iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Erosion Wear Analysis of Coated and Uncoated Ductile Materials at Different Velocities and Angles
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ashraya Gautam, Charanjit Singh Sandhu, Harpreet singh, Navjot singh
	:	10.9790/1684-11150107

Abstract: Wear is the gradual, layer-by-layer destruction of the surface of metallic materials by mechanical action of erodents,or passage of slurry. The wear of metals occurs upon the frictional rubbing of surfaces, wear, and cavitations, as well as upon the action of strong gas or liquid currents upon a surface, especially at high temperatures and pressures. Various parts of jet engines, nuclear reactors, and steam turbines boilers and pipes in the thermal power plants and cement industries where the pipe carries the slurry were subjected to destruction by erosion.

[1] A.P. Harsha, Deepak Kumar Bhaskar Harsha (28 March 2008) "Solid particle erosion behaviour of ferrous and non-ferrous materials and correlation of erosion data with erosion models" Elsevier/Journal.Volume Materials and Design 29, p'p 1745–1754
[2] B.F. LEVIN, K.S. VECCHIO, J.N. DuPONT, and A.R. MARDER (1999) "Modeling Solid-Particle Erosion of Ductile Alloys" Acta Metall. Mater./Journal Volume 38 (7), pp. 1241-54).
[3] Bhupendra K. Gandhi , Satish V. Borse (2003) "Nominal particle size of multi-sized particulate slurries for evaluation of erosion wear and effect of fine particles" Elsevier/Journal Volume 257 ,p'p 73–79
[4] C.G. Telfer,M.M.Stack n, B.D.Jana.(April 2012) "Particle concentration and size effects on the erosion-corrosion of pure metals in aqueous slurries" Tribology International/Journal Volume-53,p'p 35–44.
[5] Deepak Kumar Goyal, Harpreet Singh, Harmesh Kumar, and Varinder Sahni(April 2012) "Slurry Erosive Wear Evaluation of HVOF-Spray Cr2O3 Coating on Some Turbine Steels " ASM International/Journal, Volume- 21,p'p838–851.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pushover analysis of RC frame structure using ETABS 9.7.1
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Santhosh.D
	:	10.9790/1684-11150816

Abstract: Pushover analysis is a non linear static analysis used to determine the force-displacement relationship, or capacity curve, for a structural element. To evaluate the performance of RC frame structure, a non linear static pushover analysis has been conducted by using ETABS 9.7.1. To achieve this objective, three RC bare frame structures with 5, 10, 15 stories respectively were analyzed. And also compared the base force and displacement of RC bare frame structure with 5, 10, 15 stories.

Keywords: ETABS 9.7.1, Hinge properties, Non linear static analysis, Pushover analysis, RC bare frame.

[1] Srinivasu A and Dr.Panduranga Rao.B, Non-Linear static analysis of multi-storied building, International journal of engineering
trends and technology(ILETT) – volume 4 issue 10-oct 2013.
[2] Mrugesh D. Shah, Nonlinear static analysis of RCC frames(software implementation ETABS 9.7),National conference on recent
trends in engineering & technology-May 2011
[3] Chopra AK.Dynamics of structure: theory and application to earthquake engineering.(ERnglewood cliffs,NJ:1995)
[4] IS 1893(part 1):2002, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, Part 1 General provisions and buildings, Bureau of
Indian standard,2002.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ecological Restoration of Basalt quarry- the case of Timba, Gujarat
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rajshekhar Rao
	:	10.9790/1684-11151719

Abstract: Loss of organic rich soil, loss of wild life is the result of mining. Mining causes soil damage & destruction .To regenerate the biodiversity of the mining area it is very important to reclaim the land. Reclamation is the processes of restoring the land. Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. It is an intentional activity that initiates or accelerates an ecological pathway. There is always a challenge involved when undertaking restoration across large mined areas. Ecological restoration establish self sustaining ecosystem with species composition and function. The processes of natural regeneration demonstrate that Nature can achieve restoration, and develop fully functioning soil. This paper discusses the Timba,Gujrat as a case study for ecological restoration. The papers also mention the processes of ecological restoration carried out, restoration techniques to reestablish the biodiversity.

