IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2016

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the utilisation of the Internet by broadcast journalists in two states in Nigeria, namely Rivers and Bayelsa States. The survey method was employed to gather information from a sample of three hundred (300) broadcast journalists systematically selected from a total population of 601 radio and television broadcast journalists in the two states. In order to elicit relevant data for the study from the respondents, a 21-item questionnaire was used and the Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (KR-21) was used to establish reliability of the research instrument at 0.70.

[1]. Acharya, U, Pathak, T, Bhuwan K, Karki, B, Bhandari,R, Shrestha,U & Dahal, R(2012). On Internet Tools Used By Journalists Retrieved from http://research.butmedia.org
[2]. Acosta, S. A. (2004). Latin American Online Journalism: An Exploratory Web-Based Survey for Identifying International Trends in Print-Affiliated Sites. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved from http:// repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/18020/silvina_acosta.pdf?sequence=2
[3]. Arketi Web Watch Survey (2011). Inside B-to-B media usage of web 2.0. Retrieved from www.arketi.com.
[4]. Asak, M.O (2012). Impact of ICTs on broadcast journalism. Journal of African Contemporary Research, 7(1), 239 – 247.
[5]. Birbal, R and Taylor, M (2006). Log on it. England: Pearson Education Limited. Cassidy,W. P. (2007). Online news credibility: An examination of the perceptions of newspaper journalists. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(2), 478–498.

Abstract: Urbanization process is characterized by growth of towns and cities with expansion of functional base and a continuous shift of rural population to these areas. The present study is an analysis of the growth of cities in the context of developing countries where modern economic activities have led to the growing status of urban areas as centers of secondary and tertiary activities. It calls for a highly complex situation with profound impact on socio-cultural, economic and politico-administrative aspects of the developing world. The paper attempts to reveal the urban scenario in the context of the role of the United Nations.

Key words: urbanization, population ,development ,governance , economy

[1]. United Nation Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis. New York 94. NO. E.94 XIII. 7. p. 245.
[2]. United Nations: World Urbanization Prospects 2011 Revision, op. cit.
[3]. ibid.
[4]. UNESA, 1998. Global Urbanization; Towards Twenty First Century, op. cit. p. 56.
[5]. Urban places are identified in the countries of the world on the basis of population size, population decision, occupational pattern, functional characteristics. Discrepancies in definition are taken into account by the UN, while estimating the process. Indian Census Authorities have adopted a strict definition of what may be called, "Urban‟. Under this definition, fulfillment of the following criteria is necessary for a place to be designated as "Urban‟

Abstract: The research work looked at the role played by information, education and communication-IEC-in reducing maternal mortality in General Hospital Potiskum, Yobe state. The purpose of the study was to find out the existing policies, programmes and strategies used in reducing maternal mortality in the hospital, to assess the impact of information, education and communication-IEC- in reducing maternal mortality as well as mapping out some measures that will help in improving the maternal health in General Hospital, Potiskum. Data for the study was obtained qualitatively through questionnaire, in depth interview and documentary sources.

[1]. Adamu, A. (2011). "Advanced communication Research" Unpublished M.Sc/M. Phil/Ph.D Lecture note 9 Bayero University Kano.
[2]. African Union (2006), Conference of Ministers of Health, Maputo Plan of Action for the Operationalization of the Continental Policy, Framework for Sexual and- Reproductive Health and Rights 2007- 2010,
[3]. Alves, S.V.(2001). Maternal Mortality in Pernambuco, Brazil: What Has Changed in Ten Years? Reproductive Health Matters; 15(30) :
[4]. Brabrin B.J., Hakimi M., Pelletier D.,(2001). An Analysis of Anemia and Pregnancy-Related Maternal Mortality The Journal of Nutrition American Society for Nutritional Sciences
[5]. CRR and WARDC (2008), Broken Promises, Human Rights, and Maternal Death in Nigeria, Publications @ reprorights.org,

Abstract: Adolescence is a period of bio-psycho-social transition between childhood and adulthood. The Psychologist andsocial scientist pointed out thatthere issignificant growth and developments occurring both internal organs and external parts in this transitionperiod of adolescence such as bodily changes, Brain strength, mental maturityand social responsible behavior etc.On another side the adolescence are facing plenty of problems such as self-Identity, academic pressures and peers group problems.

