IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2026

Abstract: This research paper aims to unveil life lessons from great sage Valmiki's Ramayana & Goswami Tulsidas’s Shri Ramcharitmanas epics which represents Lord Shri Ram as the Supreme Maryada Purushottam Person and Situational Nayaka, therefore archetypal common man and not God himself. The epic Ramayana showcases the journey of Lord Shri Ram. This paper includes various verses from the epic with its meaning and its relevance in modern circumstances. The incidents of Ramayana & the character showcased by Lord Shri Ram exemplifies expected human behaviour in today’s tough situations........

Key Words: Lord Shri Ram, Ramayana, Ramcharitmanas, Life lessons, Ethical Values

[1]. Goswami Tulsidas. Shri Ramcharitmanas , Geeta Press, Gorakhpur
[2]. Rani, M., Yogi, A. K., & Deo, G. (2022). The concept of life skills employed in the epic Ramayana: A theoretical perspectives. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 314-317. https://doi.org/10.54660/anfo.2022.3.5.14
[3]. Govil, P., & Sharma, Y. (2020). The strength of interpersonal relationship in Ramcharitmanas: An analysis. Positive Psychology: Indian Perspectives, 89-101. https://doi.org/10.31995/book.ab130-ju20.chapter9
[4]. Dutta, A. P. (2024). Leading through crisis: Lessons from Hanuman's journey to Lanka as depicted in Sundarkand. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, 08(04), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30579
[5]. Dalwadi, P. (2024). Lessons on ethics, courage and loyalty for today’s organisations from the Ramayana. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4885226

Abstract: The history of mathematics and astronomy reflects humanity’s continuous quest to understand the universe and develop systematic methods for measurement, calculation, and scientific inquiry. This paper presents a historical review of the contributions made by ancient and medieval mathematicians and astronomers, with particular emphasis on Indian scholars and their influence on global scientific development. Using a systematic literature review approach guided by PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the study examines historical texts, scholarly publications, and documented evidence relating to major mathematical and astronomical advancements across different civilizations. The review highlights the pioneering contributions of scholars such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira, Bhaskara.......

Keywords: Mathematics History, Astronomy History, Ancient Indian Mathematics, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Varahamihira, Bhaskara II, Madhava of Sangamagrama, Trigonometry, Calculus, Planetary Motion, Celestial Mechanics, Scientific Heritage, Mathematical Astronomy, History of Science.

[1]. Al-Biruni. (1030). Al-Qanun al-Mas’udi. Translated by E. C. Sachau.
[2]. Bag, A. K. (2002). Indian Mathematics and Astronomy: Some Landmarks. Jnana Pravaha.
[3]. Berggren, J. L. (2007). Mathematics in ancient Iraq. Princeton University Press.
[4]. Berggren, J. L. (2016). Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History. Princeton University Press.
[5]. Bhattacharya, A. (2013). Indian astronomy: A historical perspective. Springer

Abstract: China’s increasing engagement with Southeast Asia represents a significant political and developmental trend in the twenty-first century. This study analyzes how China’s effort toward development strategies, bilateral cooperation frameworks, and civil society initiatives generates a measurable social impact in Cambodia, the Philippines, and Thailand, with a focus on education, medical health, and sustainable development. By employing policy analysis, case studies, and secondary literature, the research examines Chinese-funded friendship schools, educational training programs, medical team deployments, and clean-energy investments in the Southeast Asia region....

Key words- China-Southeast Asia relations; social impact; education development; health cooperation; sustainable development; Cambodia; Philippines; Thailand.

[1]. Baviera, A. S. P. (2016). People’s Republic of China country report. In L. Sinkkonen & F. Tardy (Eds.), Managing China's rise: ASEAN, the United States and the future of Southeast Asia (pp. 45–68). Routledge.
[2]. Becker, H. A. (2001). Social impact assessment. European Journal of Operational Research, 128(2), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00074-6
[3]. Chen, J., & Wu, Y. (2020). China’s medical diplomacy in Southeast Asia: A historical and comparative analysis. Asian Journal of Social Science, 48(3–4), 267–291. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04803007
[4]. Dreher, A., Fuchs, A., Parks, B., Strange, A., & Tierney, M. J. (2021). Aid, China, and growth: Evidence from a new global development finance dataset. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 13(2), 135–174. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180631
[5]. Gallagher, K. P., & Irwin, A. (2014). Exporting national champions: China’s outward foreign direct investment finance in comparative perspective. China and World Economy, 22(6), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12089

Abstract: “Chait Parab” is a colorful seasonal festival observed by the Paraja tribe inhabiting in the Koraput district of Southern Odisha, reveals the complex relationship between rituals, music, and dance as well as how they are related to tribal identity formation. The current study seeks to explore the cultural implications of the “Chait Parab” festival, with a special focus on the performing tradition of “Dhemsa” dance and its related musical instruments, along with their nomenclature and meanings in the”Desia culture” domain. The article, with the aid of ethnographic research, tries to reveal how the performing rituals during the festival contribute to identity formation and social cohesion.....

