IOSR-JHSS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-4 ~ April -2018

Abstract: An Analysis Of Employee Mutation At Personnel And Human Resources Empowerment Agency In Jeneponto District Is A Qualitative Research Through Phenomenology Approach. The Research Findings Indicate That A Mutated Employee Is Given An Opportunity To Improve And Develop His Quality And Quantity, As Well As His Career To Be More Advanced. The Activity Of Mutation Can Also Eliminate Saturation In Carrying Out Job Tasks And Switch To A New Working Environment. It Is Also Intended To Assure Employees' Confidence That The Involved Management Is Paying Great Attention To Self-Development Or Compensation That Must Be Provided For The Employees

Key Words: Mutation, Empowerment, Apparatus, Policy, Employee

[1] Budi Santoso, Dkk., "Rotasi, Mutasi Dan Promosi Pegawai Di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Klaten Program Pasca Sarjana Magister Manajemen, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Daya Saing" Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, 13(1), 2012.
[2] Dinnul Alfian Akbar , 2010. Materi Mutasi Dan Promosi Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia (Http://Www.Mdp.Ac.Id/) Diakses 22 Desember 2014
[3] Dinal Husna Dkk. 2012 "Prestasi Kerja, Kondisi Organisasi, Perilaku Disfungsional Dan Demosi Pns. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik". Volume 3, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012, Hlm. 59-141.
[4] Eri Sapto Nugroho, Dkk.. "Pelaksanaan Mutasi Jabatan Struktural Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pemerintah Kota Malang (Studi Pada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Kota Malang)" Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Jap), 1(6), 2013, 1123.
[5] Frederick W. Taylor Dalam H. Inu Kencana Syafiie, Sistem Administrasi Negara Republik Indonesia (SANRI) (Jakarta, Bumi Aksara, 2004).

Abstract: This Paper Examines The Role Of National Assembly In The Electoral Reforms In The Fourth Republic. The History Of Elections In Nigeria Was Adjudged As Incredible And Often Disputed By International Observers And Opposition Parties. The Elections Conducted Since 1959 To 1999, And More Specifically The 2003 And 2007 Elections Remained The Same If Not Worse, However, It Motivated The Reform Of The Electoral System In The Nigerian Fourth Republic. This Study Using A Purposive Sampling And Interview Method Of Data Collection Has Revealed That NASS Has Played A Significant Role In Electoral Reforms. The Reform Focuses On The Electoral Body And The Laws Governing The Conduct Of Its Work. The Findings Reveal That The Electoral Reforms Have Improved The Performance Of INEC And Its Conduct Of Election Most Importantly In 2015. The Paper Concluded That Despite The Significant Changes Observed In The Recent Elections, There Are Still Lacuna Regarding Electoral Reform In The Constitution And The Electoral Acts, Therefore, The Paper Recommended That National Assembly Should Engage More On Uncompleted Agenda Of Electoral Reforms

Key Words: National Assembly, Electoral Reform, Fourth Republic, Electoral Act.

[1]. Adejumobi, S. (2000). Elections In Africa: A Fading Shadow Of Democracy? International Political Science Review, 21(1), 59-73.

[2]. Aiyede, E. R. (2008). The Role Of INEC, ICPC, Andefcc In Combating Political Corruption. Money And Politics In Nigeria, 39-52.

[3]. Animashaun, K. (2010). Regime Character, Electoral Crisis And Prospects Of Electoral Reform In Nigeria. Journal Of Nigeria Studies. Volume, 1.
[4]. Araba, A. A., &Braimah, J. O. (2015). Comparative Study Of 2011 And 2015 Presidential Elections In Nigeria. Global Journal Of Human-Social Science Research.
[5]. Braun, V., &Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide For Beginners. Sage.

Abstract: racial problem has always been a central and complex issue in the United States. It is so pervasive that everyone is participant of it to some extent, even including the non-whites, as is pointed out in the book White by Law--The legal Construction of Race. On the other hand, racial discrimination has been fought against ever since its existence. The rebel forces not only include the the minorities but also the white people. Will America be a more liberal or conservative society?This is really a controversial issue.

Key Words: racism, pervasive, fight against.

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Abstract: This study focuses on the women entrepreneurs who run small and medium business enterprises in the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The objectives are to explore their socio-economic profile, to study the perception and attitude of the women entrepreneurs, to find whether they are getting proper motivation and support from the family, Government and financial institutions in participation in different activities, to identify the problems and challenges they face in running such enterprises and to solicit their opinion and suggestions. The intellectual area of the study emphasises on the broad vision of social and economic empowerment of women through engagement in different entrepreneurial activities.

Key Words: Women entrepreneurs, small and medium business enterprises, social and economic empowerment.

[1] Aldrich, H & Zimmer, C .(1986). "Entrepreneurship through Social Networks‟,in DL Sexton, & RW Smilor, (eds), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts.
[2] Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
[3] Becker, G. (1964).Human Capital, Columbia University Press, New York.
[4] Brockhaus, RH. (1980). "Psychological and Environment Factors which distinguish the Successful from the Unsuccessful Entrepreneur: A longitudinal Study‟. Academy of Management Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting, pp. 368-372.
[5] Brockhaus, RH. (1982). The Psychology of the Entrepreneur, in CA Kent, DL Sexton & KH Vesper (eds.), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

Abstract: In the strtch of Digha to Petuaghat coastal area of Purba Medinipur district, W.B. is a progressive geomorphic unit. Coastal area includes of land-sea interaction with complex geo-environmental emplacement. Here many geomorphic processes ( sea wave, wind, flood, shifting of sand dune, shifting of shoreline, salt water invasion etc.) show and which are most determinant to change of landuse pattern, agricultural practice and Eco-tourism. Now agricultural land, fishing land, grazing land, forest land, recreational land and also settlement are changing due to various coastal geomorphic process. Crop cultivation, horticulture, aquaculture are affected due to action of geomorphic hazards. Eco...........

Key Words: Biodiversity, Coastal tract, Eco-tourism, Geomorphic hazards, Geomorphic process, Landuse pattern..

[1] Ahamad, E. (1972). Coastal Geomorphology of India Orient Longman Ltd. New Delhi. 222p.
[2] Biswas (Bera), A and Bera, D. (2009):Ecotourism in dooars of West Bengal: Its Prospects, Problems and Proposals.Geographical Review of India. 71(3): 264-268.
[3] Chatterjee, P.K. (1972).Beach erosion in the area around Digha, Midnapur disctict, W.B. and its influence on ground watercharacteristics. Proc. Geom. Geohyd. Geotech, Lower Ganga Basin. IIT. Kharagpur. Pp.B 19-24.
[4] Chakraborty, S. K. (2010): Coastal Environmentof Midnapore, West Bengal : Potential Threats and Management. Journal ofCoastal Environment. 1(1): 27-40.
[5] Dandapath, P. K., and Mondal, M. (2013): Urbanisation and its Impact on Coastal Ecotourism in West Bengal. InternationalJournal of Science and Research. 2(1): 114-119.

Abstract: This paper adopted the Ajzen‟s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to describe northern Nigerians‟ acceptance and patronage of insurance services. By applying the theory with additional variable as a contribution, to see what precisely account for relatively poor patronage of insurance services in northern Nigeria, particularly now that Islamic insurance is established.Interrelationship among the variables (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, awareness and religion) is examined to see the extent of influence each has on customers‟ acceptance and patronage. Empirical survey among 288 members of the public, (both insured and non-insured) is made using SPSS software for analysis to measure their awareness level, religious rulings subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and attitudes towards insurance services. The attitudes and awareness, most often negative............

Key Words: Patronage, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, awareness, religion, theory of planned behaviour.

[1] Abdullahi, Y. (2012). Re-examining insurance for the development of Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2(9), 596-620.

[2] Abedifar, P., Ebrahim, S. M., Molyneux, P., &Tarazi, A. (2015). Islamic banking, insurance and finance: recent empirical literature and directions for future research. Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(4), 637-670.

[3] Ackah, C., & Owusu, A. (2012, March). Assessing the knowledge of and attitude towards insurance in Ghana.In Research Conference on Micro-Insurance.
[4] Ajzen, I. (1991). Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organisational Behaviour Hum, Dec.50(2): 179-211.

[5] Akay, A., Martinsson, P., Medhin, H., &Trautmann, S. (2009). Attitudes toward uncertainty among the poor:evidence from rural Ethiopia. Discussion Paper No. 4225, June 2009.

Abstract: In general, this study aims to find and explain the criminal provisions for criminal narcotics and criminal law policies against Narcotics addicts. The method of research that is incubated is the normative legal research method, that is analyzing and finding legal principles, legal synchronization, and legal system. The results showed thatCriminal law policy against narcotics abuse and punishment (Double Track System) can be used as an alternative sanction in narcotics crime in Indonesia that is special for self-narcotics penyalaguna which is not accompanied by other narcotic narcotic credential such as Pengedar, Pengimport, Providers and producers. This is based on the circumstances and position of the Abuser who is both a sick and a victim of his deeds, who should have a special treatment to be able to recover to his original state / not for imprisonment.

Key Words: Criminology Review, Criminal Policy

[1] A.S. Alam, 2010. Pengantar Kriminologi, Refleksi, Makassar
[2] Abintoro Prakoso, 2013. Kriminologi & Hukum Pidana, Laksbang Grafika, Yokyakarta.
[3] Adami Chazawi, 2005. Pelajaran Hukum Pidana Bagian I, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
[4] Aditama Romli Atmasasmita, 1992. Teori dan Kapita Selekta Kriminologi, Reflika, Bandung
[5] Amir ilyas, 2012. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana, Rangkang Education Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.

Abstract: The human beings have been building cities for thousands of years, but the global shifting of rural to urban living, has been a defining trend during the past century or so. Even if contemporary urbanization - in terms of the combination of demographic, economic and biophysical changes that make cities what they are unprecedented in its magnitude and rate. More than half of us live in cities today, and by the end of the century, the number of urban dwellers will swell by another three billion. Although megacities with tens of millions of inhabitants are often in the limelight, most of the urban growth is in fact expected to take place in small and medium sized cities of a million or fewer inhabitants...........

[1] Asian Development Bank. (2008). Managing Asian Cities. Sustainable and inclusive urban solutions.ISBN:978-971-561-698-0.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27976/mac-report.pdf
[2] Anand, Geetika and Deb Anushree . (2017) Planning, 'Violations', and Urban Inclusion: A Study of Bhubaneswar
[3] Angel, Shlomo ; Stephen C. Sheppard and Daniel L. Civco, 2005, The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion. Ayub, S., Husain, A. and Abad, K. R.( 2011). Wastewater Characterization in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Aligarh City, U.P., India. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 3(1): 685-697.
[4] Bhagat,R.P and Mohanty Soumya,(2009,) Emerging pattern of Urbanisation and the contribution of migration in urban growth in India. Asian Population Studies. DOI: 10.1080/17441730902790024
[5] Census of India 2001, Population Projections for India and States 2001, Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections Constituted by the National Commission on Population

Abstract: There Is A Weak Relationship Between The Police And The Community In South Africa. This Relationship Is Contrary To What The World Expects From Police Ministry – That Is Dedication And Firmness In Fulfilling Objective Of The Police. Nationally, The Police Are Tasked - 'To Prevent, Combat And Investigate Crime, To Maintain Public Order, To Protect And Secure The Inhabitants Of The Republic And Their Property, And To Up Hold And Enforce The Law'. This Is In Collaboration With The Community They Serve. Today That Collaboration Is Sadly Lacking. Community Members Are Taking The Law Into Their Own Hands, As If The Police Don't Exist. Mob Justice.............

Key Words: Criminology Review, Criminal Policy

[1] Dradenya, Amazia, 2007, New Vision: Five Students Shot In Moyo School. 3 July 2007, Viewed On 22nd March 2012 From Http://Www.Newvision.Co.Ug/D/8/12/573998.
[2] Eilers, F., 2002, Communicating In Community: An Introduction To Social Communication (3rd And Enlarged Edition), Logos, Manila: Divine Word Publications, Inc.
[3] Faith Mcdonnell, 1983, Sudan's Islamic Government & Its Christian Citizens: 7
[4] Francis (Pope), 2013, The Joy Of The Gospel (In Latin Evangeliigaudium), Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications Africa.
[5] Gerhart, G., 1978, Black Power In South Africa, Berkeley: University Of California Press.

Abstract: This paper assesses the effect of the following support systems as antecedents of self-employment among TVET graduates: The study adopted both explanatory and descriptive survey design .The study followed mixed method approach and employed both qualitative and quantitative technique. The study targeted 527 technician graduates from TVET institutions in Nakuru county Kenya. Simple random was used to select 320 sample size. Findings from Multiple Regression analysis indicated that entrepreneurship education, career guidance provision, tracking of graduates...........

Key Words: Support Systems, Self-Employment, Entrepreneurship Education, Career Guidance, Networks Business Incubation

[1]. Acakpovi, A., & Nutassey, K. (2015). Adoption of competency based education in TVET Institutions in Ghana: A case study of Mechanical Engineering Department,Accra Polytechnic. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 7(7), 64-69.
[2]. Adams, A. V., de Silva, S. J., & Razmara, S. (2013). Improving skills development in the informal sector: Strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa: World Bank Publications.
[3]. Amanchukwu, R. N., & Ezekiel-Hart, J. (2013). Youth conflict challenges and management for self-actualization in a developing nation. International Journal of Educational Foundations and Management, 1(2), 78-96.
[4]. Borgen, W., & Hiebert, B. (2014). Orienting educators to contemporary ideas for career counseling: An illustrative example Handbook of Career Development (pp. 709-726): Springer.

Abstract: This Research Is Purposed For Analyzing The Pattern Of Consumption Moslem Fishermen In Langkat District, The Influenced Pattern Of Household Consumption, The Consumption Differences, And The Strategy Of Good Preventing Consumption Pattern On The Moslem Fisherman Household In Langkat Regency. This Research Is Field Research (Field Research) Emphasized On Quantitative Approach Supporting With Qualitative Data. Based On The Data Analysis Result Showed That The Variable Income And The Number Of Family Members Influenced Positively On Consumption Patterns, Whereas Religion Has A Negative Effect. Then, The Education And Cultural Variables Were Not Affecting Of Household Consumption On Moslem Fishermen In Langkat District. In The Additional Analysis Level Also Showed That There Are Differences In Consumption Patterns In Each Of The Nine Sub-Districts. The Differences Can Be Seen From The Aspect Of Total Income, Ethnicity, Necessary, Clusters (Territory)

Key Words: Consumption Pattern, Household Consumption, Moslem Fishermen

[1] Pakpahan, Helena Tatcher., Lumintang, Richard W. E. Relationship Motivation Work With Fisherman Behavior On Fishing Capture Business, Journal Of Extension, (Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University, March 2006).
[2] Nikijulu, Fisheries Resource Management Regime. Jakarta: Center For Regional Development And Empowerment, 2002.
[3] Agung Haryoyudanto Http://Www.Kompasiana.Com Indonesia Waters Area (Was Uploaded February 13, 2017)
[4] Susilowati, Indah "Welfare Impact Of Improved Boat Modernisation In Pemalang Regencies, Central Java, Indonesia", Master Thesis, (The Faculty Of Economics And Management, University Putra Malaysia, 1991).
[5] Fauzi, Akhmad "Turning The Tide" Economic Policy Of Fisheries, Kompas 30 July 2003..

Abstract: Tipu cherished the welfare of both the Muslims and the Hindus in his state. He had a yearning love for freedom from the British yoke.Tipu Sultan was radical in more than one sense. He was the first to ban consumption of alcohol in the entire state, not on religious grounds. He didn‟t worry about the decline in income due to it. He was praised for this act by Gandhi. He was the father of missile technology. He was the first to introduce sericulture in the Mysore state.As a Muslim ruler in a largely Hindu domain, Tipu Sultan faced problems in establishing the legitimacy of his rule and in reconciling his desire to be seen as a devout Islamic ruler with the need to be pragmatic to avoid antagonizing the majority of his subjects.During his period 90% alms was given to the Hindus. When the Marathas plundered Sirungeri Mutt, killed the Brahmins and took the golden statue of Sarathadevi, Tipu Sultan gave donations to renovate it and sent his general SeyadMohmad to give protection to the Sankarachariyar of Sringeri.The temple at Melkote still has gold and silver vessels with inscriptions indicating that they were presented by the Sultan. Tipu Sultan also presented four silver cups to the Lakshmi Kanta temple at Kalale.

Key Words: legitimacy, persecution, radical, Sringeri letters, Tipu Sultan

[1] SunandhaRagunathan, Tipu Sultan, Prodigy Books, Ist Ed, Chennai, July 2009, p. 38.
[2] Tipu Sultan: Religious zealot or nationalist hero? www.business-standard .com>ti…
[3] W.W. Hunter, The Indian Empire, Its people, History and products, Asian Educational Services, Ist Ed. New Delhi, 1886. P. 396.
[4] The Hindu (Tamil), Tipu Sultan: MathasarpinmayinMahathanaMunoodi, SelvaPuviarasan, Nov. 10, 2017. p.10.
[5] Lewin. B . Bowring, Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan, S. Chand & Co, Delhi, 1969, p. 226-227

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Abstract: The present study "Participation of Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions" conducted on the sample of 50 women respondents from Pakasma village in Rohtak district, Haryana, India. Stratified sampling technique was adopted for selecting the sample from different wards of the village. Interview Schedule was used to collect primary data from the respondents. Analysis revealed that the awareness and constitutional knowledge of women was not satisfactory. Participation level of women in Gram Panchayats only limited, only to remain as voter. Some of the women respondents even do not know the functioning of Gram Panchayat. In Gram Panchayat election their husband and family decided.....

[1]. Rashmi Arun. Role of Women in Panchayati Raj, The Administrator, 12. 45 (2014)
[2]. Subha K. and Bhargava B.S., Feminism and Political Empowerment of Women: The Karnataka Experience, as in M.R. Birju (Ed.), Decentralisation: An Indian Experience, National Publishing House, Jaipur, 158 (2016)
[3]. Venkata Ravi R. and Sunder Raj D., Grass Roots Governance: Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions as in M.R. Birju (Ed.), Decentralisation: An Indian Experience, National Publishing House, Jaipur, 481-482 (2014)
[4]. Thakur Minni, Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj, New Delhi: Concept Publishing House, 78-79 (2015)
[5]. Desai P. and Thakkar U., Women in Indian Society. New Delhi: National Book Trust, (2015)