M., & Straus, M. A. (1980). Resources, power, and husband-wife violence. In M. A. Straus & G. T. Hotaling (Eds.). The social causes of husband-wife violence (188-208). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
[2]. Bates Lisa M, Schuler Sidney Ruth, Islam Farzana, Islam Md Kairul (2004). Socioeconomic factors and processes associated with domestic violence in rural Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30(4), 190–199.
[3]. Coleman, K., & Straus, M. (1986). Marital power, conflict, and violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples. Violence and Victims 1, 141-157.
[4]. Dutton, D. G. (1995). Trauma symptoms and PTSD-like profiles in perpetrators of intimate abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8(2), 299-316.
[5]. Dutton, D. G., (2011). The traumatic origins of intimate rage. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, 4(4), 431-48.

Abstract: Music is a universal language and has been a powerful tool of influence on societies and cultures from time immemorial. As composer Felix Mendelson once remarked, "Music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions". In the words of musicologist David Tame:" Music is more than a language; it is the language of languages"

[1]. Eaton, David .2000. "The Influence of Music on Self and Society‟: International Conference on the Unity of Sciences in South Korea
[2]. http://www.syncrat.com/posts/5255/how-music-affects-society
[3]. Mary, Hicks Nicole.2007.How Music affects society: Syncra Publishers
[4]. Hussain Hamid. 2007. Sufism & Bhakti Movement: Eternal Relevance:ManakPublishers, New Delhi
[5]. Welch, Richard (Article). ‟Rock n Roll & Social Change‟, in History Today: Feb 1, 1990
[6]. Moskowitz, David, 1969 .The Words & Music of Bob Marley: Praeger Publishers
[7]. Dorsey, George .1998. Bob Marley. The Man &the Legend

Abstract: The basic rhythmic unit, which is set to a time measure called Tāla, is called 'Adavu'in most of the south Indian classical dances.Adavusare, therefore, the building units of pure dance, which is called Nritta.Nrittainvolves the movement of the main body organs,ancillary organs that can be moved easilyand minor organslocated in the head .Movements done in Adavususe all these three. The Kāvyas(poetic works) written in the south Indian language Kannada have description of dance, music and musical instruments in them. The Kannada Kāvyasare studied under three categories. JainaKāvya,VeerashaivaKāvya,and VaidikaKāvya.Studying them givestwofold view. The deep knowledge of the concerned poets about the triads (dance, music and musical instruments) and also the types of dances, music and the musical instruments prevalent during that time. Present day Adavu has taken many names and many forms over centuries. The aim of the paper is to trace the journey of the various terminologies used through history in Kannada poetic works starting from the 10th Century to the 17th Century, spanning seven centuries, in relation to the evolution of Adavu.

Key Words: Adavu, Kalasa, Urupu, Lagu and Tirupu..

[1] Manmohan Ghosh, AbhinayaDarpanam, (Calcutta, West Bengal, India: Manisha Granthalaya Pvt Ltd., 1997.)

[2] TV VenkatachalaShastri (editor), Pampa Samputa (Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Mallepuram G.Venkatesh, 2006.)

[3] Manmohan Ghosh (Translation),Natyasastra ascribed to Bharata Muni, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2007.)

[4] HampaNagarajaiah, R.V. Kulkarni (editors), NeminathaPuranam by Karnapraya, (Bangalore, Karnataka, India: Kannada SahityaParishad, 1981.)

[5] R. RangaramanujaAyyangar (Translation), SangeetaRatnakaram of "nissanka‟ Sarangadeva, Bombay, Maharashtra, India;Wilco Publishing House, 1978.)

[6] N. Basavaradhya (editor), DharmanathaPurana by BahubaliPandita, (Mysore, Karnataka, India: Institute of Kannada Studies, University of Mysore, 1975.)

[7] K.VasudevaSastri (editor), Bharatarnavam by Nandikeshwara, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India: Saraswathi Mahal Library Society, 1988.)

Abstract: The way women invest in high- level sports conforms to the role of national culture and the institutions that deal with these sports , which are and will always be stereotyped whenever female and male practice is available (Eccles § Harold,1991). Differently , high- level sports are invested by women whom some of them invested and succeeded in masculine -related sports (Lachheb,2013). This study deals with the identity relation between high- level Tunisian athletes in their practice of masculine- oriented sports .The method we adopted has two stages: 1)A quantitative approach which relies on the scale of masculinity/femininity of test-questionnaire MMPI and allows to position the psychological profile of high-level Tunisian athletes who are interested in male sports (N=56);.

