IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2016

Abstract: The political culture of thuggery with increasing massive youth involvement in Nigeria in the present democratic dispensation seems to have come to stay. The situation is worrisome and alarming especially as it indicates that the state is turning out anti-social and criminally oriented youths instead of credible youths with integrity. This has serious implications for Nigeria's development and democracy. In recent times, majority of Nigeria's politicians, some of whom occupy/play the role of political godfathers do not participate in politics with the desire to improve the living conditions of the Nigerian people. Rather they enter into politics with the desire to make themselves known or popular.

[1]. Abikhuale, S.O and Tor-Anyin, S.A. (2013). Political thuggery and security in Benue state: Counseling Intervention Journal Vol. 11 (1) June 2013 ISSN 1596-8308
[2]. Adebanwi, W. (2004). Democracy and violence: The challenges of communal clashes, In Agbaje A.A.R. et al (eds) Nigeria‟s struggle for democracy and good governance (p. 327-378) Ibadan. Ibadan University press
[3]. Afrobarometen (2006). Performance and legitimacy in Nigeria‟s New Democracy. Afrobaromete Briefing paper No 46 July.
[4]. Akintunde, D.O. (2001). African culture and the Quest for women‟s right Lagos: Sefer Books Limited
[5]. Albet, I.O. (2005). Explaining Godfatherism in Nigerian politics, In African Sociological Review 9 (2) 79-105
[6]. Ali, A.S. (2014). Drug Abuse and Political Thuggery Among the Youth in Kano Metropolis: A Modern Civilization or Resource Mismanagement, In Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2222-2718.

Abstract: Peer pressure is a reoccurring phenomenon in criminal or deviant behaviour especially, as it pertains to adolescents. It may begin in early childhood of about 5years and increase through childhood to become more intense in adolescence years. This paper examines how peer pressure is present in adolescents and how it may influence or create the leverage to non-conformity to societal norms and laws. The paper analyses the process and occurrence of peer influence and pressure on individuals and groups within the framework of the social learning and the social control theories.

[1]. Ahigren, A. Norem, A. Hochauser, M. and Garvin, J. (1982). Anticedents of Smoking Among Pre-Adolescent. Journal of Drug Education, 12, 325-340
[2]. Akers, R. and Lee, G. (1996). A longitudinal Test of Social Learning, Adolescent Smoking. Journal of Drug Abuse, 26, 317 – 343
[3]. Allen M, Donohuc W.A, Griffin A, Ryan and Turner M.M. (2003). Comparing the influence of Parents and Peers on the Choice to use Drugs, A Meta-Analytic Retrieved from: http://www.sagepublicationscom10.1177/0093854802251002
[4]. Asch, S.E. (1951). 'Effects of Group Pressure Upon the Modification of Judgments' In Guetzkow (ed.) Groups, Leadership and Men, U.S. Office of Naval Research, Carnage Institute of Technology Pitts Burgh.
[5]. Baride, N.D. (2013). "The Derided Parental Separation and the Upbringing of Children in Nigeria' In Nigerian South-South Journal of Social Studies and Civic Education Vol. 8 (6) April 2013. Pp 57-65

Abstract: Suicide‟ (felo de se) which means deliberate termination of one‟s own physical existence or self-murder, is distinctly a human act. Suicide knows no barriers of race, religion, caste or sex as it appears in all societies from earliest times. Throughout history, suicide has been condemned by various societies. Since the Middle-Ages, society has used first the canonic and later the criminal law to combat suicide. In India, suicide per se is not a crime but attempted suicide under Section 309, Indian Penal Code and abetment of suicide under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code are.

1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide. (accessed on 9thJuly 2015)
[2]. Ibid.
[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide-(book).
[4]. P.S.A.Pillai, Criminal Law, 9th Edition, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths5Ibid.
[5]. Ibid.
[6]. (1912)14BomLR146
[7]. 1884 ILR 8Mad 5

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to examine the socio-economic determinants of women working status among the Tiwa tribe in Morigaon and Nagaon districts of Assam in North East India and suggest necessary measures to the policy makers to raise women participation in labour market. This study is based on primary data collected randomly with the help of a well structured questionnaire from 442 households of selected fourteen villages of the two districts. Besides descriptive statistics, here we use the Logistic Regression in order to determine important socio-economic determinants of working status of Tiwa women.

[1]. Das, M., (2012).Tribal Women of Assam: A Social Geographical Perspective. Guwahati: EBH Publishers.

[2]. Kar, B.K.,(2002). Women Population of North East India: A Study in Gender Geography, Regency Publications, New Delhi, pp 68-69.