Key words: Biodiversity, Ecological Restoration, Ecosystem, Natural regeneration, restoration

1]. Allen, M.F., Jasper, D.A. & Zak, J.C. (2002). Micro-organisms. In Perrow M.R. & Davy, A.J. (Eds.), Handbook of Ecological Restoration, Volume 1 Principles of Restoration, pp. 257–278. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79128-6

[2]. Bradshaw, A.D. (1987). Restoration: the acid test for ecology. In Jordan, W.R., Gilpin, M.E. & Aber, J.D. (Eds.), Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research, pp. 23–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33728-3

[3]. Court, Franklin E. (2012) Pioneers of ecological restoration: the people and legacy of the University of Wisconsin Arboretum. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299286644

[4]. Harris, J.A. (2003) Measurements of the soil microbial community for estimating the success of restoration. European Journal of Soil Science. 54, 801-808.

[5]. Harris, J.A., Hobbs, R.J, Higgs, E. and Aronson, J. (2006) Ecological restoration and global climate change. Restoration Ecology 14(2) 170 - 176.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Soil Stabilization Using Waste Shredded Rubber Tyre Chips
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ghatge Sandeep Hambirao, Dr.P.G.Rakaraddi
	:	10.9790/1684-11152027

Abstract: Construction of engineering structures on weak or soft soil is considered as unsafe. Improvement of load bearing capacity of the soil may be undertaken by a variety of ground improvement techniques. In the present investigation, shredded rubber from waste has been chosen as the reinforcement material and cement as binding agent which was randomly included into the soil at three different percentages of fibre content, i.e. 5% 10% and 15% by weight of soil. The investigation has been focused on the strength behaviour of soil reinforced with randomly included shredded rubber fibre.

[1] Yilmaz, A. and Degirmenci, N. (2009). Possibility of using waste tire rubber and fly ash with Portland cement as construction materials. Waste Management, 29 (5) 1541-1546
[2] Lee, K.H. and Lee, S. (2002). Mechanical properties of weakly bonded cement stabilized kaolin. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 6 (4) 389-398
[3] Bell F.G.,Stabilization and treatment of clay soils with lime. Journal of Ground engineering,Vol 21(1) 1988,pp.10-15.
[4] Chen, H., and Wong, Q., The behavior of soft soil stabilization using cement.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environmenta by Springerlink. 2006.
[5] Croft, J.B.,.The Influence of Soil Mineralogical Composition on Cement Stabilization.Geotechnique, London, England, No.17, 1967,pp119-135.
[6] Al-Rawas, A.A., Taha, R., Nelson, J.D., Al-Shab., T. and Al-Siyabi, H., A Comparative Evaluation of Various Additives Used in the Stabilization of Expansive Soils,Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, ASTM No. 25 (2) 2002,pp199-209.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Appropriate Technology: Manual Rotary Table Concept for Water Drilling in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Mohammed U. Jibrin, Ibrahim O. Abdulmalik, Michael C. Amonye, Mahdi Makoyo, Akonyi N.S
	:	10.9790/1684-11152835

Abstract: Groundwater development through construction of water wells forms the nuclei of government and international donor agencies intervention programmes in the rural and semi-urban areas. These wells are drilled using hand-digging, human powered drilling rigs, imported and locally fabricated small and large conventional drilling rigs. The efforts of indigenous rig fabricators have improved access to water in Nigeria, but their equipment majorly lacking in engineering design soon breakdown after commissioning. While they work, their operations are usually cumbersome and stressful with random breakages of drill stems and drill bits. The trend has persisted to the degree that progress in water prospecting has become the race of three steps forward and four steps backwards

[1]. Allaby A and Allaby M (1999). A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press, UK.
[2]. ASTM (2009), Report BSS-121 (2009), American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) Standards D653-85 AND D2488; The Unified Soils Classification System; The US Departments of Agriculture (USDA) Textural Classification Scheme; and The National Bureau of Standards.
[3]. Finger J. T and Glowka D. A (1989). PDC Bit Research at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia Report SAND89-0079* UC-253; United States Department of Energy, Contract DE-ACDA-76DP00789.
[4]. Hawkins A. B (1998). Aspects of Rock Strength. Bull Eng Geol Env vol.57, p17-30.
[5]. Khurmi R. S (1968). Strength of Materials., Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110055; pp 795-819.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact Assessment of Land Use Change on Ground Water Quality Using Remote Sensing & GIS for Zone V under Municipal Corporation Hyderabad
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Gogana Venkateswarlu, G Jayasankar , B.V Saradhi
	:	10.9790/1684-11153642

Abstract: Water is essential to people and the largest available source of fresh water lies underground. Increased demands for water have stimulated exploration of underground water resources. As a result techniques for investigating the occurrence and movement of ground water have been improved, better equipment for extracting ground water has been developed, concepts for Research Management have been established and research has contributed to a better understanding of the subject. In present study an attempt is made to evaluate the impact of land use/land cover on ground water quality of Zone V under Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) area. Ground water samples were collected at pre- determined sampling locations based on Satellite Imagery of the study area.

[1] Gyananath, G.; Islam, S.R.; Shewdikar, S.V. Assessment of Environmental Parameter on ground water quality. Indian Journal ofEnvironmental Protection. 2001, 21, 289-294
[2] Directorate of Census Operations. District Census Handbook of Hyderabad, 1991, Andhra Pradesh, Census of India.
[3] Skidmore, A.K.; Witske Bijer; Karin Schmidt; Lalit Kumar, K. Use of Remote sensing and GIS for sustainable land management. ITC Journal. 1997, 3 (4), 302-315.
[4] Ferry Ledi Tjandra; Akihiko Kondhoh; Mohammed Aslam M.A. A Conceptual Database Design For Hydrology Using GIS.Proceedings of Asia Pacific Association of Hydrology and Water Resources. March 2003, 13-15, Kyoto, Japan.
[5] APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, New York, USA, 1998.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of chemical admixtures on the Engineering Properties of Red earth treated with cement.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sai Darshan T R, Mayanaik N,
	:	10.9790/1684-11154345

Abstract: In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the variation of Atterberg limits on mixing the admixtures with red earth soil. The paper describes a study on the effect of chemical admixtures fly ash were used. The variation of index properties of non expansive soil were studied. The amounts cement and fly ash added to the sample, as a percentage of the dry soil mass was in the range of 5-10% and 10-30% respectively. The results of the study show that the addition of the chemical admixture can improve the engineering properties of soil. The soil liquid limit is found to decrease with an increase in cement and fly ash content while the soil void ratio is found to decrease with increase in admixtures.

Key words: agglomeration, flocculation, cement, fly ash

[1] T TSoosan, A Sridharan, B jose and B Abraham, Utilisation of Quarry dust to improve the geotechnical properties of soil in highway construction, Geotechnical testing journal, 28 (4), 2005, 391-400.
[2] A text book of soil chemical analysis by P R Hesse published by chemical pub Co., university of Michigan, 1972.
[3] A Sridharan and P V Sivapullaiah, mini compaction test apparatus for fine grained soils, Geotechnical testing journal, 28 (3), 2005, 1-20.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thermal Analysis of Dual Brake System
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Yuvaperiyasamy.M, Hariganesh.V
	:	10.9790/1684-11154652

Abstract: In our project it's constructed in FEA approach to solving a transient analysis for the thermo elastic contact problem of the Dual brakes [Corp-Ashock Leyland] with heat generation is performed varying load. To analyze the thermo elastic phenomenon occurring in the Dual brakes, the occupied heat conduction and elastic equations are solved with contact problems. The numerical simulation for the thermo elastic behavior of Dual brake is obtained in the repeated brake condition.

[1]. LIN , J. -Y. AND CHEN, H. -T. Radial Axis symmetric Transient Heat Conduction in Composite Hollow Cylinders with Variable Thermal Conductivity, vol. 10, page 2- 33, (1992).
[2]. COOK, R. D. Concept and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, Wiley, Canada, (1981).
[3]. WANG, H. -C. AND BANERJEE, P. K.. Generalized Axis symmetric Elastodynamic Analysis by Boundary Element Method, vol. 30, page 115-131, (1990).
[4]. FLOQUET, A. AND DUBOURG, M.-C. Non axis symmetric effects for three dimensional Analyses of a Brake, ASME J. Tribology, vol. 116, page 401-407, (1994).
[5]. BEEKER, A.A. The Boundary Element Method in Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1992).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Comparative FEM Analysis of V-Shape and Leaf Springs for Improved Suspension with Part Loading Functionality"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T. B. Sonawane, S. S. Sarode, M. D. Shende, A. P. Ghodake, D. P. Chavan
	:	10.9790/1684-11155357

Abstract: The Automobile Industry has shown keen interest for replacement of steel leaf spring with that of progressive rate spring unit, since that has good part loading and minor to maximum shock absorption properties. In this paper we have outline on the new mechanism for progressive rate spring. The main leaf spring and V- shape strip spring model is created by modeling software like Pro-E. The dimensions of an existing conventional steel leaf spring of a light commercial vehicle are taken for modeling. And the structural analysis of both springs is carried via finite element analysis using ANSYS-12 software. Result shows that, the V-shape strip spring has Total deflection 16.93 % & Strain energy 38.20 % more than steel leaf Spring for partly loading. It also shows equivalent von- misses stresses for both spring.

[1]. Rajeswaran, Ahamed, Suspension system in automobiles, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi-01, pp. 25-45, 614–625.
[2]. Trailer / Body Builders Journal, on "Trailer Independent Suspension a Huge Success", Australia. October 2000.
[3]. Kristin R. Brandenburg, John R. Keough. Independent Trailer Suspension Utilizing Unique ADI Bracket by Applied Process Inc. Technologies Div. - Livonia, Michigan, USA, 2002.
[4]. Fırat Barlas Izmir , on Design of a Mars Rover Suspension Mechanism, Institute of Technology Izmir, Turkey, June 2004.
[5]. Timbren Industries Inc- ID10895 Axle-Less Trailer Suspension, 2010.
[6]. A. P. Ghodake, K.N. Patil "Analysis of Steel and Composite Leaf Spring for Vehicle" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE). Volume 5, Issue 4, PP 68-76, Jan. - Feb. 2013.
[7]. A. C. Baviskar, V. G. Bhamre, S. S. Sarode. "Design and Analysis of a Leaf Spring for automobile suspension system: A Review" International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reliability Analysis of an Underground Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Water Tank
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Sani, J. E., Nwadiogbu, C. P., Yisa G. L.
	:	10.9790/1684-11155868

Abstract: The failure of reinforced concrete rectangular underground water tank designed according to1 has been analyzed using the First Order Reliability Method. In doing this, the limit state functions were defined for both the ultimate state conditions (flexure, shear and torsion) and serviceability limit state (cracking) for both the tank wall and floor slab. Some basic variables present in the limit state function are used to study their variation with the reliability index and hence their significance in order to ensure safe design.

[1]. British Code of Practice. BS 8110: The Use of Concrete (1997).
[2]. Anchor, R. D. (1992). Design of Limit Retaining Concrete Structures (2nd edition). Publish by Hodda and Stoughton Press Ltd, St Edmundsbury
[3]. Allen, D. E. (1982). Canadian Buiding Digest CBD.221 Limit State Design. National Research Council Of Canada, Ottawa
[4]. Ishikawa, H. (1998). Important of Structural Safety and Reliability. http://www.eng.kagawa-u.ac.jp/
[5]. Doty, L. A. (1985). Reliability for the Technologies. Industrial Press New York.
[6]. Bazovsky, I. (1961). Reliability Theory and .Practice. Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Potential of Lime on Modified Lateritic Soil Using Locust Bean Waste Ash as Admixture
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwadiogbu, P.C., Salahdeen, A.B.
	:	10.9790/1684-11156973

Abstract: An A-7-6 (11) lateritic soil using AASHTO soil classification system, collected from Shika area of Zaria, Nigeria, was treated with up to 4 % lime and up to 8 % locust bean waste ash (LBWA) by dry weight of the soil. The sieve analysis of the modified soil was carried out immediately after mixing (i.e., 0 hour elapse time). The results of sieve analysis indicate an increase in the particle sizes (i.e., reduction in the fines fraction) with increase in lime/LBWA content. Improvement in the Atterberg limits was also observed. The maximum dry density (MDD) for British Standard Light (BSL) compaction increased to a peak value at 4% LBWA for all lime contents. For the West African Standard (WAS) compaction, the MDD follows the trend of continuous decrease, while no consistent trend was observed for the British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction.

[1]. AASHTO (1986). "Standard Specification for Transportation, Material and Method of Sampling and Testing". 14th Edition. Amsterdam Association of State Highway and transportation official Washington D.C.
[2]. Akinmade O.B (2008). "Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Locust Bean Waste Ash". Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Civil Engineering Department Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
[3]. Alexander L.T. and Cady J.G (1962). "Genesis and Hardening of laterite soil." U.S. Department of Agric, Technical Bulletin No. 1282 Washington DC USA, p.1-10
[4]. B.S. 1377 (1990). "Methods of Testing Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes". British Standards Institute, London.
[5]. B.S. 1924 (1990). "Methods of Tests for Stabilized Soils". British Standards Institute, London.
[6]. Cokca, E. (2001), "Use of class C fly ashes for stabilization of expansive soils." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol 127, No 7. pp 568 – 573.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation on different Compositions of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite and its application in Leaf Spring
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Suhas, Jaimon D. Q., Hanumanthraya R. , Vaishak N. L, Mahesh B. Davanageri
	:	10.9790/1684-11157480

Abstract: The unique and diverse characteristics of composite materials have increased in many folds. From feather weight rods to high performance aircraft parts, the use fiber reinforced materials have become a compelling asset due to their high strength to weight ratio and high strength to stiffness ratio combined with easy manufacturing methods. The present endeavor is one such attempt to study the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) by varying volume percentage. The mechanical properties involved in the study are tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength. The results are compared for different loading conditions and a suitable composition is selected for the fabrication of mono composite leaf spring. The study concluded that the composite leaf spring had induced stresses much lower than that of steel leaf spring and the spring weight was nearly 44% lower when compared to steel leaf spring.

Keywords: Composite, Leaf Spring.

[1] N. Chand, A. Naik, S. Neogi. Three-body abrasive wear of short glass fiber polyester composite. Wear, 242, 38–46, 2000.
[2] J. Bijwe, S. Awtade, A. Ghosh. Influence of orientation and volume fraction of Aramid fabric on abrasive wear performance of polyethersulfone composites. Wear, 260, 401–411, 2006.
[3]. Dakshraj and Rajesh Satankar. Review of Researches on Leaf Spring Regarding Use of Composite Material and various methods for Predicting Fatigue Life, IJCRR,4, Jan.2012.
[4] M. Raghavedra, Syed Alta fHussain, V. Pandurangadu and K. PalaniKumar. Modeling and analysis of laminated composite leaf spring under the static load condition by using FEM, International journal of modern engineering research,2(4),1875-1879 , July- Aug.2011.

[5] Vinkel Arora, Gian Bhushan and M.L. Aggarwal. Eye design analysis of single leaf spring in automotive vehicles using CAE tools, International journal of applied engineering and technology, 1(1),88-97, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thermodynamic analysis of vapour compression refrigeration system using alternative refrigerants
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Monika Singh, Prashant Somvanshi
	:	10.9790/1684-11158189

Abstract: This research is aimed to define , (1) the effects of refrigerant to the environment, (2) derive the eco friendly refrigerants by using software REFPROP, (3) describe the properties of refrigerant by mixing them in appropriate percentage, (4) reducing GWP and ODP by providing suitable substitute of CFC's and HCFC's refrigerants, (5) reducing the effect of refrigerant to the ODP.

[1]. Improved energy efficiency for CFC domestic refrigerators retrofitted with ozone friendly HFC/HC refrigerant mixture by S. Joseph Sekhar, D. Mohan Lal, and S. Renganarayanan.
[2]. Comparative performance study of vapour compression refrigeration system with R22/R134a/R410a/R407c/M20 by Vaibhav jain, S.S. Kachhwaha, R.S. Mishra.
[3]. The use of hydrocarbons propane and isobutane in refrigeration system by Jacqueline Biancon Copetti, Mario Henrique Macagnan.
[4]. Refrigerants environmental propertieshttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/refrigerants-properties-d_145.html
[5]. Global warming potential. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global-warming_potential

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Formation of Glycerol as Byproduct and its Application During Biodiesel Production From Pongamia Pinnata
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bibhuti B. Samantaray,Rajnikant Choudhary,Amit Kumar,Wasim Akhtar, Manish Kumar, Susil K. Garanaik
	:	10.9790/1684-11159093

Abstract: Pongamia Pinnata is the scientific name of Karanja. It is a medium sized tree that is plentily found alloverOdisha. There are a lot of research is going on regarding production of Biodiesel from Karanja oil but the main objective of the paper is the production and implementation of Glycerol from Karanja oil. Alcohol glycerol, a clear, colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid belonging to the family of organic compounds; molecular formula HOCH2CHOHCH2OH. In this experiment we have produced Biodiesel as well as Glycerol as a byproduct but we have focused mainly on the formation of the Glycerol and its application.

[1] Y.C.Sharma and B. Singh, Development of Biodiesel from Karanja, a tree found in rural India, Fuel 87, (2008) 1740-1742
[2] V.RManilla,M.V. Mallikarjun, G.L.Narayana Rao, Preparation of Biodiesel from Karanja Oil, IJEE, 1, 2011, 94-100
[3] NPachauri and B He, Value Added Utilisation of Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Production, ASABE, Paper number:-066223
[4] F Yang, M A. Hanna and RSen, Value-Added Uses For Crude-Glycerol-A By-product Of Biodiesel Production, Biotechnology for Biofuel, 2012, 5:13
[5] X Fan and R Burton, Recent Development of Biodiesel Feedstockand the application of Glycerol: A Review, The open fuel & Energy Science Journal, 1200912, 100-109
[6] Z Y. Zakaria, N A S Amin and J Linnekoski, A perspective on catalytic conversion of glycerol to olefins, Biomass and Bioenergy 55, 2013, 370-385.