IOSR-JHSS   Volume-26 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2021

Abstract: Efforts have been made at the global level to improve the lot of the weakest section of society-the children, the most vulnerable subject of exploitation. But their fates remain the same even today. India has several million children living under "especially difficult circumstances. India has the highest child labour force in the world. To eliminate child labour Indian legislature have passed a number of central and state legislations. But the vast potentialities of these laws mostly remained dormant or underutilised. The problem of child labour is basically a pointer to the complex social and economic ground realities. The author in this paper tried to examine the areas and the causes of child labour and advanced remedies to protect the rights of the child. The author is of the view that child labour is a deep rooted evil in India which cannot be eliminated but can be regulated progressively in organised, unorganised......

[1]. Laxmi Kant Pandey v. Union of India, (1984) 2 Sec. 244, 249.
[2]. Badhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1997)10 Sec. 551, 553.
[3]. The Constitution of India, Article, 39(1).
[4]. Dam Shubanker, "Juvenile of Eighty" Journal of Indian Law Institute, vol. 48 (1-4) 2006.
[5]. Singh Dolly, "Child Rights and Social Wrongs". Vol. 2 p. 260.

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to test the existing theories and examine tourism and GDP factors to moderate the relationship between economic development and CO2 emissions in SCO members and it effect on CO2 emission in Iran after the membership. The data is collected for the period of 2000-2015 to measure the dynamic impact of GMM method of tourism on environmental pollution. The results show that tourism and GDP are significate and have a positive impact on CO2 emission. It is suggested by this paper that more attention is required for environmental policies in Iran. And economic development is required for the improvement of the quality for the environment in future policies.

KEYWORDS: Environment, SCO member, economic development, tourism

[1]. Alimov, R. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Its role and place in the development of Eurasia. Journal of Eurasian studies 9(2): 114-124.
[2]. Azam, M., et al. (2018). Effect of tourism on environmental pollution: Further evidence from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production 190: 330-338.
[3]. Chaabouni, S. and K. Saidi (2017). The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries. Environmental research 158: 137-144.
[4]. De Hoyos, R. E. and V. Sarafidis (2006). Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models. The stata journal 6(4): 482-496.
[5]. Grainger, S. (2012). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Challenges Ahead and Potential Solutions. Global Science & Technology Forum GSTF

Abstract: Urbanization is a reality of Nigerian settlement pattern like in other nations of the world. The high population of the country, the centripetal nature of cities arising from agglomeration impacts, the role of institutions particularly university education in attracting people en-mass, the increasing role of the private sector in economy with attendant multiple sources of employment generation, the natural allure of the city whether it is beneficial or not will all combine to continue to ignite urbanization in Nigeria. These incidents have been generating serious environmental problems and concern for both the government and interested stakeholders especially in the area of human settlement and sustenance of the environment with the implications on good transportation networks, potable water supply, sanitation, effective and efficient waste management, elimination of social conflict and crimes. This necessitates.....

Key Word: Civil Servants, Community Development and Urban Planning

[1]. The definition of community development. Universal class. https://www.universalclass.com/article/business/the-definition-of-community-development.htm#
[2]. "Community development". (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225617/http://unterm.un.org/DGAACS/unterm.nsf/8fa942046ff7601c85256983007ca4d8/526c2eaba978f007852569fd00036819?OpenDocument). UNTERM. Archived from the original (http://unterm.un.org/DGAACS/unterm.nsf/8fa942046ff7601c85256983007ca4d8/526c2eaba978f007852569fd00036819?OpenDocument) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
[3]. Alison Gilchrist; Marilyn Taylor (2011). The Short Guide to Community Development (https://books.google.com/books?id=NWiZFrT-Ns8C&pg=PA2) . Policy Press. pp. 2+. ISBN 978-1-84742-689-5.
[4]. Henry, CC, An Introduction to Neighbourhood Design,Ranklous Enterprises Inc, 2004.
[5]. Minkler M., Wallerstein N. (Eds.) (2004). Community-based Participatory Research for Health: From Process to Outcomes (2nd ed., pp. 47-66), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Abstract: Women's Labour force participation rising in most of the developing countries is in recent years. In India also this trend can be witnessed the work participation rates are less compared to all other countries. Education is identified as a factor contributing to WPR. But in Kerala, female work participation rate appears to be lower and showing a declining trend despite its achievement in the field of developments. Hence, in this paper attempts to made an investigation through the trends in female work participation rates which appears in the census data,NSSO and similar sources. The study found that the work participation of females are declining and unemployment in the state is increasing .migration, backwardness of traditional industries etc are some of the factors identified leading to low work participation of women.