[3]. International Monetary Fund,(2013). "Women, Work, and the Economy: Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity," IMF Staff Discussion Note 13/10, September 2013.

[4]. Bordoloi, D.,(2014). "Tiwa Women and their Participation in Economic Development: A Case Study on Kandali Mouza of Nagaon District in Assam." In Ranjit Bordoloi (ed.), SOGRASAL: 353-354.Morigaon: Brikshya Press and Publication.

[5]. Bordoloi, B.N., Sharma Thakur, G.C. & Saikia, M.C.(1987). Tribes of Assam, Part I, Guwahati: Tribal Research Institute.

[6]. Mazumdar, S., & Guruswamy, M. (2006). "Women Labour Force Participation in Kerala: Problems and Prospects" Paper presentation at Annual Meeting on Population Association of America, California, March 30 – April 1, 2006

Abstract: As we venture into the dawn of the new millennium, adolescent development has Emerged as a major area of psychological research. Adolescents have long been regarded as a group of people who are searching for themselves to find some form of identity and meaning in their lives (Erickson, 1968). They have also been regarded as a unique group with a wide range of difficulties and problems in their transition to adulthood.

[1]. Anderson, J., Durston. B.H. and Poole, M. (1970) : ―Thesis and Assignment Writting‖, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited.
[2]. Asthana, B. ―Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education‖, Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra-
[3]. Best, J.W. and Khan, J.V. (1995), ―Research in Education‖, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
[4]. Chutia Manju,(2012)"Emotional Intelligence among the School Going Adolescents ofGreater Guwahati‖
[5]. Das Archana(2010) ―Effects of personality on emotional intelligence between Professional and Non-professional students: Some exploratory evidence‖

Abstract: सर्व्वेषमां धर्म्माणमां ्ूलनीतयाः सत्य्हहांसमसदमचमरमदयाः । कुत्रमहि कहम्न्नहि धर्म्े हननघषाणमदीनमां मथमनां नमहमत । ाऄहधकमांशेषु धर्म्ेषु ाइश्वराः जगत्र􀄶म जीवमनमां रक्षकाः ाआत्युच्यते । वयां िश्चम्ाः यत् सर्व्वे हवहवधधर्म्ीयमाः ्नुषयमाः एकमयम्ेव िृहथर्व्यमां वसम्ाः । ाऄताः हवहवधमाः ाइश्वरमाःहवहवधधर्म्ासर्म्तमाः न सहन्त, न वम त ाः सृ􀄶माः हवहवधमाः िृहथर्व्याः । ाऄताः एकम एव िृहथवी ाऄहमत । ाऄत्रमहमत एकाः ाइश्वराः । त्ीश्वराः ाअल्लमह् गड् ाआत्यहिधमहिाः हवहवधधर्म्ीयमाः ्नुषयमाः वणायहन्त

1. ফািংরায বরৌক্ষকক বদফতা – বগাদ঩ন্দ্র কৃষ্ণ ফ঳ু , বদ঱ ঩াফক্ষরক্ষ঱িং , করকাতা-৭৩, চতুথণ ঳িংস্কযণ, জানুয়াযী ২০০৮ ।
2. ক্ষ঴ন্দু ধভণ – স্বাভী ক্ষনদফণদানন্দ, যাভকৃষ্ণ ক্ষভ঱ন করকাতা স্টুদডন্টস্ ব঴াভ, বফরঘক্ষযয়া, জানুয়াযী ২০১১ ।
3. ক্ষফশ্বনফী – বগা঩ার বভা􀊌াপা, ভ঴ম্মদ ঩াফক্ষরক্ষ঱িং ঴াউ঳, ঢাকা, জানুয়াযী ২০০৬ ।
4. জগদতয ধভণগুরু – যাভকৃষ্ণ ক্ষভ঱ন বরাক ক্ষ঱িা ঩ক্ষযলদ, নদযন্দ্র঩ুয, ২০০৪ ।
5. বাযদতয অধযাত্ম ঳াধনা – ক্ষনগূ়িানন্দ ঳াক্ষ঴তযম্, করকাতা, ২০০৪ ।
6. বদফদদফী ও আুঁদয ফা঴ন – স্বাভী ক্ষনভণরানন্দ, বাযত ব঳ফাশ্রভ ঳িংঘ, করকাতা, ফািংরা ১৪১৮ ।
7. ঳ৎপ্র঳ে – স্বাভী ক্ষফশুিানন্দ, উদবাধন কামণারয়, করকাতা, ২০০৬ ।

