IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: The effects of mass mediaoncivil rights agendasetting is largely unknown, particularly inMogadishu. Inorder to accomplish the general objective, the study sought to establish effects of mass media advocacy; massmedia reporting; and media lobbying on civil rights agenda setting,with reference to Mogadishu in Somalia.Thestudy adoptedadescriptivecross-sectional design where bothqualitative data and quantitative datawere collected. The study wasanchored on the agenda setting theory and sense making theory. The semistructuredquestionnairesandinterviewscheduleswereusedincollectionofdata.
Theresearchinstruments was developed by the researcher and appraised for validity. Pilot study was conducted inone oftheselectedlocationsofMogadishutoassessmentforthevalidityandreliabilityofthestudytools.......

[1]. Al-Zaquan A. & Belford A. (2015). "Pressure mounts on Myanmar over Asia 'boat people' crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
[2]. Bennett, W. L, Entman R. M. (2000). Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy (Communication, Society and Politics). Cambridge, New York. Cambridge University Press
[3]. Bou-Karroum, L., El-Jardali, F., Hemadi, N. et al. (2017). Using media to impact health policy- making: an integrative systematic review. Implementation Sci12, 52
[4]. Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Reliability and validity in qualitative research.
[5]. Cochran, C. L., & Malone, E. F. (2005). Public Policy: Perspectives and Choices. Columbia: Lynne Rienner Publishers..

Abstract: Napoleon`s invasion of Russia (1812) is one of the best-studied military campaigns in history. The most dealt with topic probably is why Napoleon suffered such a catastrophic defeat. Traditionally, English-language studies about strategies focused on French strategic blunders. Relatively few works have dealt with the Russian strategy. Recently, Dominic Lieven stressed on the Russian strategy in his excellent work, 'Russia against Napoleon' (2009). Alexander Mikaberidze also discussed it in his 'The Battle of Borodino' (2007). These works try to fill an important gap in the campaign`s history and also in the broader question of the campaign`s importance in Napoleon`s downfall. [1] The focus of this paper is precisely to discuss.......

[1]. Best English-language works dealing with the Russian strategy against Napoleon include Dominic Lieven, Russia against Napoleon (London: Allen Lane, 2009) and Alexander Mikaberidze, The Battle of Borodino (London: Pen & Sword, 2007). Also important are Mikaberidze, The Battle of the Berezina (London: Pen & Sword, 2010) and The Russian Officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792-1815 (New York, Savas Beatie, 2007).
[2]. Some excellent recent works dealing with the causes of the war include Adam Zamoyski, 1812: Napoleon`s Fatal March on Moscow (London: HarperCollins, 2004) and Richard K. Riehn, 1812: Napoleon`s Russian Campaign (New York: John Wiley, 1991).
[3]. Lieven, Russia against Napoleon, 125.
[4]. Friedrich Wilhelm to Alexander, April 30/May 12, 1812, in Briefwechsel König Friedrich Wilhelm III und der Königen Lusie mit Kaiser Alexander I, ed. P. Bailleu (Leipzig, 1900), 214-18.
[5]. About Alexander`s plans to restore Poland, see Adam Czartoryski, Mémoires, vol. II (Paris, 1887), 221, 227, 231..

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study is to find out the positive effects of Pilates mat exercises on chest expansion level, Q- angle and Body fat Percentage.
Methods: 40 clients were selected by convenient sampling at JSPL, Delhi who were divided into two groups consisting of the experimental group and control group each of 20 members. It was an experimental study which was carried out for 3 months. The inclusion criteria include clients of age 30 to 50 years males, smokers, sedentary lifestyle, disease free, BMI<24.9, up to 5 to 10 cigarettes per day. The exclusion criteria include patient with recent recent cardiac surgery and arrest, acute Pulmonary embolism, any cardio pulmonary surgery in between 6 months before study, any neurological deficit, any musculoskeletal deformity.
Findings: The results represent that both.......

Keywords: Pilates, Body fat, Chest expansion, Q-angle

[1]. Anderson BD, Spector A. Introduction to Pilates-based rehabilitation. Orthop Phys Ther Clin North Am. 2000;9(3):395-411.
[2]. Lange C, Unnithan V, Larkam E. Maximizing the benefits of Pilates-inspired exercise for learning functional motor skills. J Body MovTher. 2000;4(2):99-108.
[3]. Wells C, Kolt GS, Bialocerkowski A. Defining Pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complementary Therapy Medicine. 2012;20(4):253-262.
[4]. Carr BSJ, Day effect of directed spring guidance on rate of skill acquisition. JOSPT. 2004;(1):34.
[5]. Bernardo LM. The effectiveness of Pilates training in healthy adults: An appraisal of the research literature. J BodywMovTher. 2007;4:106-110..

