IOSR-JHSS   Volume-27 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: People generally believe that social exclusion issues are diminishing in the current day, even though difficulties persist in our society in many ways. Individuals are selfish and self-centred by nature. As a result, they mistreat others, which is the primary cause of social marginalization. The process of social exclusion not only impacted them physically but psychological, social, political and in other aspects of life. There are many constitutional provisions, but it failed to defend issues of the marginalized section, which is a very serious matter of concern. As a result, the researcher strives to illustrate the problems marginalized groups face on the ground level, which need to be debated in the academic sphere

Key Word: Social Exclusion; Caste-based Discrimination; Social Stratification; Odisha; Marginalised Section.

[1]. Adra, N. (2006). Social Exclusion Analysis - Yemen. http://www.najwaadra.net/yemense.pdf
[2]. Ambewadikar, J. (2015). Understanding Transition of Indian Society: A Study from Post-Modernist Perspective. Societies in Transition, 104. https://docplayer.net/42780119-Societies-in-transition.html
[3]. Bopanna, A. (n.d.). Scheduled caste and their welfare. Banglore IAS Academy.
[4]. Borroah, V. K., Sabharwal, N. S., Diwakar, D. G., Mishra, V. K., & Naik, A. K. (2015). Caste, Discrimination, and Exclusion in Modern India (V. K. Borooah, N. S. Sabharwal, D. G. Diwakar, V. K. Mishra, & A. K. Naik (eds.)). Sage Publication.
[5]. Chhetri, D. P. (2014). Divided Spaces: Discourse on social exclusion and women's in India. Gyan Publishing House.

Abstract: Politics in Nigeria has been replete with a lot of anomalies and upheavals because the country leaders, past and present have dragged religion and ethnicity into politics in their quests for leadership in the country. It's a known fact that since Nigeria's independence, more than half of her years as a freed state has been spent under military junta. However, it is disheartening to additionally understand that for the reason that goes back of Nigeria to the birth of democratic rule in 1999, power has shifted from the southern region to the north and returned to the south. However the recent ploys of politicians by means of using religion into politics thereby inflicting all kinds of mayhem.......

KEY WORDS:-Boko Haram insurgency, Religious violence, Ethnicity, Sustainable Development

[1]. Adedeji, A. (2009). 1000 Boko Haram Members In Prison, Awaiting Trial – Mustapha, In: The Punch (Lagos), 14 October, 14.
[2]. Adesoji, A. (2010). The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria. Africa Spectrum, 45(2), 95-108. Adisa, A. I. (2011). Boko Haram: Security Implication In Nigeria: A Paper Presented In Lagos At A Village Square Meeting On Security In Nigeria, Unpublished.
[3]. Adogame, A. (2010). How God became a Nigerian: Religious impulse and the unfolding of a nation. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 28(4), 479-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2010.512742 Akaeze, A. (2009). From Maitatsine To Boko Haram, Newswatch(Lagos), 28 October. Retrieved from Http://Www.Newswatchngr.Com/Index.Php?Option
[4]. Angerbrandt, H. (2011). Political decentralisation and conflict: The Sharia crisis in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29(1), 15-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2011.533057
[5]. Bakare, W., Ademola, A., & Hammed, S. (2009). Islamic Militant Leader Killed – Borno Government, In: The Punch (Lagos), 31 July, 5..

Abstract: Background: Organic farming as a sustainable agricultural practice is gaining wide popularity in India. However, the overall coverage of organic farming in the country is only 2%. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in severe decline in soil fertility, along with environmental pollution, death of beneficial insects, birds, soil microorganisms, etc., and has also posed serious threat to human health due to contamination of food by such chemicals. In order to understand the status of chemical and organic input use in Indian agriculture, this paper has attempted to calculate the growth rates in consumption of chemical and organic fertilizers and pesticides in.......

