iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Enhanced Accessibility to Transport Infrastructure for People with Disabilities Living in Urban Areas in Benghazi Libya
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Alkhansa M. R. A. ljanzouri || Dr. ir.m.Ruslin Anwar,m.si. || Dr. Yulvi Zaika
	:	10.9790/1684-11140106

Abstract: This paper discusses the concept of accessibility for disability people and how it can be incorporated in transport planning. Accessibility refers to people's ability to reach goods, services and activities, which is the ultimate goal of most transport activity. Many factors affect accessibility and the many obstacles facing the disabled .Accessibility can be evaluated from various perspectives, including a particular disability person , location or activity. Conventional planning tends to overlook and undervalue some of these factors and perspectives. More comprehensive analysis of accessibility in planning expands the scope of potential solutions to transport problems. This report summarizes the work undertaken in Phase I of the project, which investigated the status quo and needs and barriers in my case study (Benghazi); Phase II of the project intends to assess the applicability of current guidelines and standards.
Keywords: Accessibility - Transport Infrastructure – barriers faced by disabilities people.

[1] World Health Organization (WHO), Interna-tional classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps (Geneva 1980), pp.27-29; and World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons,para. 6.
[2] (Libyan Social Security Corporation(2012))
[3] Ministry Responsible for People with Disabilities Report, A Report on Disabled Persons, No. 23, pp 75 January 2006
[4] Walter G. Hansen (1959), "How Accessibility Shapes Land Use," Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 73-76
[5] Bureau of Statistics and Census Libya , National Survey of residents 2012 .

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Risk Management in EPC Contract - Risk Identification
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rahul Bali , Prof M.R Apte
	:	10.9790/1684-11140712

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the major risks identified in an EPC Contract which may affect the project. These are the practices as a part of risk management. The key benefits of this process is the documentation of existing risks and the knowledge and ability it provides to the project team to anticipate events. Risk identification is an iterative process, new risks may evolve or become known, as the project progresses through its life cycle. The frequency of iteration and participation in each cycle will vary by situation. The process should involve the project team so they can develop and maintain a sense of ownership and responsibility for the risks and associated risk response actions. Stakeholders outside the project team may provide additional objective information.

[1]. A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK) Fifth Edition, 2013 Project Management Institute, Inc.
[2]. Debasis Sarkar & Goutam Datta (2011) A Framework of Project Risk Management for the Underground Corridor Construction of Metro Rail , IIM Ahmedabad, W.P No 2011-02-05
[3]. Kinnaresh Patel (2013) A study on risk assessment and its management in India, American Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2013, pp. 64-67. doi: 10.11648 / j.ajce .20130102.13
[4]. K K Chitkara, Construction Project Management, Second Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt Ltd.
[5]. Manual on Water Supply and Treatment i.e The Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation [CPHEEO].GOI under MoUD, para 5.2.6.3, page81, edition 3
[6]. Project Risk Management Handbook, Scalable Approach, Ver 1, June 2012
[7]. Patrica Gallowoway,PE, 1750, Design-Build/EPC Contractor's Heightened Risk Changes in a Changing World CEO Pegasus-Global Holdings, Inc, Emerick Rd,Cle Elum, WA 98922

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Admixture and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Mix Design
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shubha Khatri
	:	10.9790/1684-11141317

Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to show the impact of Admixtures and Rice husk on concrete structures by conducting an experimental study in the laboratory to improve the cubic strength of concrete structures. Super plasticizer Conplast 430: G-8 as an Admixture is added in concrete mix design. Compressive strength of concrete cubes with Admixture at 7 and 28 days for M-20 grade has been found to be Superior as compare to without Admixture. Similarly,

[1] K. Parikh and D. J Dhyani. , Use of Micro Steel Fibers in Concrete with Innovative Supplementary Material Silica Fume- A Review, Indian Journal of Research, PARIPEX, Vol.2 (4), 2013, 143-145.
[2] M. Khaled and E. Ozgur, Effect of Cement Content and Water/Cement Ratio on Fresh Concrete Properties without Admixtures, International Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol.6 (24), 2011, 5752–5765.
[3] A.A. Godwin, E.E. Maurice, Akobo, I.Z.S and O.U. Joseph, Structural Properties of Rice Husk Ash Concrete, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.3 (3), 2013, 57-62.
[4] S. D. Nagrale, H. Hemant and R.M. Pankaj, Utilization of Rice Husk Ash, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2 (4), 2012, 1-5.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nodal Integration Technique in Meshless Method
Country	:	Morocco
Authors	:	Ahmed MJIDILA, Salah Eddine JALAL, Lahbib BOUSSHINE, Zakaria EL LASKAOUI
	:	10.9790/1684-11141826

Abstract: In this paper an integration technique is resented. In 1985, G.R. Lui and coworkers used this technique to integrate weak form formulation over line support in 1D case or over support-Domain in 2D case in Finite Element and Meshless methods. Present paper shows the results calculus by a Fortran Code, written in our laboratory, in both cases: regular and irregular nodal distribution.