Keywords: Chait Parab, Dhemsa dance, folk instruments, Desia culture, Konda Paraja, traditional attire, tribal identity, cultural preservation, performative traditions, modernization in Odisha, Koraput, Southern Odisha

[1]. Rath, S., & Ormsby, A. A. (2020). Conservation through traditional knowledge: a review of research on the sacred groves of Odisha, India. Human Ecology, 48(4), 455-463.
[2]. Dash, P. K. Sociocultural and Literary Potential of the Traditional Odia Oral Narratives: A Critical Review.
[3]. Malik, G., & Sethi, S. (2023). ROLE OF IMBUING INTERACTIONS ON THE SOCIAL FABRIC OF GOND TRIBE-A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW.
[4]. Perme, M. N., & Kar, N. (2024). A SOCIO-CULTURAL STUDY OF MEYOR TRIBE IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH: AN OVERVIEW. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology, 2(9), 37-54.
[5]. KUMAR, A., & JAISWAL, Y. A Critical Review towards Understanding Nomadic Tribes in India: A Case Study of Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir.

Abstract: Urban growth on the peripheries of Indian cities is one of the important spatial processes affecting cities in contemporary urban India. The paper gives a comparative spatial analysis of growing cities, namely Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Lucknow in terms of land-use/land-cover transformation. The results utilizing an internally consistent modelled geospatial dataset geared to Dynamic World, Landsat, ESA WorldCover, GHSL, Census of India and OpenStreetMap variables show a clear increase in built-up land in all selected city....

Keywords: Urban expansion; land-use transformation; Indian cities; GIS; remote sensing; built-up area; spatial analysis; urban sprawl; sustainable urban planning

[1]. Al Mazroa, A., Maashi, M., Kouki, F., Othman, K. M., Salih, N., Elfaki, M. A., & Begum, S. S. (2024). An analysis of urban sprawl growth and prediction using remote sensing and machine learning techniques. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 140, Article 104988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.104988
[2]. Brown, C. F., Brumby, S. P., Guzder-Williams, B., Birch, T., Hyde, S. B., Mazzariello, J., Czerwinski, W., Pasquarella, V. J., Haertel, R., Ilyushchenko, S., Schwehr, K., Weisse, M., Stolle, F., Hanson, C., Guinan, O., Moore, R., & Tait, A. M. (2022). Dynamic World, near real-time global 10 m land use land cover mapping. Scientific Data, 9, 251. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01307-4
[3]. Census of India. (2011). Primary Census Abstract: Urban Agglomerations and Cities. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. https://censusindia.gov.in/
[4]. Chatterjee, U., & Majumdar, S. (2022). Impact of land use change and rapid urbanization on urban heat island in Kolkata city: A remote sensing based perspective. Journal of Urban Management, 11(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2021.09.002
[5]. Chettry, V. (2022a). Geospatial measurement of urban sprawl using multi-temporal datasets from 1991 to 2021: Case studies of four Indian medium-sized cities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(12), Article 860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10542-6.

Abstract: Sanitation workers constitute one of the most marginalized occupational groups in India. Despite constitutional safeguards, legal protections, and welfare schemes, sanitation work continues to be closely associated with historically disadvantaged caste communities. This paper examines the interrelationship between caste, social stigma, and occupational identity among sanitation workers in Punjab through a review of sociological literature, government reports, and policy documents. Drawing upon the theoretical contributions of B. R. Ambedkar, Erving Goffman, Louis Dumont, Everett Hughes, Pierre Bourdieu, and Max Weber, the study argues that caste.....

Keywords: Caste, Occupational Identity, Punjab, Sanitation Workers, Social Exclusion, Stigma, Social Exclusion

[1]. Alves, B. (2022). Sanitation and the caste system in India: A tribute to B. R. Ambedkar.
[2]. Ambedkar, B. R. (1936). Annihilation of caste. Jat-Pat Todak Mandal.
[3]. Beteille, A. (1965). Caste, class and power: Changing patterns of stratification in a Tanjore village. University of California Press.
[4]. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
[5]. Dalberg Advisors, & WaterAid. (2021). Sanitation workers in India: Who they are and how they work.

Abstract: Background: Bangladesh has achieved a remarkable decline in its Total Fertility Rate (TFR) over recent decades; however, understanding the remaining drivers of elevated fertility is essential for achieving national population stabilisation and the Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the contemporary socio-demographic and economic determinants influencing reproductive outcomes among Bangladeshi women.
Methodology: Using nationallye.....