[1]. DevendraAgochiya. (2010). Life Competencies for Adolescence . New Delhi : Sage publication India Pvt Ltd, B1/1-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura road, N ew Delhi-110044, India.
[2]. ElizabethB.Hurlock. (1981). Developmental Psychology-ALife-spanApproach (5th ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Edcation private Limited.
[3]. JaishreeS. Mehta. (2011). Child Development . Jaipur: Pointer Publisher, Jaipur 302003 (Raj.) India.
[4]. ParameswaranE. GandC. Beena. (2002). An Invitation to Psychology. Hyderabad: Neelkamal Publication Pvt. Ltd, Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad-500095. India .
[5]. Rajasenan Nair V. (2010). Life skills personality and leadership. Chennai: Department of Life skills Education, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Bheemanthangal, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu-602105 .
[6]. SharmaS.R. (2005). The Psychology of the Adolescence. New Delhi: Omson publications, T-7 Rajour Garden, New Delhi-110027

Abstract: The study was planned to investigate the relationship between suicide ideation and life satisfaction among adolescents. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS: Beck, Steer & Ranieri 1988) and Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS: Huebner, 1994) was applied on a sample of 489 adolescents (Boys: N=239 & Girls: N=250) drawn from the schools of Amritsar city affiliated with CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education). The results of the study revealed that girls as compared to boys have scored higher on Suicide Ideation whereas boys have scored higher than girls on different components of life satisfaction such as family, friends and living environment. The study also explored a negative relationship between Suicide Ideation and different dimensions such as family, friends, self, living environment as well as overall life satisfaction in both the genders.

Keywords: Suicide Ideation; Life Satisfaction; & Adolescents

[1]. Allison, S., Roeger, L., Martin, G., & Keeves, J. (2001). Gender differences in the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in young adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 498-503.
[2]. Arria, A. M., O‟Grady, K. E., Calderia, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Wilcox, H. C., & Wish E. D. (2009). Suicide ideation among college students: A multivariate analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 13, 230-246. doi:10.1080/13811110903044351
[3]. Au, A. C.Y., Lau, S., & Lee, M. T. Y. (2009). Suicide ideation and depression: The moderation effects of family cohesion and self concept. Adolescence, 44, 851-868.
[4]. Bakken, N., Gunter, W. (2012). Self-cutting and suicidal ideation among adolescents: Gender differences in the causes and correlates of self injury. Deviant Behaviour, 33(5), 339-356.

Abstract: Water shed Programme is a Boon to the farmers ,It Protects the land from desert atmosphere . It is the best programme for rain based areas farmers can store the water through various programme activities .cantoor Buildings ,checkdams ,tanks formation are the important activities in watershed programme. Poverty ,overpopulation desires of the upper classes show more effect on the atmoshphere. Macro Economic policies are also the cause for the problems of the environment of the country. DPAP,DDP have been implementing the watershed policies since 1987 on wards. Government of India has decided to implement the watershed programme through three programmes such as DPAP,DDP,IWDP etc. watershed associations ,committees ,organizing committees play to vital role to success the programme.

Key Words: Watershed, cantor Buildings, checkdams, Rainfall areas,DDP,DRDA,IWEP,Desert areas,Banjar lands

[1]. Janma Bhoomi Principles of Proceedings By Andhra Pradesh Govt.
[2]. A Report on Watershed Programme By DRDA ,Anantapur.
[3]. Proceedings of Watershed Development By Ministery of Rural Development ,Govt of India
[4]. A Report on Watershed Programme By DPO ,Anantapur.
[5]. A Report on Watershed Programme By Ministery of Agriculture ,Govt of Andhra Pradesh.

Abstract: The hand is the most preferable and resourceful part of the body for anthropometric measurement of hand length, breadth and indices. Hand index which is derived from hand dimensions can be used to estimate differences related to sex, age and race in forensic and legal sciences. The aim of the present study is to provide a statistical data of hand index in males and females. The hand breadth and hand length of 400 students (200 males and 200 females) between the ages of 18-25 years of SEGi University, Malaysia were measured using a vernier caliper. The hand index was calculated as the percentage of hand breadth over the hand length. The statistical data has been achieved by SPSS. The mean of right hand length (18.6471) and left hand length (18.6160) of male hand is higher than right hand length (16.9244) and left hand length (16.9411) of female. The right hand breadth of male (8.1630) and left hand breadth (8.0509) is much broader than the right hand breadth (7.2555) and left hand breadth (7.1052) of female.