Keywords: Node, Gauss quadrature, Nodal Integration, Mesh-less method, Stiffness ma t r i x .

[1] Rong Liu, Meshfree methods: moving beyond the finite element method (CRC Press LLC, 2003).
Theses:
[2] Zhang Guiyong, Theory Development of Meshless Methods for three dimensional and adaptive analyses of Mechanics problems, doctoral diss., National University, SINGAPORE, 2007.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of deviations in Autoclave curing of fiber Composite parts using RCCA ( Root Cause Corrective Action) methodology
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.Vijaya Kumar, Krishna Murari, Dr.Mir Safiulla, Dr.A.N Khaleel Ahmed
	:	10.9790/1684-11142736

Abstract: Autoclave curing is an intrinsic process in manufacturing of fiber reinforced composites for aeronautical applications.During curing process, the physical, mechanical and chemical properties are imparted to the composite parts. The quality of a cured part relies on the controlled curing process and its parameters. Any deviation in these parameters result in defects and poor strength.

[1]. Neeraj Rai, Ranga Pitchumani (1997) " Optimal cure cycles for the fabrication of thermosetting-matrix composites" Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, U-139 Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139.
[2]. N. Ersoy, K. Potter, M.R. Wisnom, and M.J. Clegg, Compos. A (2005), 36, 1700 .
[3]. P. Hubert, A. Johnston, A. Poursartip, and K. Nelson,(2001) "Cure Kinetics and Viscosity Models for Hexcel 8552 Epoxy Resin," in A Materials and Processes Odyssey, 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Long Beach, CA, May 6-10.
[4]. L. Sun, S.-S. Pang, A.M. Sterling, I.I. Negulescu, and M.A. Stubblefield, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 1074(2002).
[5]. M. Buczek, D. Mason, C.W. Lee, and A. Saunders, (1999) "Proactive Control of Curing Composites," in Proceedings of the 44th International SAMPE Symposium, Long Beach, CA,
[6]. J. Player, M. Roylance, W. Zukas, and D.K. Roylance, (Nov .2000)"UTL Consolidation and Out-of-Autoclave Curing of Thick Composite Structures," in 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference, Boston,MA,757,
[7]. P. Hubert, A. Johnston, A. Poursartip, and K. Nelson ,(2005) "Cure Kinetics and Viscosity Models for Hexcel 8552 Epoxy Resin," in A Materials and Processes Odyssey, 46th International SAMPE

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Economic House for the Developing Countries
Country	:	Libya
Authors	:	Mohamed Abdalla Almherigh
	:	10.9790/1684-11143743

Abstract: Building houses are no longer a primary need. In the 21th century, they have developed into an art of self-expression and definition. The barriers of traditional housing have been replaced by creativity and cultural subjectivity. But despite the increasing development, economic consideration was never left behind. However, the term 'economic' does not really define as 'small' anymore, but rather 'efficient'. Designs that incorporate energy efficient considerations are increasing especially in rural and arid areas. We discover that desert areas contain many possibilities of increased house efficiency, but common desert design has seemed to neglect them. There are several methods of producing and preserving independent energy for daily requirements that we suggest.

[1]. Brittain, Richard G. & Karpiscak, Martin M. 1989, 'Desert house: Water and Energy Conservation in the Sonoran Desert', [Online] Available at: http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/ALN/aln28/brittain.html
[2]. 'Energywise House', 2005, Bobvila, [Online] Available at: http://www.bobvila.com/ArticleLibrary/Subject/Special_Features/EnergyWise_House/eHouse.html
[3]. Greenspun, Philip. 2004, 'House Design Ideas', Materialism, [Online] Available at http://philip.greenspun.com/materialism/house-design/

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Initial Strain Problems Formulation of Combined Materials
Country	:	Libya
Authors	:	Mohamed Abdalla Almherigh
	:	10.9790/1684-11144447

Abstract:A typical in plane elastic analysis of two combined materials is proposed, using simple and believed to be efficient model that can easily take into consideration, self-weight of used materials, strains due to causes other than loading; such as moisture, temperature, creep and shrinkage are easily incorporated. Simple finite element method formulation is introduced; the two proposed elements for use are presented, then a simple efficient computer program is presented, a list of dominant used references for finite element technique are lastly proposed.