Keywords: fertility transition; Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey; binary logistic regression; socioeconomic determinants; post-hoc contraception; reproductive timing; Bangladesh

[1]. Adhikari, R. (2010). Demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors affecting fertility differentials in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 10(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-19
[2]. Adugna, A. (2018). Determinants of the Number of Children Born to Reproductive Women in Ethiopia: Sampling Cluster Based National Spatial Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey Data. Journal of Geography and Geology, 10, 29. https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v10n4p29
[3]. Afreen, K., Ordine, P., & Rose, G. (2024). Association between Education and Fertility: New Evidence from the Study in Pakistan. Economies, 12, 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12100261
[4]. Ahmed, S., Nahar, S., Amin, M. N., & Shirin, S. (2007). Age at Marriage and Fertility Pattern of Adolescent Married Women in Rural Bangladesh. Ibrahim Medical College Journal, 1(2), 9–12. https://doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v1i2.2898
[5]. Akram, R., Sarker, A. R., Sheikh, N., Ali, N., Mozumder, M. G. N., & Sultana, M. (2020). Factors associated with unmet fertility desire and perceptions of ideal family size among women in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationwide Demographic and Health Survey. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0233634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233634.

Abstract: The formation of Mizoram as a full-fledged state of the Indian Union in 1987 remains one of the most distinctive political developments in post-independence India. Unlike other Indian states created primarily through linguistic reorganization or administrative restructuring, Mizoram emerged from a prolonged insurgency movement led by the Mizo National Front (MNF). Rooted in historical neglect, ethnic assertion, political alienation, and the traumatic experience of the Mautam famine of 1959, the Mizo movement transformed from a humanitarian....

Keywords: Mizoram, Mizo National Front, Mautam, Insurgency Movement, Mizo Nationalism, Mizoram Peace Accord 1986, Ethnic Identity, Northeast India, State Formation, Federalism, Conflict Resolution

[1]. Baruah, Sanjib. Durable Disorder: Understanding the Politics of Northeast India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.
[2]. Chatterjee, Suhas. Mizo Nationalism and the Peace Process. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1994.
[3]. Hluna, J.V. Christianity and Insurgency in Mizoram. New Delhi: Scholar Publications, 2012.
[4]. Nunthara, C. “Mizoram: Society and Polity.” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1989.
[5]. Prasad, R.N. The Mizo Insurrection. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987..

Abstract: This essay argues that Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981) and Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things (1997) function not merely as literary works but as counter-archival historical documents that recover epistemological traditions suppressed by British colonial education in India. The colonial epistemological project — executed through Macaulay's 1835 Minute on Indian Education, James Mill's historiographical apparatus, and Protestant.....

Keywords: postcolonial literature; magical realism; colonial epistemology; counter-archive; Global South; Rushdie; Roy; India

[1]. Ahmad, Aijaz. “Jameson’s Rhetoric of Otherness and the ‘National Allegory.’” Social Text 17 (Autumn 1987): 3–25.
[2]. Brennan, Timothy. Salman Rushdie and the Third World. London: Macmillan, 1989.
[3]. Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
[4]. Cohn, Bernard S. Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
[5]. Davis, Natalie Zemon. Fiction in the Archives: Pardon Tales and Their Tellers in Sixteenth-Century France. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987..

Abstract: Among the most widely researched constructs in educational psychology, academic motivation remains an uneven and patchy theoretical field. The present narrative review examines the major theories of academic motivation, including Self-Determination Theory, Expectancy-Value Theory, Achievement Goal Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory, along with their principal arguments, empirical support, and contributions to explaining learning behavior within the context of academic motivation. Points of convergence and divergence across the different models, their implications for research.....

Keywords: Academic motivation; Self-Determination Theory; Expectancy-Value Theory; Achievement Goal Theory; higher education

[1]. Bandhu, D., Murali Mohan, M., Nittala, N. A. P., Jadhav, P., Bhadauria, A., & Saxena, K. K. (2024). Theories of motivation: A comprehensive analysis of human behavior drivers. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104177
[2]. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
[3]. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
[4]. Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist,41(10), 1040-1048.
[5]. Eccles, J. S., Adler, T., Futterman, R., Goff, S., Kaczala, C., Meece, J., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In J.T Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation (pp. 75-146). W.H.Freeman..

Abstract: As agricultural modernization accelerates, conventional agricultural production is facing multiple challenges, including labor shortages, low operational efficiency, resource waste, and environmental pressure. Against this background, technologies associated with the low-altitude economy, represented by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are being rapidly integrated into the entire agricultural production chain in Northeast China. They have become......

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[2] ZHOU Z Y, ZANG Y, LUO X W, et al. Technology Development Strategy for the Plant Protection Aviation Industry in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(24): 1-10. (in Chinese)
[3] LAN Y B, CHEN S D, DENG J Z, et al. Development Situation and Problem Analysis of Plant-Protection UAVs in China[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2019, 40(5): 217-225. (in Chinese)
[4] ZHANG Y L, GAO Q C, DENG J Z, et al. Effects of Reduced Pesticide Application on Rice Planthopper Control by an M45 Multi-Rotor Plant-Protection UAV[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 36-42. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202103002. (in Chinese)
[5] XINHUA NEWS AGENCY. Drones “Take Up Duty” for Fertilization at the Qingshan Branch of Beidahuang Agriculture Co., Ltd.[EB/OL]. (2024-04-18)[2026-06-22]. http://hlj.news.cn/20240418/f4af63eff0ab494890ae9e51ab0d5b9f/c.html. (in Chinese)