KEY WORDS:- chemical farming, CAGR, composite index, organic farming, organic policies

[1]. Abrol, I.P. undated. Agriculture in India. Center for Advancement of Sustainable Agriculture. Retrieved from https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/reports/sereport/ser/vision2025/agricul.doc (accessed on 20 August 2021).
[2]. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2020. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare., Govt. of India.
[3]. Antony Joben, K. 2019. The Economics of Organic Farming in Wayanad district of Kerala. Ph.D. Thesis. Sree Sankara College. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kalady. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/273395
[4]. Barman, M., S. Paul, A.G. Chowdhury, and P. Roy. 2017. 'Biofertilizer as Prospective Input for Sustainable Agriculture in India'. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(11):1177-1186. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.141
[5]. Bharucha, Z., S.M. Mitjans, and J. Pretty. 2020. 'Towards redesign at scale through Zero Budget Natural Farming in Andhra Pradesh, India'. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability.18(1):1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2019.1694465.

Abstract: Background: Shiller (2013), Nobel-winning economist, has stated that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is among the most important problems that Americans have to deal with today. In reality, the onward trend towards unequal income distribution has existed in the U.S. for a long time; however, after the Great Recession 2008, the issue has become significant when income gap among the classes, especially the gap between the top 1 percent and the bottom 99 percent, was at the highest level. The study aims to answer the question: What are the causes of severe income inequality among American social classes? Materials and Methods: To conduct the study content analysis research method is adopted to employ statistics, articles, reports and studies.......

KEY WORDS:- Great Recession 2008, income, inequality, issue, gap

[1]. Andrew Fieldhouse, & Pollack, E. (2011). Tenth Anniversary of The Bush-eraTax Cuts: A decade later, the Bush tax cuts remain expensive, ineffective, and unfair.
[2]. Acemoglu, D. (2002). Technical change, inequality and the labor market.
[3]. Aron-Dine, A. (2008). Have the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts Made the Tax Code More Progressive? , from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=1193
[4]. Bernstein, J. (2013). The Impact of Inequality on Growth.
[5]. Bivens, J. (2007). Globalization, American wages, and inequality: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract: The article attempts to read Rabindranath Tagore's play Raktakarabi as a play that internalizes the pain of the diggers subjugated by the cold iron rule of the King. Here the King is represented as the one with power and hegemony but who himself has been controlled by the iron clutches of the guardians of force and imperialism. It was important to break free from this suppression and liberate those caged in oppression and tyranny. Significantly, Tagore chose a woman, Nandini to stand up against all odds and instill into the minds of the people of Yaksha Town their rightful existence as human kinds. All that the people needed was a hand to lead them and show them the way. Nandini instill feelings of courage in the diggers and the King until they finally raised their hands against control walking freely towards liberty and emancipation.

KEY WORDS:- woman, strength, control, force, freedom

[1]. Das, Bijay Kumar. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. New Delhi: Atlantic Pub, 2002. Print.
[2]. Das Sisir Kumar Ed. Rabindranath Tagore Volume Two & Three. SahityaAkademi. Delhi, 2008. Print.
[3]. Dhar, Nikhilesh. "An Ecofeminist Reading of Tagore's The Red Oleander." Web. 10th January 2022. http://www.researchspectrumindia.com/Pdf/RS/Feburary-2013/20%20Nikhilesh%20Dhar.pdf
[4]. Gupta, Uma Das. Rev of "Red Oleanders; Rabindranath Tagore, A new translation and adaptation by NupurGangopadhyayLahiri. Web. 7th February 2022.
http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/brRedOleanders.html
[5]. Islam, Asiya. "Tagore's Women: Strong women who dominate on and off the stage." Web. 6th January. 2014. http://sharmilathewriter.com/interviews-and-press/tagores-women-strong-women-who-dominate-on-and-off-the-stage-by-asiya-islam/ April 2022

Abstract: Spain's ambition to maintain its presence in the Sahara region is intrinsically linked to its longing to exploit the Atlantic coast fishery resources, as well as the discovery of large phosphate deposits in 1963. Despite the failure of the effective possession of the Sahara, the Spanish Government sought to maintain its presence in the region, even during the retrocession of the Saharan territory to Morocco under the terms of Madrid Agreements. These Agreements were naturally to put an end to the responsibilities and influence of Spain and would furthermore lead to a final peaceful dispute resolution. However, Algeria, which maintained privileged economic relations with Spain, in addition to its hegemonic claims over the region, expressed its contestation of Madrid agreements terms....