[1]. BOWES, W, H and RUSSEL, L. T, "Stress analysis by Finite Element for Practicing Engineers", 1975, D. C. Heath and Company,
Lexington, Massachusetts, US.
[2]. KLAUS-JURGEN BATHE, "Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis" 1982, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey.
[3]. ROBERT D. COOK, "Concepts and Application of Finite Element Analysis", 1981, John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Canada.
[4]. O. C. ZIENKIEWICZ "The Finite Element Method", 3rd Edition 1977, McGraw-Hill, UK Limited.
[5]. I. M. SMITH and D. V. GRIFFITHS, "Finite Element Method" 2004, John Wiley & Sons Itd. UK.
[6]. MOHAMED A. MOHAMED "Analysis of Low Rise Masonry Walls Subjected to Thermal and Moisture Deformations", 1984,
Masters of Engineering Thesis Work, University Of Carlton, Ottawa, Canada.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigations on Thermal Conductivity of Palm Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ramesh Chandra Mohapatra, Antaryami Mishra, Bibhuti Bhushan Choudhury
	:	10.9790/1684-11144852

Abstract:The palm fibre reinforced polyester composites (PFRP) have been prepared by using hand- lay- up technique. The thermal conductivity of the palm fibre reinforced polyester composites at different volume fractions of the fibre is determined experimentally by using Lee's apparatus. The principle of heat transfer by conduction through a bad conductor is equal to the quantity of heat transfer by radiation from metallic disc has been applied. The experimental results shows that the thermal conductivity of the composite increases with increase in fibre percentage.

[1] Maxwell J.C., "A Treaties on Electricity and Magnetism," 3rd Ed. New York: Dover, 1954.
[2] Agrawal, R., Saxeena, N.S., Sreekala, M.S., and Thomas, S., "Effect of Treatment on the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal
Diffusivity of Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Phenol FormaldehydeComposites," Jou. Polym. Sci. B. Vol. 38, 2000, pp. 916-921.
[3] Saxena, N. S., Agarwal, R., Sharma, K. B., Thomas, S. and Pathan, L. A., "Thermal Conduction and Diffusion Through Glass-
Banana Fibre Polyester Composites," Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys., Vol.41 (6), 2003, pp. 448-452.
[4] Fu, S. Y. and Mai, Y.W., "Thermal Conductivity of Misaligned Short Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites," J. Appl. Polymer
Sci., Vol. (88), 2003, pp. 1497-1505.
[5] Mangal, R., Saxena, N. S., Sreekala, M., S., Thomas and Singh, K., "Thermal Properties of Pine Apple Leaf Fibre Reinforced
Composites," Aterial Sci, Eng., Vol. 339 (1), 2003, pp. 281-285.
[6] Sweeting, R. D. and Liu, X. L, "Measurement of Thermal Conductivity for Fibre Reinforced Composites," Cmposite A: Appl. Sci.
Manuf., Vol. 35 (7), 2004, pp. 933-938.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design Manufacturing and Cost Estimation of Camshaft Used In Two Wheeler
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V. Mallikarjuna, N. Jashuva, G. Nagaraju, B. Rama Bhupal Reddy
	:	10.9790/1684-11145367

Abstract: The camshaft and its associated parts control the opening and closing of the two valves. The associated parts are push rods, rocker arms, valve springs and tappets. This shaft also provides the drive to the ignition system. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing gears. Cams are made as integral parts of the camshaft and are designed in such a way to open the valves at the correct timing and to keep them open for the necessary duration. In this project, a camshaft is designed for a two wheeler engine by using theoretical calculations. Cam profile is designed by using the calculations. A 3D model of the Camshaft is created using modeling software Pro/Engineer.

[1] Handbook of Die Design by Ivana Suchy
[2] Machine Design by R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd., New Delhi
[3] Pro/Engineer WildFire 2.0 by Steven G. Smith
[4] Product Design and Manufacturing by R.C. Gupta and A.K. Chaitle
[5] Theory of Machines by P.L. Ballney, Khanna Publishing, New Delhi.
[6] Theory of Machines by R.S. Khurmi and J.K. Gupta, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.
[7] Theory of Machines by S.S. Rattan, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Computer Aided Design and Simulation of Radial Fatigue Test of Automobile Rim Using ANSYS
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Emmanuel M. Adigio, Ebughni O. Nangi
	:	10.9790/1684-11146873

Abstract: A finite element based method is used to simulate the radial test of an automobile wheel. Besides the certainty of results obtain through practical, computer aided simulation of the wheel, using ANSYS replicates the actual experiments. The fatigue life limit factors introduced by other researchers were used to obtain the stress and fatigue reduction factors which were further used to estimate the S-N curve as the stress-Life method is employed in predicting the fatigue life of a rim.During the static analysis of the steel wheel, it was discovered that the maximum stress concentration ( ) occurred at the spokes and ventilation hole of the rim under loads, Fr and pi. It was observed that when the wheel rotates at a speed of 1790 rpm under the stated loads, the fatigue crack propagates at the point of maximum stress concentration.