[1]. V Waghmare, R Gaikwad, N Herekar. Estimation of the Stature from the Anthropometric Measurement of Hand Length. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. Volume 4 Number 2, 2010.
[2]. Olasunkanmi Salami Ismalia. Anthropometric Data of Hand, Foot and Ear of University Students in Nigeria. Leonardo Journal of Sciences. 15, Pg15-20.July-December 2009.
[3]. Hedge.S.Anthropometry and workspace design. [Online]Retrieved from: http://ergo human-carell.edu/student downloads/DEA 30pdfs/Anthro Design pdf 2011. [Accepted on 5 December 2011].
[4]. Soni,R. Ergonomics and Its Relationship with Anthropometry. [Online] Retrieved from: http://soni2006.hubpages.com/hub/ergonomics-and-anthropometry,2006. [Accessed on 23 October 2011 I.
[5]. Chandra, A., Chandna, P., Deswal, S...Analysis of Hand Anthropometric Dimensions of Male Industrial Workers of Haryana State, International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 242-256,2011.
[6]. Hall, I.G, Alsanson, J.K, Grpp, K.W&Slavather, A.M. . . . Handbook of Physical Measurement, 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press 2007.

Abstract: The issue of poor mother-daughter relationship is rarely discussed openly in mainstream culture. When we utter or think of the word "Mother" the thoughts and feelings that rise in our hearts and minds are of love, affection, care, understanding, selfless devotion and all that is soft and sweet and noble in human nature. Much has been written on this holy relation and much has been exposed. If we have traditional literature eulogizing this relationship, we also have literature that exposes the ground reality. There are feminists who believe that this relationship is also based on selfish motives and is shaped by the circumstances that dominate. Difficult Daughters by Manju Kapur is a novel which shows mother -daughter relationship in a new light. The present paper is an attempt to show that how daughters lose their way when they get no motherly support and so become "difficult‟.

[1]. Sharma, Aparajit and Kadam Sarita. "Depiction of Woman in Manju Kapur‟s Difficult Daughters‟ in Synthesis." Indian Journal of English Literature and Language. Vol.1. No. 2. June, 2009.
[2]. Sales Salvador, Dora. " The Memory of Desire in Manju Kapurs‟s Difficult Daughters: In Past and Future." Memory, Imagination and Desire. Ed. Constanza del Rio and Luis M. Heidelberg. 2004.
[3]. Rollason, Christopher. "Woman on the Margins: Manju Kapur‟s Difficult Daughters" in Indian Women‟s Writings in English. Ed. T.Sai Chandra Mouli and Jaydeep Sarangi. Delhi, 2008.
[4]. Kumar, Ashok. Novels of Manju Kapur: A Feministic Study. New Delhi,2010.

Abstract: The study was carried out in Aliero central market in Aliero local Government Area of kebbi state to examine the marketing of onion. It examined the socio-economic characteristics of onion marketers, profitability of onion marketing, market structure and performance of the market. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents through structured questionnaires supplemented with oral interviews to collect relevant data from the study .Descriptive statistics, gross margin, marketing margin and Gini co efficient were used to analyze the data. The result obtained showed that, all the onion marketers were males (100%) and 56.6% of them had Qur'an education.

[1]. Abdullahi, Y.A. (1986). Economic Growth and Social Equity in developing Countries, Califonia, Stanford University Press, 53-65 PP
[2]. Afolami, C.A (2000), Inter temporal and spatial pricing efficiency for maize in Nigeria. Moor Journal of Agricultural Research, VOl.1, No. Pp76-85.
[3]. Amans, M.K, Ahmed and J.Y. Tatock (1990), Storage losses in onion bulbs as affected by plant spacing nitrogen fertilization and date of sowing, Journal of horticultural Science, vol.1:1-7
[4]. Bressler R.G and kings R.A (1970), Market prices and international trade, (John Willey and Sons Inc), U.S.A
[5]. Chinyere, A.E. (1993), Economic Status and Women Involvement in Agriculture .A case study of Etiti Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 1(2& 3) 87- 89.

Abstract: Government expenditure and its implications on the Nigerian economy has been examined. The study's specific objectives were to examine the effect of recurrent expenditure on the growth of Nigeria economy and to examine the link between capital expenditure and the growth of Nigeria economy. In line with these objectives, secondary data were sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin and other relevant publication using the desk survey method. The exploratory and ex-post facto designs were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed using the ordinary least square multiple regression technique. Findings from the analysis revealed that recurrent expenditure had a significant relationship on the growth and development of Nigeria economy; capital expenditure had a significant effect on the growth and development of Nigeria economy and finally, aggregate expenditure had a positive impact on the growth of Nigerian economy.