[1]. Abbassi, D. (2007). Sport, légitimation politique et construction identitaire dans la Tunisie des années 2000. L‟Année du Maghreb, III, 409-426. [En ligne] depuis le 07 Juillet 2010, consulté le 01 November 2014. URL : http://anneemaghreb.revues.org/388 ; DOI :10.4000/anneemaghreb.388
[2]. Ammar, A. (2006). Le déterminisme dans la pensée arabe : Aspects historico-culturels et psychologiques. In R. Ben Rejeb (Eds.). Destin, discours et société (pp.43-65). Tunis : Centre de Publication Universitaire.
[3]. Anderson, K-L. (1999). Snowboarding: The Construction of Gender in an Emerging Sport. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 23(1), 55-79.
[4]. Archambault, F. (2004). Les significations et les dimensions sociales du sport. Sport et identité nationale. In P. Tronquoy (Eds.), Cahiers Français, 320, sport et société (pp.38-42).
[5]. Baillette, F. (1999). La mâle donne. In F. Baillette et P. Liotard (Eds.), Sport et virilisme (pp.45-57). Montpellier : Quasimodo & Fils.
[6]. Barreau, J.M. (2002). Les femmes, le sport et les conservateurs : conservateurs d‟orient, conservateurs d‟occident. Femmes et sport dans les pays méditerranéens. Actes de colloque Euro-méditerranéen (Antibes- France), 23-25. Novembre2000, 261-264.

Abstract: The principal focus of this paper is linguistic description of the rhetoric. Rhetoric presupposes a persuasive speech effect on the audience by the speaker. This study investigated the existence of linguistic features that constitute meaning and persuasion in rhetoric, specifically in Barack Obama's political speeches. The study shows that there is existence of certain linguistic devices that are used in the art of persuasion. Even sound patterns, that have largely been considered and studied as poetic devices, are invaluable persuasive strategies. Obama relies immensely on such linguistic devices to provoke his audience's interest and to emphasize his vision for America.

Keywords: Barack Obama, graphology, linguistic description, rhetoric, speech

[1] Bradford, R. (1997). Stylistics. New York: Routledge.

[2] Corbett, E. (1990). Classical rhetoric for the modern student. New York: Oxford University Press.

[3] Charteris-Black, J. (2005). Politicians and rhetoric: the persuasive power of metaphor. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

[4] Dong, Q. (2008). English stylistics: a new course book. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research.

[5] Devardhi et al. (2013). Stylistics analysis based on formalism. Eliteresearch of education and review, 1(2), 6-11. Retrieved July 18, 2013, from www. eliteresearchjournals.org/erjer/index.htm

[6] Widdowson, H.G. (1996). Stylistics: An approach to stylistic analysis. In the stylistic reader: From Roman Jakobson to the present (ed.). J.J. Weber, London: Arnold.

Abstract: The Special Program for the Employment of Students (SPES) is a nationwide government project in the Philippines that aims to encourage students to pursue their education by securing jobs and compensation. In the case of the City of Manila, the MYDWB or the Manila Youth Development and Welfare Bureau is the one handling the applications and the implementation of the SPES. This paper analyzes the importance and the effectiveness of the program using Anthony Giddens' Theory of Structuration (1979) and Deepa Narayan's Empowerment Framework (2005). Structuration was used here to identify how the structure of the program allows and or hinders the efficiency of the program as viewed by Giddens as both enabling and disabling. Through this, we will be able to know how the beneficiaries of the program were enabled by the structure of the program.

[1]. Christens, B. and Andrew Peterson. 2012. The Role of Empowerment in Youth Development: A study of Sociopolitical Control as Mediator of Ecological Systems' Influence on Developmental Outcomes. J Youth Adolescence. Vol.41. Pp. 623-635.
[2]. Congress of the Philippines. 1992. Republic Act 7323: An Act to Help Poor But Deserving Students Pursue Their Education By Encouraging Their Employment During Summer and/or Christmas Vacations, Through Incentives Granted to Employers, Allowing Them to Pay Only Sixty Per Centum of their Salaries or Wages and the Forth Per Centum Through Education Vouchers to be Paid by the Government, Prohibiting and Penalizing the Filing of Fraudulent or Fictitious Claims and for Other Purposes.
[3]. Congress of the Philippines. 2009. Republic Act 9547: An Act Strengthening and Expanding the Coverage of the Special Program for the Employment of Students Amending for the Purpose Provisions of R.A. No. 7323 Otherwise Known as the Special Program for the Employment of Students.
[4]. De Leon, H. 2008. Article II, Sec. 13: The State Recognizes the Role of the Youth in Nation Building. In Textbook on the Philippine Constitution. Rex Bookstore.
[5]. Earnshaw, O. 2014.Learning To Be A Child: A Conceptual Analysis of Youth Empowerment.Educational and Child Psychology.The British Psychological Society.Vol.31(1). Pp. 13-21.

