iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2014

Abstract: Robotics application has slowly increasing for the past 13 years. Much increase was seen in 2011. This review paper was written to study the robotics application in various industries mainly in pipeline inspection. This review paper was to fulfil the requirement of Automation and Robotics module assessment. The objectives of this review paper are; to observe different robotics applications in pipelines inspection, to learn the different design of robots in pipeline inspection, to outline the problems and adaptability improvements in the robotics application that was applied. The major problem of in-pipe inspection robots found is the different in diameter of pipes in any plant. And other problem relative to the inspection ways for different types of pipe applications.At the end of this review paper, it was concluded that improvements were seen in few designs of the robot example like the Parallelogram wheel leg.

Keywords: Robotic; Robot; In-Pipe Inspection, Adaptability, Non-destructive Testing, Image processing

[1]. Zhang, Yunwei, Yan, Guozheng, In-pipe inspection robot with active pipe-diameter adaptability and automatic tractive force adjusting, Mechanism and Machine Theory 42, (2007), 1618–1631.
[2]. Roslin, Nur Shahida,Anuar, Adzly,Jalal, Muhammad Fairuz Abdul,Sahari, Khairul Salleh Mohamed, A Review: Hybrid Locomotion of In-pipe Inspection Robot, Procedia Engineering, 41, (2012). 1456 – 1462.
[3]. Liu, Zheng,Kleiner, Yehuda, State of the art review of inspection technologies for condition assessment of water pipes, Measurement, Measurement , (2013), 46 1–15.
[4]. Lim, Jinwan,Park, Hyunjun,An, Jaemin,Hong, Yeh-Sun,Kim, Byungkyu,Yi, Byung-Ju, One pneumatic line based inchworm-like micro robot for half-inch pipe inspection, Mechatronics 18, (2008) , 315–322.
[5]. Zin, Md Raziq Asyraf Md,Sahari, Khairul Salleh Mohamed,Saad, Juniza Md,Anuar, Adzly,Zulkarnain, Abd Talip, Development of a Low Cost Small Sized In-Pipe Robot, Procedia Engineering 41, (2012), 1469 – 1475.

Abstract: Scarcity of pure water exists in almost all countries around the globe. Hence water has to be purified before it is consumed. Therefore in this paper, we have designed a solar water purification plant that operates around the clock to supply fresh water to the society. A nickel-chromium alloyed wire reinforced black body has been used to heat the impure water and it condenses on a thermally insulated condenser. Two solar panels have been attached the sides of the reflector that moves along with it to trap the solar energy and store it in a battery. During night and at times of low sun rays, this electric energy can be used to heat the nickel-chromium alloyed wire reinforced black body. These functions are controlled by a microcontroller.

Keywords: All day solar water purifier, Reflector handle, nickel-chromium alloyed wire-chromium wire reinforced black body, Parabolic cum circular reflector.

[1]. J. Rizk, and Y. Chaiko (2008) "Solar Tracking System: More Efficient Use of Solar Panels", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
[2]. C. Kennedy, K. Terwilliger, and M. Milbourne (2005) "Development and Testing of Solar Reflectors", Presented at the 2004 DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Review Meeting October 25-28, 2004
[3]. Dr. Shireesh Kedare, Adjunct Associate, Energy Systems Engineering, IIT-Bombay (2006),"Solar Thermal Systems for Industrial Process Applications", RENET Workshop, IIT-Bombay September 21-22, 2006
[4]. Keith Lovegrove, A Zawadski and J Coventy (2007) "Paraboloidal dish solar concentrators for multi-megawatt power generation", presented at Solar World Congress, Beijing, September 18 – 22, 2007
[5]. Electric Drives by Vedam Subrahmanyam

Abstract: Sprinkler rotors operate by rotating a stream of water over the landscape instead of the mist produced by spray head sprinklers. This allows rotors to be placed farther apart than spray head sprinklers, saving you installation time and money. Rotors are generally designed to rotate in full or partial circles and do not perform with a throw radius of less than 15 feet.The main objective is to vary the discharge and to cover more sprinkling area.

[1]. How to Design and Build a Sprinkler System by Michael A Tenn
[2]. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K.Bansal
[3]. Sprinkler ware house (wiki)

Abstract: A household is considered to have access to basic services required by a family unit in Nigeria if the household has water supply and sanitation facilities, which are used appropriately at all times. A comprehensive inventory of all water sources was conducted in 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of four States of Bauchi, Benue, Jigawa and Katsina States between 2011 and 2012; the data was used to relate access to basic services of the people to the population living within the communities studied. It was found that Katsina State had the largest number of solar powered water supply systems (40.3% of all motorized water sources in the State) followed by Bauchi with 36.4%. The most common improved rural water source in the LGAs was bore-holes with hand-pumps (82.28%). Functionality was also monitored. For hand-pumps, there was a relationship between community ownership and functionality (Dass-Bauchi 77.17%; Warji-Bauchi 75.15%; Oju-Benue 82.09%). Population data on each LGA used to analyse the percentage number of household using the improved water sources showed that all the four LGAs still fall short of the basic access of 30 litres per capita per day within 250 metres radius of the water source. It was recommended that roles of stakeholders on Operation and Maintenance should be established while Capacity building at various levels is ensured towards achieving sustainable water supply systems.

Key words: Functionality, Household, Improved Water Sources, Rural Water Supply, Sustainable

[1]. National Population Commission (2009) National Population Commission Report. Population Distribution in Nigeria. National Population Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.
[2]. FMWR (2005) National Water Sanitation Policy. Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Abuja, Nigeria.
[3]. FMWR (2000) National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy. Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Abuja, Nigeria.
[4]. Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) (2004) Self Supply, A Fresh Approach to Water for Rural Population. A Field Note by the Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank, Nairobi, Kenya. Pg. 2, 3.
[5]. WHO/UNICEF (2012) Joint Monitoring Programme((JMP). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. WHO/ UNICEF, UN Plaza, New York. Pg. 49

Abstract: Need of mobility all across the world is increasing exponentially. This is also an important prerequisite for the progress of modern society. In the past, automobile has played a crucial role and shall continue to play a dominant role in the progress of society. The demand of automobiles is increasing rapidly especially in the countries like China, India, Brazil and Korea. The rising economies of these countries will further increase the demand of automobiles. In order to achieve safety, comfort and environment friendliness, automobile companies are investing heavily in research and development. More and more vehicles are being equipped with many Automatic braking systems. These systems intend to help the driver avoid or mitigate accidents by automatically applying the brakes prior to an accident. Initially only rear-end collision were addressed but over time more accident types are incorporated and brakes are applied earlier and stronger, in order to improve the braking a new method is described in this paper.

Keywords: Profiled Tires, Profiled Brake pad

[1]. http://web.bryant.edu/~ehu/h364proj/sprg_97/dirksen/brakes.html
[2]. http://www.motorera.com/history/hist07.html
[3]. http://www.automotive-iq.com/braking/articles/developments-in-automotive- brake-technology-the-fu/

Abstract: In this research the effect of different isolated materials between the machine base and its concrete footing block is examined experimentally. The machine is subjected to vertical vibration produce by vibration exitor 4808 oscillator. Experiments will be performed by inserting isolated material between the machine base and its concrete footing. It is examined that the most vibration absorber is sandwich of E P E foam with rubber pad in between the oscillator and block. even on the ground the resonance is reduced so in this research it is investigated that for any kind of machine, combination of E P E foam and rubber pad can be used to reduce the vibration for the foundation and even to reduce damage to the nearby structures and this study will be beneficial for assessing the performance of the machine foundations.
Keywords: isolated materials, machine foundations, EPE foam, rubber pad, amplitudes, frequency

[1]. Jyant Kumar Vikas Boora "Dynamic Response of a Machine Foundation Combination with Spring Mounting Base and Rubber Pad "Geol Eng (2009) 27:379–389 May 2007 /Accepted: 20 July 2008.
[2]. T.Ozturk and Z.Ozturk "Vibration Absorption and Isolation in Dynamically Loaded Foundations" The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12- 17, 2008, Beijing, China
[3]. Shamsher Prakash Vijay K. Puri "Foundations For Vibrating Machines Special Issue, April-May 2006" of the Journal of Structural Engineering, SERC, Madras. INDIA
[4]. Vijay K. Puri and Braja M. Das "Dynamic Response of Block Foundations" Third International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, June 1-4, 1993, Paper No. 4.08
[5]. P. Anbazhagan T.G. Sitharam, G.L. Sivakumar Babu and Ramul, "Evaluation of dynamic properties of site and Response of Motion Simulator Foundation" Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-

Abstract: Sand casting technologies have now emerged as practical and commercial ways of manufacturing high integrity near net shape castings. A variety of castings have found their way into general engineering applications. Castings that serve these specific applications have to achieve the quality requirements of superior mechanical properties and zero-porosity. To achieve these objectives within a limited time frame in a product development process, CAD technologies combined with process simulation tools are increasingly used to optimize form filling and solidification of the cast parts. This project describes the newly developed simulation of flywheel component that was prototyped via sand casting route. Results of casting trials showed a high level of confidence in the simulation tools Keywords: Casting simulation, Fluid flow, Flywheel, Shrinkage, Solidification.

[1]. Mohd Rizuan Mohammed Shafiee, "Effects of gating design on the mechanical strength of thin section castings", ELSEVIER: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol-105, Pg. 128-133, 2009.
[2]. T.Nandi, "Optimization of Riser size of Aluminium alloy (LM6) castings by using conventional method and computer simulation technique", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol-2, 2011, ISSN 2229-5518. 2011
[3]. Lee, P.D, Chirazi, A and see, D (2001). Modelling micro porosity in aluminium -silicon alloys: a review. Journal of light metals. Vol.1 Pg 15-30
[4]. Katzarov, I.H (2003). Finite element modelling of the porosity formation in casting. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. Vol 46. Pg. 1545-1552.
[5]. . Ravi, Metal Casting: Computer-Aided Design and Analysis, Prentice-Hall India, New Delhi, 2005.
[6]. B. Ravi, R.C. Creese and D. Ramesh, "Design for Casting – A New Paradigm to Prevent Potential Problems," Transactions of the AFS, 107, 1999

Abstract: Electrical power is an important community in nearly all aspect of life. Electrical power is a necessary component for majority operation of modern society. In this paper, gravitational force due to the weight of vehicle is being utilized to rotate dynamo for power generation, is discussed. Electricity production by means of non-conventional methods which can be very useful in future where there is great demand of electric energy but having limited natural recourses. This paper also describes conceptual working model that can be used as prototype at toll plaza for electricity generation.

Keywords: Gear, Generator, Sprocket

[1] Chun-chao Wang, Yuh-suiang Wang "Gravity Power Generation Mechanism" United States patent number: 20090115195 A1 App No.11/935,228 May, 2009.
[2] Md.Muqtar Ahmed, Heena Naaz, "Power Generation through Gravity and Kinetic Energy", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014.

[3] J. B. Gupta, Theory & Performance of Electrical (S. K. Kataria & Sons, 2009).

Abstract: The efficiency of any solar operated system largely depends upon its effective alignment with respect to sunlight and for this there are plethoras of systems available but as per the environmental and geographical circumstances the efficiency of conventional systems vary and because of this the overall output gets deteriorated. There is a strong need to propose a system which is governed directly by the approximated position of sun, calculated by research oriented data. If the system incorporated largely with mechanical system than the dependency of the system defiantly can be trickle down. By analysing that fact into my mind I had opted to redesign solar sun tracking by utilizing total mechanical systems. My endeavour behind the system is to develop and demonstrate a state of the art solar tracking system which is not dependent upon any sensor and can opt its position directly by using approximate solar positioning. The proposed solar sun tracking system comprises of compact reduction gear assembly in which a small DC motor gives its input in low torque and high RPM but by applying reduction gear assembly we are reducing its RPM till 1 in 7 hours so that a highest torque could be generated and the efficient solar sun tracking could become possible.

Keywords: alignment, conventional, solar parabolic disc, mechanical, sun tracking, RPM, DC motor, reduction gear assembly, torque, etc.

[1]. Partian, L.D., Solar Cells and their applications (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995).
[2]. Fahrenburch, A. and Bube, R., Fundamentals of Solar Cells (Academic Press, New York, 1983)
[3]. E Weise, R Klockner, R Kniel, Ma Sheng Hong, Qin Jian Ping, "Remote Power Supply using Wind and Solar energy- a Sino-German
[4]. Mechnical Cooperation Project", Beijing International Conference on Wind Energy, Beijing 1995.
[5]. Duryea S, Syed I, Lawrence W, An Automated Battery Management System for Photovoltaic Systems, International Journal of Renewable

Abstract: This paper deals with experimental investigation on mechanical properties of M20 grade concrete by incorporating polyester fibers in the mix. Polyester fibers of 0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4% by weight of cement are added to the mix. A comparitive analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to compressive, split tensile, flexural strengths. As the fiber content increases compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increasing. It is observed that 0.3% fibers by weight of cement is the optimum dosage. It is found that with 0.3% fiber content results in 20% reduction of pavement thickness. Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, Mix design, pavement thickness, Polyester fiber, Strength

[1]. Vasudev R, "Studies on steel fiber reinforced concrete" in International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,Vol.4,2229-5518,2013.
[2]. Dipan patel, "Use of steel fiber in rigid pavement," in Global research analysis, Vol.2, 2277-8160, 2013.
[3]. S.A kanalli, Ramu palankar, Bharat kumar, Praveen kumar, Prakash S.K "Comparitive study of polymerFiber reinforced concrete with conventional concrete pavement" in IJRET, 2014.
[4]. Rakesh kumar, Pankaj goel and Renu mathur "Suitability of concrete reinforced with Synthetic fibers for the construction of pavement" Third International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies.
[5]. Rajarajeswari B vibhuti, Radha Krishna, "Mechnical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavement" in IJRET, 2013.
[6]. Pshtiwan N shakor, S.S pimplikar " Glass fiber reinforced concrete use in construction" International Journal of technology and Engineering System Volume 2, March 2011.

Abstract: Attention has been increasing towards the use of polymer modified asphalt, because conventional asphalt mixtures cannot resist the high axle loads and tire pressures. Several classes of modified binders have been used in asphalt pavements. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding several types of polymers on asphalt cement and asphalt concrete mixtures. Experimental program involved two phases. The first phase was modifying the asphalt using six types of polymers then evaluating the properties of the modified asphalt. The second phase was evaluating the effect of binder modification on Marshall mix design characteristics and indirect tensile strength of the asphalt concrete mixtures. It was found that the optimum percentage of PVC, plastic bags and novolac was 4%, and the optimum percentage of HDPE was 5% by weight of asphalt. These percentages caused increase in kinematic viscosity, stability, and indirect tensile strength and caused reduction in penetration.

Keywords: Asphalt mixtures, polymers, polyvinyl chloride, novolac, high density polyethylene, waste plastic bags.

[1] I. A.Hussein, M. H.Iqbal, H. I.Wahhab, Influence of Mw of LDPE and Vinyl Acetate Content of EVA on the Rheology of Polymer Modified Asphalt. Journal of Rheol. Acta. Journal, 45, 2005, 92-104.
[2] Yvonne Becker, P.Maryro, Yajaira Rodriguez, Polymer Modified Asphalt. Vision Tecnologica, 9(1), 2001.
[3] F. L.Roberts, P.S.Kandahal, D.Y.Lee, T.W.Kennedy, Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design, and construction,Second Edition, NAPA Research and Education Foundation, Lanham, Maryland,1996.
[4] G.Polacco, S.Berlincioni, D.Biondi, J.Stastna, L.Zanzotta, Asphalt Modification with Different Polyethylene – Based Polymers. European polymer Journal, 41, 2005, 2831-2844.
[5] M.T.Awwad, L.Shbeeb, The Use of Polyethylene in Hot Asphalt Mixtures. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(6), 2007, 390-396.

Abstract: This work aim is To study of Life Time Prediction of Nylon Rope using Aging Property, Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties In This work taking nylon rope experimental test were performed in ASTM D3045 standard for breaking strength. firstly in this project the nylon rope samples are keep in heat aging oven at 700c temperature for 0,1,3,6,12,23 weeks. after the completion, test the material in universal testing machine for breaking strength In the present investigation the Breaking Strength, was determined as a function of time with the constant exposure to the plastic product at 70°C for 23 week. The sample was initially determined the properties and considered as 0 days sample or base property of the material. The sample was drawn in the interval of B-1,3,6,12,23 Weeks. The regression analysis was conducted on the test data and the prediction of the life span of the products was made as per ASTM. Use the regression equation to determine the exposure time necessary to produce a predetermined level of property change. An acceptable regression equation must have an r2 of at least 80

[1]. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon
[2]. www.indiasafetynet.co.in/Nylon-Ropes
[3]. www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nylon-rope-strength-d_1513.html
[4]. www.ropesandtwines.com/nylonrope.asp

Abstract: In this experimental investigation the compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength of paver blocks were determined by adding Polyester fibers in the top 20mm thickness. Polyester fibers were added in proportions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% in volume of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption were determined at the end of 7 and 28 days. Test results indicate that addition of polyester fiber by 0.4% paver block attains maximum compressive, flexural strengths and minimum water absorption at 7 and 28 days. In this investigation at 0.4% of polyester fiber content effect of top layer thickness on compressive strength and flexural strength is also determined. Results show that inclusion of fibers even up to 50% of top layer thickness compressive and flexural strengths are increasing. The paper also shows the cost comparison per each block.

Keywords: Compressive Strength, Cost, Flexural strength, Paver Block, Polyester Fiber and Water Absorption.

[1]. Shackel B. (1993)," Design and constructions of interlocking concrete block pavement". First International Conference on Concrete Paving, Newcastle-upon-time,U.K,113-120

[2]. Cement and Concrete Institute, The Manufacture of Concrete Paving Blocks, Midrand, South Africa, 2001.

[3]. Aslantaş, Onur "A Study on Abrasion resistance of concrete paving blocks", December 2004.

[4]. Baruah, P., and Talukdar, S. A comparative study of compressive, flexural, tensile and shear strength ofconcrete with fibres of different origins. Indian Concrete Journal, 81, 7:17-24.(2007).

[5]. Bhavin K.Kashiyani, Jayeshukumarpitroda & Bhavnaben K.Shah" Innovative Addition Of Polypropylene Fiber In Interlocking Paver Block To Improve Compressive Strength" International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 17-26.

[6]. Bikasha C. P., and Ashok K.G., ''Structural Behaviour of Concrete Block Paving 2: Concrete Blocks'', Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol 128, No.2, pp. 130-135, 2002.