Keywords: Finite Element analysis, ANSYS, Stress-life, Static analysis, Car rims, Fatigue, Stress concentration, Solidworks

[1] Courtney, T.H. (2005), Mechanical behavior of materials. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc
[2] Callister, J.R. (2008), Fundamentals of materials science and engineering: an integrated approach, Hoboken NJ: Waveland Press, Inc
[3] Kocabicak, U. and Firat, M.(2001) Numerical analysis of wheel cornering Fatigue tests, Engineering Failure Analysis 8, pp339-354
[4] Lu, S., Wei, W., Yu, L., Jiang, Y., Tan, J. and HongQiang, R. (2011), Fatigue life analysis of aluminum HS6061-T6 rims using finite element method," Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE), International Conference on , vol., no., pp.5970,5973, 24-26, doi: 10.1109/RSETE.2011.5965715

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reducing and Optimizing Tailgate Closing Effort in Automotive Car
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.Thavamani, G.Devaradjene, K.Yogeshkumar
	:	10.9790/1684-11147483

Abstract: This Project investigated the scope of automotive tailgate closure closing effort and optimization. Tailgate closing effort can be reduced with the aid of car body dimensional analysis and corrections. Dimensional analysis mainly deals about dimensional position of car body, seal gap at rear tailgate closure, margin and flushness between tail lamp and tailgate, bumper and tailgate, roof and tail gate. Dimensional position investigates car body and sub assembly manufacturing controls to ensure dimensional repeatability by using fixture integrity concepts, and incoming level supplier part dimensional variations. Fixture integrity concepts mainly focus to bring the car body towards nominal of its dimensional position. Seal gap at rear tailgate closure is a gap between weather strips mounting at framed body flange to tailgate resting surface. More seal gap gives less closing effort, more wind noise and less seal gap gives more closing effort, less wind noise. Margin and flushness between outer peripheral supports wind noise. Closures closing effort, Wind noise and air leak is integrated parameters in automotive car body.

Keywords: Closing effort, Tailgate, Seal gap, Margin and Flushness, Weather strips CLD.

[1] "National Car Test(NCT) Manual 2012 for Passenger Vehicle".
[2] Markus Kevis, (2004), "Door closing and Opening efforts and energies" CAE Value AB paper
[3] Dariusz Ceglareknd and Jiangun Shi (1995), "Dimensional Variation reduction for Automotive Body Assembly". Case study, S.M.Wu Manufacturing Research centre, University of Mechigan.
[4] L.M.Sanches Jr, M.S.Filho, and G.F.Batalha (2008), "Automotive body-in-white dimensional stability through pre control application in the sub assembly process", Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (AMME). Vol 31, Issue2.
[5] F.Keith, G.Crisp and J.Aube, (1999), "Automotive Body Measurement System Capability" Publications of Auto Steel Partnership Members.
[6] T.T.Allan, R.W.Ritchardson, D.P.Tagleabue and G.P.Maul (2002), "Statistical Process Design for Robotic GMA welding of Sheet metal". Welding Journal by American Welding Society and Welding Research Council.
[7] Daniel E. Whitney, (2008), "Design and Manufacturing of Car Doors: Report on visits made to US, European and Japanese car manufacturer". MMRC Discussion Paper 202, University of Tokyo.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Experimental Study of Production and Properties of Animal Fats Biodiesel
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. C. Solaimuthu, Prof. S. Ashfaque Ahmed, Prof. M. Vinoth, V. Gowri Shankar, N. Nandha Kumar, C. Karmegan
	:	10.9790/1684-11148487

Abstract: Mainly animal fats and vegetable oils are used for the production of biodiesel. Several types of fuels can be derived from triacylglycerol-containing feedstock. Biodiesel which is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is produced by transesterifying the oil or fat with methanol under mild conditions in the presence of a base catalyst. This work deals with fuel production, fuel properties and co-products with the use of glycerol which is the by-product in esterification process along with biodiesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Animal Fats, Transesterification, Petro-Diesel

[1] Gerhard Knothe, Biodiesel and Renewable diesel: A comparison, Progress in Energy and combustion science, 36, 2010, 364-373.
[2] G Knothe, J. Krahl and J. Van Gerpen, Editors. The biodiesel handbook, 2005. Champaign, IL, USA.
[3] A.C Lloyd and T.A. Cackette, Diesel engine: environmental impact and control, J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 51, 2001, 809-47.
[4] M Zheng, M.C. Mulenga, G.T. Reader, M. Wang, D.S.K. Ting and J. Tjong, Biodiesel engine performance and emissions in low temperature combustion. Fuel, 87 (6), 2008, 714-22.
[5] A.K Agarwal and K. Rajamanoharan, Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine, Applied Energy, 86, 2009, 86, 106-12.
[6] YF Lin, Wu YPG, C.T. Chang. Combustion characteristics of waste-oil produced biodiesel/diesel fuel blends. Fuel, 86, 2007, 1772-1780.