Abstract: The co-operative movement has registered tremendous growth as people realize the need of joined effort aimed at improving their livelihood. The concept of co-operation has been there for a long time among communities but was formalized by the Rochdale pioneers who in 1844 formed the first modern form of co-operative. Although many co-operative enterprises have been formed based on this model, there in need to investigate whether it brings benefits to its members or if there has been a change in its mode of application. This study therefore investigates on the relevance of co-operative enterprises and whether these organizations uphold the original principles of co-operation or are evolving to other types of business enterprises. The study relies on secondary data as reviewed by scholars, county government reports on co-operative management and different reports during Annual General Meeting of co-operative enterprises..

[1]. Government of Kenya. (2011). Sessional Paper NO. 5 of 2011 on Expanding the Enabling Environment for Sustainable Co-operative Development. Government Printer: Nairobi.
[2]. Kibanga, M., & Maina, T.H. (2004). Cooperative Management in Developing Countries.Mansfield Management Services: Nairobi.
[3]. Manyara, K. M.(2004). Co-operative Law in Kenya. Rock Graphics: Nairobi.Roy, P.E. (1981).
[4]. Manyara, K.M. (2006). Co-operative Tribunal of Kenya. Rock Graphics: Nairobi.
[5]. Mugenda , G.A.(2013). Qualitative Research Methods. Applied Research and Training Services: Nairobi.
[6]. Oso, W.Y., & Onen, D. (2009). A General Guide to Writing Research Proposal and Report.

Abstract:This study used a qualitative method to investigate motivational and contextual factors predicating Nairobi City County public secondary school students' seeking out sexual radio and TV content. It examined these issues amongst 546, 13-20 year old respondents. Data were collected through focus group discussions conducted in five clusters of secondary schools in Nairobi City County. Results indicated that adolescents sought sexual radio to learn and sexual TV content for companionship. The bedroom was the context most associated with higher levels of sexual radio and TV content exposure. By youths' descriptions, parents employed a wide range of strategies to mediate their children's radio and television usage. They themselves suggested many broad relational strategies for mitigating the influence of sexual media content on adolescents.
Key words: Sexual content, motivations, parental monitoring, social context, users' gratifications, sexual socialization

[1]. Abuto, E. (2013, June 22). Girls as young as 13 having sex in Kenya. Daily Nation, pg. 3.
[2]. Bastien, S., Kajula, U & Muhwezi, W.W. (2011). A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health .8: 25. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-8-25.
[3]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M & Fishbein, M. (2011).A Model of adolescents‟ seeking of sexual content in their media choices. Journal of Sex Research, 48 (4): 309–315. Doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.497985.
[4]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2008). It works both ways: The relationship between exposure to sexual content in the media and adolescent sexual behavior. Media Psychology, 11, 443–461.
[5]. Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2011). Using the integrative model to explain how exposure to sexual to sexual media content influences adolescent sexual behaviour. Health Education Behaviour, 38, 530. DOI: 10.1177/1090198110385775.
[6]. Bowen, H. (2010), "Information at the grassroots: Analyzing the media use and communication habits of Kenyans to support effective development,‟ research report prepared InterMedia, African Development Research Series, London, U.K.,

Abstract: Music, by nature is a dynamic embellishment. But, it is the innate embellishments present within the art form and the artiste, makes it appreciable to a large audience. Alamkara (Fore-runners of Gamaka) and Gamaka (Certain melodic embellishment in the voice which is aesthetic to the aesthete) are the codified embellishments as per Sanskrit lexicons. These are not units in themselves but they are Unifying Forces. It is interesting that the mnemonic syllables (Abstract sound rhetoric units) emanated from percussion instruments which by nature are abstract units of sound phonemes perfectly synchronize with the diffused elements such as Alamkara and Gamaka. While summing up the thirty three Alamkaras of Bharata as per the treatise Natya Shastra, the "Tension-Retention Concept" discussed in the paper proves the above statement. Keywords: Alamkara, Gamaka, Mnemonic Syllables, Music, Natya Shastra, Nuances, Percussion, Sangitaratnakara..