[1]. Robert Rézette, Le Sahara occidental et les frontières marocaines, Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1975, p : 176.
[2]. Maurice Barbier, Le conflit du Sahara occidental, l'Harmattan, 1982 p : 357.
[3]. Marcelo Kohen, « La notion de possession contestée », In : Possession contestée et souveraineté nationale, en ligne, Genève, Graduate Institute Publications, 1997, http://books.openedition.org/iheid/1302, consulté le 28.03.2022.
[4]. Michel Virally, Panorama du droit international contemporain, Cours général de droit international public, Volume 5, Académie de droit international, Martinus Nijhoff Publications, p : 146.
[5]. Patrick Daillier et Alain Pellet, Droit international public, 6ème édition LGDJ, Paris, 1999, p : 526

Abstract: Population of physically disabled people has been increased day by day. It is important to prevent their problems from childhood. This research focuses on psychological problems of physically disabled adolescents. Resilience is important psychological component to survive in society.The aim of current study was to study the effect of laughter therapy on resilience among physically disabled adolescents. This was control experimental pre post study. The sample of 80 having male and female is taken for this study and their age range was 13-19 years. For this study barthier university resilience scale by Dr. Annalaxmi was used. Mean, S.D., independent and paired sample t test and ANCOVA were used for the analysis of collected data. Researcher concludes thatlaughter therapy intervention significantly affect post test scores of resilience of physically disabled adolescents.

KEY WORDS:- Laughter therapy, Resilience, Physically Disabled Adolescents

[1]. Beckman Greene, C. M., Morgan, J. C., Traywick, L. S., & Mingo, C. A. (2016). Evaluation of a Laughter-based Exercise Program on Health and Self-efficacy for Exercise. The Gerontologist, 57(6), 1051-1061.
[2]. Caruana, F. (2017). Laughter as a Neurochemical Mechanism Aimed at Reinforcing Social Bonds: Integrating Evidence from Opioidergic Activity and Brain Stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(36), 8581-8582.
[3]. Dawson, M., Ann Pooley, J., & Dve, J. (2013). Resilience: The Role of Optimism, Perceived Parental Autonomy Support and Perceived Social Support in First Year University Students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 1(2), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v1i2.137
[4]. DeCaro, D. S., & Brown, J. L. C. (2016). Laughter Yoga, Adults Living With Parkinson ׳ s Disease, and
Caregivers: A Pilot Study. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 12(3), 196-199.
[5]. Fukuoka, A., Ueda, M., Ariyama, Y., Iwai, K., Kai, Y., Kunimatsu, M., & Kimura, H. (2016). Effect of Laughter Yoga on Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract: Life skills are adaptable and positive behavioural characteristics that enable people to deal well with the demands and obstacles of daily life. Teaching life skills as generic skills in the context of everyday life could constitute the cornerstone of life skills education for the enhancement of mental well-being, healthy interaction, and behaviour. On this foundation, further problem-specific abilities could be built, such as assertively dealing with peer temptations to use drugs, have unprotected sex, or become involved in vandalism. The type of life skills will invariably be determined.....

KEY WORDS:- Life skills, psychosocial, competences, mental health

[1]. Keikhayfarzaneh M.M (2011). The effectiveness of life skills training in familial stress & social acceptance in employees of some offices in zahedan city[Dissertation]. Tonekabon: Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch. (8)
[2]. Khalatbari, J., Keikhayfarzaneh, M. M., Ghorbanshiroudi, S., Abolghasemi, S., & Motamed, S. (2011). Psychological explanation of the importance of life skills training programs, applications and challenges facing to it. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2(8), 1-4.
[3]. Macmillan education, August 09, 2019. Why are life skills important? https://www.macmillanenglish.com/us/blog-resources/article/why-are-life-skills-important
[4]. Nair, A. R. & Hardikar, G. (2021). Swami Vivekananda's Philosophy of Life Skills Education. IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 26(5), 01-07.
[5]. Life Skills Education for Children and Adolescents in Schools (Report). World Health Organization. Retrieved 29 December 2020.