Abstract: The God of Small Things(TGST) by Arundhati Roy is a wonderful presentation in black and white of the real life situations of the middle and lower middle class people. Success is a measuring tape by which we measure the length of happiness of a person. All the characters in the God of Small Things, characters directly related and indirectly related to the main story are unsuccessful in their business or bread earning activity, unsuccessful as lovers, unsuccessful as husband, wife, weeping at heart, though not actually seen as shedding tears and all are estranged from their so called near and dear ones. They do not have near and dear ones at all. Near, they all are of each other as they live under one roof but dear they are not of each other. They are only physically near but with no concern, for each other. Some due to their own doing, some due to their bad luck, some due to the revengeful act of others-they are all in the dark pit of unhappiness, failure and loneliness.

Keywords: Unfortunate, unsuccessful, unwelcome, unhappy

[1]. Das Sangeeta: The Predicament of Woman as Reflected in The works of Contemporary Indian woman from Indian Woman writers edited by R.K.Dhawan,Prestige Books,2003.
[2]. Pandit Nirzari: Societal Oppression: A Study of The God Of Small Things .Edited by Indira Bhatt and Indira Nityanandan. Creative Books 1999. New Delhi..

Abstract:In the literature concerning Byzantium usually the historical phenomena are analysed as they took place along the Eastern-Western axis of its territory. What my paper proposes is an alternative to this approach. Because of the need to circulate goods between the Mediterranean and the North Sea, roads were constructed to connect the two, and along these both merchandises (textiles, metal objects, etc.) and cultural items as manuscripts, ivory for book covers, pigments for painting, etc. were transported. The same thoroughfares and points of connection within a large network were used for religious purposes and by the military; the latter was evident especially during crusades, and that fact is well documented. I will bring testimonies to make a strong argument that the division 'North-South' within the Empire was as important as that 'East-West'....

[1]. Abadie-Reynal, Catherine; Vassiliki Kravari; Jacques Lefort (eds.), Hommes et richesses dans l'Empire byzantin, Paris: Lethielleux, 1989-1991, vols. 1-2
[2]. Alemany, Agustí, "Byzantine Sources". Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation, Leiden: Brill, 2000
[3]. Bhreathnach, Edel (ed.), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2005
[4]. Brown, Peter, "Eastern and Western Christendom in Late Antiquity: A Parting of the Ways", in The Orthodox Churches and the West, Oxford: Blackwell, vol. 13 (ed. Derek Baker), 1976
[5]. Brown, Peter, The Body and Society: men, women, and sexual renunciation in Early Christianity, London and Boston: Columbia University Press, 1990.

Abstract: Since time immemorial, the concept of Waḥdat al- wujūd (Unity of Being/Unity of Existence) has been considered a controversial and debatable topic throughout the world. This critical topic has created a vacuum between Orthodox Muslim scholars and Sūfī scholars. The orthodox Islāmic scholars considered it contrary to the Islāmic faith (Shari'ah). They admonished Ḥaḍrat Muḥy al-Din Ibn al-ʿArabī (رحمة الله عليه ) (d. 1240 CE/638 AH) for recognizing the Creator with creation. On the other hand, the Sūfī scholars have given it due regard and praised Ibn al ʿArabī (رحمة الله عليه ) for propagating the concept of Islāmic Tawhīd (Oneness of Allāh) hidden in it. One of the significant figures of Islām considered to be positively associated with this controversial concept is the tenth-century Muslim saint Ḥaḍrat Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (رحمة الله عليه ) (d. 922 CE/309 AH). He was executed for blasphemy or for propagating the heterodox ideas by Abbasid rulers in 922 CE/309 AH. His martyrdom, which had religious and political causes, was considered a reference point in Sufism's chronicles.

Keywords: Al-Hallāj, Taṣawwuf (Sufism), Waḥdat al- wujūd (Unity of Being/Unity of Existence), Anal-Haqq (I am Truth), blasphemy

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Abstract: English is a language spoken world- wide among people. The number of people speaking, reading, writing and learning the language are significantly increasing day by day. To gain a proficiency in any language a person should have acquired the four basic skills of that language, which are listening, speaking, reading and writing. To prove that they are the master of that language everyone should write and speak efficiently without any grammar mistakes. In fact, it is mandatory for every student to learn English. Learning to how to communicate through English language is sometimes very difficult for foreign students.
Through the mode of online education, it will not be fulfilling the demands of education. The sought of help that the students get in offline mode to improve their English communication skills is more beneficial, it also helps them to understand better.......

KEY WORDS: Communication, Skills, Mode

[1]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353827819_A_COMPARATIVE_STUDY_OF_TEACHING_GRAMMAR_IN_ONLINE_AND_OFFLINE_CLASSES
[2]. http://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/ijmer/pdf/volume10/volume10-issue2(1)/12.pdf
[3]. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6445&context=etd
[4]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341290965_On_the_Online_and_Offline_Hybrid_Teaching_Mode_of_College_English
[5]. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1134684.pdf