[1] Subrahmanyam Padma, Karanas: Common Dance Codes of India and Indonesia (Tamil Nadu: Nrithyodaya Publications, 2003)

[2] Shringy R K, Sangitaratnakara of Sarngadeva (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2007)

[3] Unni N P, Natyasastra: A text with Introduction, English translation and indices (New Delhi: NBBC Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd, 2014)

[4] Ghosh Manmohan, The Natyasastra (Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2007)

Abstract: The quality of management at the institutional level continues to be a major concern of the Ministry of Education in Kenya. This is because the quality of the school largely depends on its leadership. It is on bases of the above assumption that this study set out to investigate the hindrances of secondary school principals to effective management of public secondary schools in Gatundu North, Kenya. To accomplish this task survey method was used in conducting the study. A total of 13 schools out of 26 were selected comprising of 9 mixed secondary schools, 2 boys schools, and 2 girls secondary schools. Stratified random sampling technique and purposive sampling were employed to identify study sample. A questionnaire and interview were used for data collection.

[1]. Kerlinger F.N (1973). Foundations of Behavioural Research (3rd Edition). New York: Holt Rinehan and Winston Publisher.
[2]. Kenya Times 20th May 2001. Nairobi: Times Media.
[3]. Kombo & Tromp D.L.A. (2006). Proposal and Thesis Writing-A production: Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.
[4]. ____. (2004). Policy Guidelines for Appointment and Operation of BoGs for Secondary School
[5]. ____.(2006). A handbook on responsibilities in secondary schools. Nairobi: Government printer.
[6]. Mugenda O. M. and Mugenda A. G. (1999). Research Methods; Quantitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.

Abstract: The Handloom Industry is the most ancient cottage industry in India. The Indian handloom fabrics have been known for times immemorial for their beauty, excellence in design, texture and durability. Bengal handloom industry contributes a sustainable share in glorious Indian handloom craft floor. The excellence of TANGAIL cotton and silk sarees with extra warp and weft designs and also TANGAIL-JAMDANI sarees on cotton and silk are well accepted all over India. The Cooperative Societies have a major role in the movement of revival and development of Tangail Industry in Phulia. Among them Tangail Tantujibi Unnyan Samabay Samity is one of the pioneers in playing role of development in all aspect and to spread the flame of "PHULIA-TANGAIL" all over the country and abroad.

Key Words: Co operative Formation, Export & Import, Empowerment, Socio Economic Change

[1]. "District Wise List of Statutory Towns". Census of India 2001, Urban Frame. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
[2]. "Yahoo maps location of Phulia". Yahoo maps. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
[3]. "District Wise List of Statutory Towns ( Municipal Corporation,Municipality,Notified Area and Cantonment Board) , Census Towns and Outgrowths, West Bengal, 2001". Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
[4]. "List of Districts/C.D.Blocks/ Police Stations with Code No., Number of G.Ps and Number of Mouzas". Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
[5]. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16.

Abstract: In Njoro sub county Nakuru County. Kenya, women are the majority in co-operative society but they are fewer in the management of these economic enterprises. This is despite national and international efforts to change the state anchored by the 2010 Kenya Constitution that requires two-thirds gender representation. The international effort is grounded by Convention the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and article 9 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, guarantying comprehensive rights to women to participate in decision-making process at all levels.

[1]. Adedamola et, al. (2010).Gender Analysis of Political Participation in Nigeria: Journal of Law and Psychology. Vol. 2 (5).
[2]. Akin Aina, T. (1997). The state and civil society: Politics, government, and social organization in African cities. The Urban Challenge in Africa: Growth and Management of Its Large Cities (Mega-city) Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
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[4]. Alice Walker(1982), The Color purple.
[5]. Allen, J. V. (1972). "Sitting on a Man": Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women. Canadian Journal of African Studies, VI (ii).
[6]. Amaza, P.S.,P.V. Kwagbe, and A.A. Amos, (1999). Analysis of women participation in Agricultural Co-operatives: Case Study of Borno State, Nigeria. Annals of Borno.