Abstract: The present paper is an attempt to study the socio-economic condition of the boatman community in Banaras from an anthropological approach. The city of Banaras now developed as a major pilgrimage centre of Hindus and a key destination for foreign backpackers to search for the true soul of Indian culture. However, Banaras is incomplete without focusing the role of boatman and their cultural context. Boatman of Banaras plays an important role in introducing the city to its visitors. Although, traditionally the boatman community belongs to "Mallah‟ caste group, but this features is now diminishing, as different caste groups entering into this profession day by day. In this perspective, this paper ethnographically describes the social structure, material culture and other aspects of boatman community. The major source of data for this paper has come from the fieldwork in Banaras and other sources like academic journals, research articles etc. The paper is divided into various sections and each section is focusing on different issues. The study concludes that despite their significant role in continuing the charm of Banaras, their livelihood is in poor state and need special care from government. Keywords: Anthropological, Banaras, Boatman, Livelihood, Social structure

[1]. Ahmad, Nesar (2007) Handloom Cluster: Globalization and the Indigenous Artisan Economy: A Case Study of the Varanasi Silk Sari Industry, Unpublished technical report of the All India Artisans and Craftworkers Association, New Delhi, India.
[2]. Alley, Kelly D. (1994) Ganga and Gandagi: Interpretations of Pollution and Waste in Benaras. Ethnology, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 127-145. University of Pittsburgh, USA.
[3]. Bose, Tarun Kanti. (2007) Globalization. Pushes Varanasi Weavers to Hunger and Death, Asian Human Rights Commission, Hong Kong.
[4]. Cohen, Lawrence. (1995) Toward an Anthropology of Senility: Anger, Weakness, and Alzheimer's in Banaras, India. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 314-334, Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the American Anthropological Association, USA.
[5]. Doron, Assa. (2005) Encountering the 'Other': Pilgrims, Tourists and Boatmen in the City of Varanasi. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 16(2): 157-178 [6]. Doron, A 2009, Ferrying the Gods: Myth, performance and the Question of 'Invented Traditions' in the City of Banaras, Sites, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 58-79

Abstract: Rarely do we come across a novel which enthrals us with mundane details of life, from the kind of food that people ate at that time and the TV shows that they watched to the American atomic competition with Russia, more than half a century ago. Bill Bryson manages to do so in this travel narrative. In the present novel, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid, Bryson deals with his life and the 1950s simultaneously. The novel is funny, informative, educative and entertaining at the same time. The narration of one's childhood can rarely be complete without the description of the background setting, which is usually the country and times in which the person lived in..

[1]. Bryson, Bill. The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid: Travels through my Childhood. Great Britain: Black Swan, 2007.
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative, 10th October, 2015.
[3]. http://www.wbur.org/npr/137982922/the-life-and-times-of-the-thunderbolt-kid-a-memoir, 14th October, 2015.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to compare the negligence and intrinsic motivation among male students in high school in Tehran. The research is causal-comparative. The population in this study included all male students in the field of human sciences in high school. The sample size is 500 people. Thus, 250 students from public schools and 250 students the private schools were selected as examples. Sampling method in this study is a cluster - random, according to many students, and public and private schools. Research tools including questionnaires, negligence, Morgan, and intrinsic motivation. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS, and independent t test. Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between procrastination and motivation among male students, from public and private schools. Thus, we conclude that there are differences between the negligence and intrinsic motivation among male students from public and private schools.
Keywords: procrastination, motivation,schools boys

[1]. Agha Tehrani, M. (1385).Procrastination and investigating the causes, mechanisms and treatment.Qom, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute.
[2]. Hassanzadeh, Ramadan. (1393). Theories of motivation in education. Tehran: Lubricants. Page 98.Page 412.bitch, F. (1390). Examine the relationship between procrastination and self-esteem and achievement motivation of secondary school students in the city of Kashan, Journal of Education, Issue 14, pp. 164-151.
[3]. Gharbani, Fatima. (1393). Its academic motivation, academic self-concept and school engagement and academic achievement in adolescents orphaned. Theses Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.City University researcher.
[4]. Motiee, Hoora, Heidari, Mahmoud, and honest, Sa'adat.(1391). Forecast academic procrastination on the basis of self-regulation initiatives in the first year high school students in Tehran.Journal of Educational Psychology.Issue 24.
[5]. Bolliger DU, Supanakorn S, Boggs C, (2010). Impact of Podcasting on Student Motivation in the Online Learning Environment.Computers & Education. 55(2):714-722.