[1]. Abdullah, H. A. (2010). The relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Admin. Science, 12(2), 173-191.
[2]. Cooray, A. (2009). Government expenditure, governance and economic growth, Comp. Econ. Stud, 51(3), 401-418.
[3]. Dalton, H. (1954). Principles of public finance, London: Macmillan.
[4]. Devarjan, S., Swaroop, V. & Zou, H. (2006). The composition of public expenditure and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 37, 313-344.
[5]. Ezirim, B. C. & Ofurum, G. O. (2003). Public expenditure growth and inflation in developed and less developed countries. Nigeria Business Social Rev, 2, 75-94.
[6]. Fatas, A. J., Hagen, A., Hughes, H. A, Siebert, R. & Strauch, R. (2003). Stability and growth in Europe: Towards a better pact, Centre for Economic Policy Research.

Abstract: The purposes of this research are to identify the tourism potential and discuss the development concept of floating market tourism in Lok Baintan, South Kalimantan. Field survey was conducted at Lok Baintan floating market and its surrounding area through direct observation, documentation and mapping sites location. The acquisition of coordinates position of potential tourism attraction spots was done by direct measurement on the field using GPS/Global Positioning System. Secondary data was obtained from relevant resources and agencies. This research found some potential tourism object on Lok Baintan floating market, ranging from natural to cultural objects.

[1] B. Epler, Tourism, the economy, population growth, and conservation in Galapagos (Charles Darwin Foundation, 2007).
[2] Z. Liu, Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of sustainable tourism, 11(6), 2003, 459-475.

[3] E. Inskeep, Tourism planning: an integrated and sustainable development approach (Van Nostrand Reinhol, 1991).

[4] CA. Gunn and T. Var, Tourism planning: Basics, concepts, cases (Psychology Press, 2002).

[5] R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood and A. Rabinowitz, People and wildlife, conflict or co-existence? (Cambridge University Press, 2005).

[6] B. McKercher, HD. Cros, and RB. McKercher, Cultural tourism: the partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management (Haworth Hospitality Press, 2002).

Abstract: One of the intrinsic instincts of human being is the desire of being free which sense makes them distinct from other animals. The State is on legal obligation to maintain, protect and promote them according to law. 'Freedom of Thought and Expression' and 'Right to Privacy' both are guaranteed by the Constitution of Bangladesh. As an emerging democratic country it bears more importance for the progress of democratic process and culture. Section-57 of the ICT Act, 2006 deals with Punishment for publishing fake, obscene or defaming information in electronic form, in appearance mostly contradictory with 'freedom of thought and expression' whereas under this section' right to privacy' is highly focused bearing huge ambiguity therewith. In the era of information and technology right to privacy how much should be protected and possible to protect and maintenance is rational in real life, there should have minimum parameter and guidelines in law. Considering the reality removing ambiguity of the section for minimizing the suffering of mass people in enforcement of it is the demand of time. This article is on the ways to come out from these dilemmas.

Keywords: Right to Thought, Freedom of Expression, Right to Privacy, Ambiguity of Law, Law Enforcement.

[1]. Alam, Advocate Mohammad Jahangir, Understanding Cyber Law in Bangladesh, Bangladesh, University Publications, Dhaka, 2013. [2]. BAIL II: [1993] ECHR 20.
[3]. Bangladesh v H. M Ershad, 52 DLR (AD) 162 [4]. Wicks, Elizabeth; Bernadette Rainey and Clare Ovey, White and Ovey: the Eurpean Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 334.
[5]. Halim, Barrister Abdul, Constitution Constitutional Law and Politics: Bangladesh Perspective, CCB, Dhaka, 1998.
[6]. Human Rights Committee 102nd session Geneva, 11-29 July, 2011 General comment No. 34
[7]. Human Rights Committee, 32nd session Adopted: 8 April 1988, General Comment No.16
[8]. http://documents.routledge interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/9781138793934/A2/Mill/MillTruth.pdf, last date of access 19/11/2015>>
[9]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_privacy, last acceded 13.10.2015.