Key Word: Labour Force Participarion, Unemployment

[1]. Agriculture Census 2015-16, Agriculture Census Division Department of Agriculture, Co-Operation & Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government Of India
[2]. Census, NPR Vital Statistics,2011,Data Highlights
[3]. Chacko, Elizabeth (2003) Marriage, Development, and the Status of Women in Kerala, India Gender and Development, Vol. 11, No. 2, Marriage , pp. 52-59 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
[4]. Dev Mahendra (2004), Female Work Participation and Child Labour: Occupational Data from NFHS, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 736-744, Economic and Political Weekly
[5]. Economic review, (2017) .state planning board ,Thiruvananthapuram, government of Kerala.

Abstract: Every human civilization has got some form of a belief system which can be termed as religious belief. The belief systems have got some common features, characteristics, and elements. Humans instinctively develops belief in supernatural beings and there are many forms of belief in a supernatural being. These beliefs are expressed in some interestingly common ways. A human inherits the religious identity from their parents, and due to the early childhood indoctrination, they remain loyal to whatever belief system they are being raised into. The human belief system is a very intricate aspect of life. There is no civilization or human race that don't follow some form of religious or other belief systems. Belief in supernatural beings is ingrained into our very being and into our genetic design. Fear of death and afterlife has got tremendous influence on the formation of our faith..

Key Word: Concept, Belife and Religiosity

[1]. Yelnick J., What Is Religious Belief? Definition & Systems. Retrieved July 30, 2016, from Study.com: http://study.com/academy/lesson/ what-is-religious-belief-definition-systems-quiz.html.
[2]. Ferraro G., Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008.
[3]. Marett R R., Anthropology. New York; London: Henry Holt and Company; Williams and Norgate, 1912.
[4]. Durkheim E., The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: A Study in Religious Sociology, 1912. London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York, Macmillan.
[5]. Smith W R, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites, 1889, Port Chester, NY: Adegi Graphics LLC.

Abstract:The British colony at Jamestown Virginia has long been an ideological touchstone for the political doctrine of White Protestant Supremacy in the United States. The triumph of the Jamestown settlers over the challenges of Native attacks, harsh physical conditions and inadequate provisions is seen as evidence of the innate superiority of these initial settlers. The present research challenges this foundational assumption by examining the ethnic origins of the Jamestown Colony organizers and settlers using genealogical DNA methods and global DNA databases. These data indicate that the majority were likely of Jewish ethnicity, both Sephardic (Spanish) and Ashkenazic (Eastern European). The study traces the origin of these persons to the Jews brought to England from Normandy in 1066 by William I and proposes that a crypto-Jewish community was present in England from 1290 onward..

Key Word: Jamestown Colony, Virginia Company, Genealogical DNA, Jewish Ethnicity, White Supremacy, Crypto-Jews

[1]. Alexy, T (2003). The Marrano Legacy: A Contemporary Crypto-Jewish Priest Reveals Secrets of His
Double Life. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-3055-0. OCLC 51059087.
[2]. Benbassa, Esther; Rodrique, A (2000). Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community in the14th-20th Centuries (Jewish Communities in the Modern World). University of California Press.
ISBN 978-0-520-21822-2. OCLC 154877054.
[3]. Bettinger Blaine T and Debbie Parker Wayne. (2016). Genetic Genealogy in Practice. National Genealogical Society.
[4]. Brockmann, Robert, (2021), The Crypto-Jewish Revelation; ISBN 978-3-754104-08-8; 5. April Carvajal-Carmona, LG; Soto ID; Pineda N; Ortiz-Barrientos D; Duque C; Ospina-Duque J; McCarthy
[5]. M; Montoya P; Alvarez VM; Bedoya G; Ruiz-Linares A (2000). "Strong Amerind/White Sex Bias and
a Possible Sephardic Contribution among the Founders of a Population in Northwest Colombia". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (5): 1062–1066. doi:10.1016/S0002
9297(07)62956-5. PMC 1288568. PMID 11032790..

Abstract: This survey provides a quantitative study on Sociological Perspectives of Health of the Spouse in Arunachal Pradesh focusing on women and the behaviour of their spouse during pregnancy and delivery needs. The study has tried to find out the well being and importance of the women's health in the society. Women's health is important and further a woman's ill health affects not only her individually but the whole family suffers too. The study also has put an effort to reflect on the challenges faced by the women due to the reproductive nature of their body and the social stigma prevailing in the society.
Information and reports on the women's health, cultural practices and stigma hampering the social development in the tribal and modern society are included. The survey helped to enhance the knowledge regarding the women's health and the presence of women in the society......

Key Word: Sociological perspective, medicalisation, domestic violence, health facility.

........