Abstract: It is generally believed by most readers of detective fiction that all fictional detectives are based on Poe's creation, Dupin. But we have discovered that Chesterton is not indebted either to Dupin or to Holmes in his portrayal of Father Brown. Brown as a matter of fact, is modeled after Basil and Rupert Grant, Chesterton's own earlier character in his collection of six crime stories 'The Club of Queer Trades'. Even though this collection presents Chesterton at the heights of storytelling, it does not project him as a writer of detective fiction. These narratives are somewhat 'defective' when read as 'detective'. In this research paper, we have highlighted the shortcomings of these stories which lack the systematic pattern of logical detection expected from detective genre.

Key Words: detective, defective, Queer, inquisitive, crime.

[1]. G.K. Chesterton, "On Running After One‟s Hat‟ All Things Considered (London: Methuen,1920).
[2]. Banshi Dhar, G.K. Chesterton and the Twentieth Century English Essay (New Delhi: S. Chand and Company Limited, 1977)14-16.
[3]. Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes: Complete Novels and Short Stories, Vol. I (London: Bantam, 1986)544.

Abstract: Rural dwellers are believed to constitute the majority of mankind. It is also widely held that no credible election can take place without the informed participation of the rural voters. Unfortunately, most of the rural voters are not well-educated and, therefore, rely on information received from opinion leaders. The study examined the influence of opinion leaders on the voting decisions of the rural voters with a view to determining the nature of the influence, whether positive or negative. It was discovered that a number of the opinion leaders played very negative roles during the last election, thereby eroding the credibility of elections in the community that was studied. The study therefore, recommended that government and the civil societies need to put in place an efficient information delivery mechanism to reduce the over- bearing influence of opinion leaders in the rural communities.

Keywords: Influence, Opinion leaders, voting decisions, Rural voters

[1]. Adam, G.S and Lasis, F.I (2011).Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Rural Women in Borno State Retrieved: September 10, 2015
[2]. Aluko, M.A (2002). The Institutionalization of Corruption and Its Impact on Political Culture and Behaviour in Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African studies 309-402 (2002).

Abstract: "Some ethnies1 were transformed into nations in the modern era, while others, often due to their territorial dispersion, lack of political ambition or low level of self consciousness did not emerge as nations" (Kaufmann 2-3). This statement by Eric P. Kaufmann, editor of Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority Groups and Dominant Minorities (2004), demonstrates the ability of ethnic minorities to institute change and master their own destiny rather than simply accept the situation proposed by assimilationist strategies. Within the frame of political Zionism, British and American Jews were able to exercise large-scale pressure on the governments of the countries in which they lived in the hope of getting international assistance in obtaining a national home in Palestine.

[1]. http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Balfour_Declaration.
[2]. Al Massiri, Abdelwahab. Man Hom Al Yahood, wa ma heya al Yahoudeya. Cairo: Dar Al Shourouk, 2008.
[3]. Cirakman, Asli. From "The Terror of the World" to the "Sick Man of Europe": European Images of Ottoman Empire and Society from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2002.
[4]. EncyclopaediaJudaica, Second Edition, V 03-05-11-13-17-19-20-21. New York: MacMillan Reference USA, 2007.
[5]. Faris, Hani A. "Israel Zangwill‟s Challenge to Zionism". Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 4, N°3. University of California Press, Spring 1975.

Abstract: Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are facing tremendous challenges and threats to survive in a competitive environment. As a matter of fact, MSEs are faced with the threat of failure with past statistics indicating that three out five fail within the first few months. In spite of this fact, automobile mechanics in this informal sector have been slow in adopting modern technology despite the advantages that are attributed to new innovations. This study aimed to determine factors that influence technology adoption among automobile mechanics in micro and small enterprises in Nakuru town; Kenya. The one of the specific objective of the study was to establish the role of relative advantage, in the adoption of technology. The research used a descriptive cross sectional survey design and employed both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to collect quantitative and qualitative data.

[1]. John Karanja Ngugi, R.W. Gakure, Were M. Susan, Patrick Karanja Ngugi, Kibiru Charles Robinson (2012). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. Journal of Business Management and Corporate Affairs Vol, 1 Issue 1, Pages 11-19.
[2]. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
[3]. Caryannis, E. & Eric T. (2006). Innovation diffusion and technology acceptance: The case of PKI technology. Technovation. (26), 847–855.
[4]. Wang, Z., Jin, Y., Wang, M. & Wei, W., 2010. New fuel consumption standards for Chinese passenger vehicles and their effects on reductions of oil use and CO2 emissions of the Chinese passenger vehicle fleet. Energy Policy, 38(9): 5242-5250.
[5]. Tornatzky, L.G., & Klein, K.J. (2012. Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption implementation: A meta-analysis of findings. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 29(1), 28–45.