Abstract: In Petals of Blood, Ngugi's fourth novel, he deals with the issues plaguing post-colonial Kenya. He narrates how the fruits of Independence have been monopolized by the neo-colonial elites, in collusion with the capitalist interests. He critiques the colonial historical narrative and justifies the urgency of rewriting national history. For him no revolution is ultimate in guaranteeing an exploitation free society. It is only through a ceaseless struggle that the Post-colonial Kenyans can resist neo-colonial domination and true freedom. Petals of Blood bears a testimony to his notion of history in Post-colonial Kenya.

Keywords: struggle, Uhuru, neo-colonial, historical change, alienation

[1]. Ngugi wa Thiongo‟o. (1977). Petals of Blood. London: Heinemann.
[2]. Palmer, Eustache. (1979). Ngugi‟s Petals of Blood. In E. D. Jones, ed. African Literature Today, Vol- 10, London: Heinemann.
[3]. Ngugi wa Thiongo‟o. (1993). In Moi‟s Kenya, History is Subversive. In Moving the Centre, The Struggle for Cultural Freedom, Potsmouth, N.H: Heinemann, pp. 96-101.
[4]. Mamadu, Ayo. (1988). Tracing a Winding Stair: Ngugi‟s Narrative Methods in Petals of Blood. In World Literature Written in English. Vol. 28, No.1, pp.16-25.

Abstract: An aspect little studied by the historiography regards to the role that the scientific expeditions played to the Science History. These expeditions gave a glance of the Brazilian way of living and specially of the captaincy of Espírito Santo to Europe and helped to build the Brazilian social representations by Europeans, while they set up a notion about the imaginary and how people worked to tame the land and turn it as their needs. Upcoming the science at a contextualized point of view, the purpose of this paper is to present a panel of scientific expeditions undertaken to the Espírito Santo Capitaincy from the sixteenth century to the late nineteenth century, by imperial times, and, in this approach, to highlight the ideological reasons of the mechanisms that led to the occurrence of such expeditions. After the analyses of the travel reports and narratives produced, we realized that the Brazilian Science History was based on the European point of view which influenced the constitution of its cultural diversity. Maybe many of the prejudice against Brazil that has still existed until today originated from these expeditions. Keywords: Cultural diversity, Scientific expeditions, social representations, Travel Narratives

[1] M. FETZ, Expedições científicas no século XIX: o universo da ciência e a diversidade cultural, Cadernos de Campo, 20, 2011, p 39 – 54 [2] A.M. BELLUZZO, A propósito do Brasil dos viajantes. Revista USP, 30, junho – ago, 1996 p. 8 – 19,

[3] P. J. WHITEHEAD, and M. BOESEMAN, Um retrato do Brasil Holandês do Século XVII. Animais, plantas e gente pelos artistas Johan Mauritz de Nassau. (Rio de Janeiro: Kosmos, 1989)

[4] E.A. RUIZ, Expedições científicas, descobrimentos geográficos e expansão política: Os Estados Unidos e a América Latina no Século XIX. Geosul, n.2 ago-dez, 1986, p. 79 – 93

[5] A. M. BELLUZZO, O Brasil dos Viajantes (São Paulo: Metalivros, 1994) [6] J. McGUIRE and B. TUCHANSKA. Da ciência descontextualizada à ciência no contexto social e histórico. Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência, Rio de Janeiro, v. 6, n. 2, 2013, p. 151-182

Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a prevalent, chronic, and pervasive childhood disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate activity level, impulsivity, and inability to sustain attention and concentration. The sample chosen for the present study consisted of 40 parents having young children (0-5 yrs) and 65 anganwadi teachers through purposive sampling. The study was conducted to Enlighten Anganwadi teachers and Parents of preschoolers on Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. The remote areas of Ernakulam district (Kadavanthra, Kaloor and Perumpalam) was chosen for the study. The sample chosen for the present study consisted of 40 parents having young children (0-5 yrs) and 65 anganwadi teachers through purposive sampling.

[1]. Achenbach T.M, D. L. (2003). Abnormal child psychology. [2]. Armstrong R, W. E. (2008). Reviews in Health Promotion and Public Health. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
[3]. Barkley R.A, F. M, et al. (2002). Abnormal psychology. The persistence of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. [4]. Barkley R.A. (1998). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guildford Press.
[5]. Barkley R.A. (1990). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. Guilford Press, New York.
[6]. Barkley R.A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Guilford, New York: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment.