IOSR-JHSS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-1 ~ January -2019

Abstract: Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa, possesses the fastest growing economy in the region and is also one of the poorest countries. Women's empowerment is an intrinsic human rights goal that has implications for the health and well-being of women and their children. The major objectives of the Women's Empowerment Program (WEP) in Ethiopia include fostering an environment that calls forth women's leadership and agency at the local level as well as expanding economic opportunities for women in rural households. USAID invests in empowering women and girls in Ethiopia by promoting equal access to education, health, and economic opportunities. Empowering women to participate fully in economic life across all sectors is essential to build stronger..........

Key Words: Women Empowerment, Discrimination, Economy, Teenage Pregnancy.

[1]. Ahmed S, George O, Samuel P, Yao F, et.al.(2012) Ethiopian joint programme on gender equality and women's empowerment: phase II. Ethiopia Delivering as One.
[2]. Awotash A (2010) Women Participation in Parliament: Comparative Analysis: Emphasis Given to South Africa and Ethiopia.
[3]. Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (BARA) & Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). (2013). Final impact evaluation of the Saving for Change program in Mali, 2009–2012.
[4]. Chakrabarti, S., & Biswas, C. S. (2012). An exploratory analysis of women's empowerment in India: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Development Studies, 48(1), 164–180.
[5]. Chopra, D., & Müller, C. (2016). Introduction: Connecting perspectives on women's empowerment. IDS Bulletin, 47(A1), 1–10.

Abstract: The present study was undertaken in the three zones of Kerala viz., Thiruvananthapuram from South Kerala, Thrissur from Central Kerala and Kasaragod from North Kerala, during the academic year, 2017-18. Totally 90 Agricultural Officers of which 30 from Thiruvanathapuram, 30 from Thrissur and 30 from Kasaragod district were randomly selected using simple random sampling procedure of the 30 respondents from each district it was ensured that 15 were female and 15 were male respondents. The constraints were scored and ranked using a scoring procedure on a 4 point continuum. The five major constraints faced by the Agricultural Officers were excessive work load, lack of promotional opportunities, lack of proper training to the officer, lack of need based schemes and its implementation in different localities, political interference in day to day activity.

Key Words: Job stress, Agricultural Officers, Constraints, Suggestions

[1]. Ashalatha, S., Husain, M. M., and Bhaskaran, C. 1999. Constraints in effective role performance of agricultural assistants. J. Ext. Educ. 10(2): 2396-2400.

[2]. Mishra, D. 2005. A Comparative study on the job performance, job sttisfaction and constraints of men and women extension officers of Karnataka state department of Agriculture. Ph. D thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 59p.
[3]. Mohan, B. 2000. A study on job performance and job satisfaction of Assistant Agricultural Officers in Northern districts of Karnataka. M. Sc. (Ag) thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.167p..

Abstract: An electoral system may be defined as a process or method through which the people of a given country elect their representative into different political offices or positions in government. It also includes the conditions and processes for the nomination of candidates for elective posts including procedure and rules of election. The burden of this paper is to refute that misguided advice. The truth is that the place and participation of youths in our political process cannot be undermined, or over emphasized. For your democracy to be meaningful, stable and functional, our youths must be part of the shaping process. The youths have both a right and a responsibility to help shape the future that they will inherit and the quality of life that they will experience. It is not neat and proper.........

[1]. Anifowose R. and Babawale T. 2003 General Elections and Democratic consolidation in Nigeria Lagos: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (EFS) 2003.
[2]. Derbyshire J. N. World Political Systems Oxford: The Clarenon Press. 1993.
[3]. Fanon, Frantz The Wretched of the Earth. Translated by Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press 1968.
[4]. Mill. J. S. ―Considerations on Representative Governments‖ in J.B. Mill. Three Essays Oxford, Oxford U. P. 1975, PP. 186-198.
[5]. Ologbenla. D. ―Political Instability, Conflict and the 2003 General Election‖ in Remi Anifowose and Tunde Babawale (eds) 2003 General Elections and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria Lagos: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) 2003: PP69 – 100.

Abstract: The question of knowledge permeates our society since the days of the Greek philosophers. According to some, knowledge is what allows man to equate the problems of daily life. In the knowledge society, this can also be linked to spiritual knowledge, aiming an area that transcends human existence and integral knowledge in the connection of knowledge of the human being as a whole. Therefore, the objective of this article is to map the concepts of spiritual knowledge and integral knowledge. For this, the bibliometric analysis was carried out, based on a systematic search in the online Scopus database. As a result, it has been identified that the research.........

Key Words: Spiritual knowledge; Integral knowledge

[1]. MACHADO, A.B.M; FIALHO, F. A.(2016) . As Quatro Dimensões Do Conhecimento: cognitivista, conexionista, autopoetico e integral - Avançando na compreensão sobre a aprendizagem. JournalfromVale do Rio VerdeUniversity, v. 14, p. 589-601.
[2]. MARCONI, M. de A.; LAKATOS, E. M.(2010) Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas.
[3]. SANTOS, R. N. M.; KOBASHI, N. Y. (2009) Bibliometria, cientometria, infometria: conceitos e aplicações. Tendências da Pesquisa Brasileira em Ciência da Informação, Brasília, v. 2, # 1, p. 155-172.

Abstract: This study investigated the socio-economic implications of Khat consumption on the Khat consumers' community relationship and the role of khat trade on the retailers' household economy. The study applied exploratory and field survey descriptive designs, using a mixed method approach. The target population was consumers of Khat and the Khat retail traders in Kamukunji constituency a suburb of Nairobi Kenya. A sample of 424 respondents was taken using purposive snowball sampling technique. The data were obtained through a blend of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was guided by both structural functionalism and conflict theories. The study found that Khat consumption was widely accepted across marital status and by all age groups and that Khat had a positive........

Key Words: Conflict theory, structural functionalism, family relations

[1]. Cox G and Rampes H. Adverse effects of khat. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment.2012; 456–63
[2]. National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation report of 1996 NCST NO. 40
[3]. Berkerleg, S. Ethnic Identity and Development: Khat and Social Change in Africa. EastAfrica SociologyJournal, 2010: (3)158-203
[4]. Jibril, M. and Yusuf, I. Diverse effects of Khat on Somali families. Copenhagen: International Social Work and Social Problems. 2012
[5]. Bururia, D. and Nyaga, N. Socio-Economic, Religious and Educational Significance of Miraa (Cartha Edulis): A Case of Meru North Region, Kenya. Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research. IISTE. 2014

Abstract: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh sosialisasi dan potensi ekonomi desa terhadap produktivitas dan pendapatan Badan Usaha Milik Desa di Kecamatan Seririt. Data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer, yaitu dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada pengelola BUMDes di Kecamatan Seririt. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 11 BUMDes di Kecamatan Seririt, dengan menggunakan teknik penentuan sampel purposive sampling. Dengan menggunakan data panel 2014-2017, terdapat 44 sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan........

Key Words: socialization, economic potential, productivity, income, and BUMDes.

[1]. Abdul, Razzak and Malik Asif. 2012. The E Ect Of Socialization On Employee Seciency: Moderating Role Of Perceived Organizational Support. Munich Personal RePEc Archive.
[2]. Asni, Fauzi, Maryunani, Sasongko and Dwi Budi. 2013. The Management of the Village Fund Allocation as an Instrument towards Economic Independence Village (Case Studies in 2 villages in Siak Regency, Province Riau). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 10 (4) h : 1-9.
[3]. Azlina, Nur, Amir Hasan, Desmiyawati and Iskandar Muda. 2017. The Effectiveness of Village Fund Management (Case Study at Villages in Coastal Areas in Riau). International Journal of Economic Research, 14 (12) h : 325-336.
[4]. Bassey, Antigha Okon, Frank Atah and Umo Antigha Bassey. 2012. Industrial Socialisation and Role Performance in Contemporary Organization. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 2 (5), pp. 129-136.
[5]. Budiono, Puguh. 2015. Implementasi Kebijakan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) Di Bojonegoro (Studi di Desa Ngringinrejo Kecamatan Kalitidu Dan Desa Kedungprimpen Kecamatan Kanor). Jurnal Politik Muda, 4 (1) h: 116-125..

Abstract: Despite being independent for over 50 years, Nigeria popularly known as "the giant of Africa" is plagued with varying levels of internal conflicts whose roots could be traced as far back as the pre-colonial times where conquest between kingdoms were prevalent. Today, the Nigerian socio-political and economic sphere is shaped around ethno-religious identities with corresponding conflicts erupting from the quest to acquire and control the scarce socio-economic resources of the nation. After having coexisted for over 100 years since the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates under the British colonial administration, it would have been expected that the different ethnic and religious groups in the country could coexist in harmony but the situation is still not so, as ethnic and religious violence.......

Key Words: Ethno-religious identity; identity politics; violent conflicts; violence

[1]. Abdu, H, and Umar, L. (2002). "Hope Betrayed: A Report on Impunity and State-Sponsored Violence in Nigeria". World Organization against Torture (OMCT publications)
[2]. Achimugu, H. (2013)."Ethnicity, Ethnic Crisis, and Good governance in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable National Development." Public Policy and Administration Research Vol.3, No.12, 2013
[3]. Adebanwi, A. (2004). "Democracy and Violence: The Challenge of Communal Clashes." In: Agbaje A, Diamond L, and Onwudiwe E (eds) Nigeria's Struggle for Democracy and Good Governance. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, pp. 327- 348.
[4]. Ambe-Uva, T.N. (2010). "Identity Politics and the Jos Crisis: Evidences, Lessons, and Challenges of Good Governance". School of International Studies, National Open University of Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria.
[5]. Collier (2010).

Abstract: This study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Poultry and Research farm, to investigate the effects of various calcium sources on the productive and egg quality performance of spent layers. A total of ninety (96) Black Harco layers at the age of 58 weeks were randomly assigned in to four different treatment and replicated two times with12 birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD). They were reared on varying calcium and phosphorus sources name bone meal, oyster shell, periwinkle shell and limestone for treatment T1,T2,T3 and T4. The study revealed that feed consumption and feed conversion Ratio did not differ (P<0.05) significantly among treatment groups. Egg weight, Albumen length and Haugh unit also did not differ significantly. However,.........

Key Words: Spent layers, calcium and phosphorus sources, egg quality, productive performance

[1]. Hamilton, R. M. G., R. W. Fairfull, and R. S. Gowe. (1985). Use of particulate limestone or oyster shell in the dietary regimen of White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science Journal. 64:1750–1762.
[2]. Florescu, S., S. Paraschiv, and A. Florescu. (1986). Utilization of calcium from different sources in feeding laying hens. Rev. Crest. Anim. 36:45–51.
[3]. Cheng, T. K., and C. N. Coon. (1990). Effect on layer performance and shell quality of switching limestone with different solubilities. Poultry Science Journal. 69:2199–2203.
[4]. Antillon, A. (1976). Pathology of caged laying hens fed different levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3. Ph. D. Thesis. Cornell, University, Cornell, NY.
[5]. Keshavarz, K. (1986). The effects of dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus on performance and retention of these nutrients by laying hens. Poultry Science Journal. 65:114–121..

Abstract: India being a patriarchal society since time immemorial, though from the past few years drastic positivechanges have occurred, which has lifted them from their dreadful condition. However we must also be aware that these women are only a small population and cannot be considered to tell the entire reality. Because still there are women who are bound by strict rules which oppresses them in ways unimaginable. Adolescence is a period where attitudes are fixed at this age and it will be carried in the future. They are more close towards their peers and very directly exposed to the society at this transition period of forming Self-Identity, that‟s why even the generally outspoken attitude.........

Key Words: Gender inequality, Attitude towards women, late adolescents, Egalitarian

[1]. India Demographics Profile (2018). Retrieved on 5 January 2019, from https://www.indexmundi.com/india/demographics_profile.html
[2]. Desai, K. (2013). Attitude towards women in India needs to be changed. Retrieved on 30 December 2018, from https://www.news18.com/news/books/attitude-towards-women-in-india-needs-to-be-changed-kishwar-desai-605549.html.
[3]. The Hindu. (2014). India has world's largest youth population: UN report. Retrieved on 1 January 2019, from https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/india-has-worlds-largest-youth-population-un-report/article6612615.ece
[4]. India: Age distribution from 2007-2017. Retrieved on 2 January 2019, from http://www.statista.com/statistics/271315/age-distribution-in-india/
[5]. Krishna. G. (2017). Time for a change of attitude towards women. Retrieved on 5 January 2019, from https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/time-for-a-change-of-attitude-towards-women/article19828554.ece 1/3.

Abstract: The marginal alluvial plain of Ganga Basin possesses diverse geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions. The tracts of South Bihar Plains (SBP) adjoining the Jharkhand state comprise mixed conditions of exposed hard rocks, exposed weathered zones and hard rocks covered with thin veneer of alluvium. In these environments, it is often hard to meet the irrigation demand for agriculture. The work focuses on an area covering the Aurangabad district in the South Bihar Plains. The district possesses a moderately thick alluvium (100-150 m) in the northern tracts in the blocks such as Goh, Hanspura, Barun, Daudnagar and Obra. Shallow tube wells in these areas yield enough water for irrigation. However, in the southern tracts covering blocks such as Deo, Madanpur, Rafiganj, Nabinagar and Kutumba, the private shallow tube wells in the thin alluvium overlying the hard rock.....

KEYWORDS: Geomorphological, hard rocks, irrigation, environments, groundwater

[1]. Banghar, A.R., 1991. Mechanism solution of Nepal–Bihar earthquake of August 20, 1988. Journal of the Geological Society of India 37, 25– 30.
[2]. CGWB, 2009.a. Ground Water Exploration Report. Ministry of Water Resources. Government of India. Central Ground Water Board, Mid-Eastern Region, Patna.
[3]. CGWB, 2009.b. Dynamic Ground Water Resources in Bihar. Ministry of Water Resources. Government of India. Central Ground Water Board, Mid-Eastern Region, Patna.
[4]. Economic Survey, 2010-11. Finance Department. Government of Bihar.
[5]. GSI., 2000. Eastern Nepal Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic Plains of Bihar. In: Narula, P.L., Acharyya, S.K., Banerjee, J. (Eds.), Seismotectonics Atlas of India and Its Environs. Geological Survey of India, pp. 26– 27.