Abstract: An organization's success rate completely depends on its effort to continuously innovate and develop products. Having the capabilities to launch products at the opportune time and the ability to tightly integrate them into an organization's revenue and growth plans is the other essential factor. Critically, for a product's success in the market, the product's requirements must factor in the right balance of faster time-to-market and total value derived. Another important customer perspective is the quality and innovation that differentiates them from the competition. By being proactive in developing these aspects into the product development lifecycle, the success factors emerge. Lean principles and apparatus are extensively used in every tread of an entire process, from customer service to supply chain management. Although there are a lot of success stories about lean implementations, many companies are also under pressure to become accustomed their culture towards the execution of lean ideology. In this thesis, consistency of lean mechanized is calculated and an examination is providing to thrash out if standardization would help remove the major obstacles that delay successful lean implementation. Potential profit and disadvantages of having standards for lean enterprises are analyzed. As a part of the examine a survey was conducted to get reaction from lean professionals about standardization. The survey results propose that there is a largely support for incline standardization. However, there are both positive and negative views about the probable benefits and disadvantages of using lean standards as an implementation guide. A case study is also provided to measure the benefits of lean and to appreciate how lean standards may help companies implement lean principles. Based on a reproduction model that was develop to prove the benefits, a 15 % decrease in supply carrying cost and a 5% reduction in total line time was predicted.

Keywords: Certification; Standardization; Service; Product development; Lean Manufacturing; Design and Manufacture.

[1]. Abdi, F., Shavarini, S. K. and Hoseini, S. M. (2006) "Glean Lean: How to use lean approach in service industries", Journal of Services Research, Volume 6, Special Issue
[2]. Abdullah, F. A., Rajgopal, J. and Needy, K., L. (2006) "A classification scheme for the process industry to guide the implementation of lean", Engineering Management Journal, Volume 18, Issue 2
[3]. Aberdeen (2006), "Lean Benchmark Report", a report published by Aberdeen Group, Inc., March 2006
[4]. Aberdeen (2008), "Extending the Lean Enterprise", a report published by Aberdeen Group, Inc., Feb 2008
[5]. Achanga, P., Shehab, E., Roy, R. and Nelder, G. (2006), "Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Volume 17, Issue 4

Abstract: Steam generators are widely used in industries for several purposes like power production, processing, heating etc. In industry steam generators are the major fuel consumers. In a normal steam generator about 4% of hot water is wasted as blow down. Due to this, a large amount of heat energy is wasted. This project aims to bring a heat recovery system to prevent heat losses, so that a large savings can be made. So in this a heat recovery system was designed to minimize the losses.

Keywords: steam generator

[1] Heat transfer by J.P.HOLMAN mg-graw hill book company

[2] Thermodynamics by S.K MONDAL

[3] HEAT TRANSFER by S.K.MONDAL

[4] Heat pump and boilers by R.K

Abstract: This proposed method has to design and fabricate the Multipurpose Jig and Fixture, for that component which has been to reduce the manufacturing cycle time. When the component produced on a small size previously this is to produces the large quantities of requirements. The selective components requires for machining operations such as step milling, angle milling & boring and reaming. The few operations where been done in CNC and rest operations are carried out in Conventional machine tool. The proposed method has to be design and fabricated the multi-operational Fixture for the complete machining operations in a single machining centre. The Fixture design has will serve for the economic production for the component

[1]. Ji-Young Lee , Do-Kwan Hong , Byung-Chul Woo , Dae-Suk Joo , Yo-Han Chio , and Byoung-Uk Nam," Unbalanced Magnetic Force Calculation for Assembly Jig Design", IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, Vol. 48, No. 11, November 2012.
[2]. Runbo Ma, Guorui Han, Xinwei Chen, and Wenmei Zhang," Calibrating an Arbitrary Test Fixture for a Symmetric Device by Three Measurements", IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation And Measurement, Vol. 59, No. 1, January 2010.
[3]. Xiangyang Zhu and Han Ding, Optimality Criteria for Fixture Layout Design: A Comparative Study", IEEE Transactions On Automation Science And Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, October 2009.
[4]. Youlun Xiong and Xiaorong Xiong," Algebraic Structure and Geometric Interpretation of Rigid Complex Fixture Systems", IEEE Transactions On Automation Science And Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 2007.
[5]. Jean-Philippe Loose, Shiyu Zhou, and Dariusz Ceglarek," Kinematic Analysis of Dimensional Variation Propagation for Multistage Machining Processes With General Fixture Layouts", IEEE Transactions On Automation Science And Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 2007.