iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: Final machining of 34CrMo4 steel with roller burnishing tools is shown in this paper. Roller burnishing process is clean and environmentally friendly machining process which can replace other finishing processes with pollution effects. Experimental tests on specimens prepared for final machining process estimates the rate of roughness decrease, and diameter increase. Roughness data measured before and after roller burnishing process have been compared. Roughness ratio (before/after process) and decrease factor for surface quality improvement can be up to 10. Presented smoothing process can be performed on standard machine tools without additional reconfiguration tasks. Process is very versatile for any workshop and can be conducted without coolant.

Keywords: Machining, Roller burnishing, Surface roughness

[1]. Ravindra Babu, P., Siva Prasad, T., Raju, A.V.S. , Jawahar Babu, A. ,2009, Effect of internal roller burnishing on surface roughness and surface hardness of mild steel, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol 68, p. 29-31
[2]. Kukielka, L., 1989, Designating the field areas for the contact of a rotary burnishing element with the rough surface of a part, providing a high-quality product, Journal of Mechanical Technology 19 ,p. 319–356.
[3]. Thamizhmanii, S., Saparudin, B., Hasan, S., 2007, A study of multi-roller burnishing on non-ferrous metals, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 22 nr. 2, p. 95-98

Abstract: Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. India ranks sixth in total energy consumption and needs to accelerate the development in this sector to meet its growth aspiration. Hence alternate fuels are needed to be produced. Present paper deals with preparation of bio-fuel from Vegetable oil, Mahua oil and Blending of vegetable oil with mahua oil. There by conducting Performance tests for alternate fuels, comparing the efficiency and cost estimation. From the experimentation it is found that the optimum performance is achieved with Blended Bio-diesel at 70:30 ratios of palm and mahua Bio-diesels in comparison with conventional diesel considering engine performance parameters.

KeyWords: Blending, Mahua oil, Sustenance.

[1]. Dr.Rambabu, V., 2011, "Experimental Investigation on the Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of DI Disel Engine with Linseed methyl Ester along with Methanal Carburization‟, M.Tech. Thesis, Thermal Engg,NIT Warangal .
[2]. [2] Prasada Rao, K., 2011, "Experimenta Investigation on the Performance of DI Disel Engine with Mahua methyl Ester along with Methanal Carburization‟, M.E.Thesis,industrial engineering ,AU Visakhapatnam .
[3]. Ramesh Babu,P.,2011, "Experimental Investigation of Performance characteristics on VCR-DI- Disel Engine fueled with coconut methyl Ester and DI-ethyl ether as an additive‟, M.Tech. Thesis, Thermal Engg,GMRIT Rajam.
[4]. Venkata Ramesh, M and Mallikarjun, M , 2012, "Biodiesel Production from palm oil by Transesterification Method‟, I. Mech. Engg Sc., 895(8),0975-833X
[5]. Pugazhvadivu, M and Sankaranarayanan, G , 2010, "Experimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil as fuel‟, I. Mech. Engg Sc., 787(7),0974-6846.

Abstract: In this study a five station unpaced production line with Exponentially distributed operation time with no buffer capacities is consider. A practical situation where five operation times are to be assigned on five station is investigated. Assuming that precedence restriction are minimal the operation can be permitted on stations. A number of data set with different kind of imbalance and with different degree of imbalance have been used for arriving at important conclusions. Operations on the production rate of the line is studied.This result in 60 different assignment operation on stations. The effect of such ordering on production rate is studied by calculating the percent improvement in production rate that is possible by following the best assignment over that with worst assignment. It is seen that the effect is highly significant at moderate degree of imbalance.

Keywords: Unpaced Production/Assembly line, Production rate, degree of imbalance, five station

[1]. Hiller. F.S. and Boling, R.W (1966). " the effect of some design factor on the efficiency of production line with variable operation time" J. Ind. Engg. , 17, 651
[2]. E1 – Rayah. T.E. (1979), " the efficiency of balanced and unbalanced production line." Int. J. Prod. Res. 17,61
[3]. Yasmashina, H, , and Okamura, K(1983). " Analysis of in process buffer for multistage transfer line system." Int. J.Prod. Res. 21, 183.
[4]. Kunter, S. Akbay (1996), " using simulation optimization to find the best solution," Ind. Engg. Solution 28, No 5.
[5]. R. Pike & G.F. Martin (1994) the bowl phenomenon in unpaced line to large production". Int. J.Pood. Res. 32,483.
[6]. R.A. Johnson " Probability Densities" Proceeding of the Seminar on "Probability and statistics for engineers‟ New Delhi, 1996, Chapter 5, P137
[7]. E. Balagrusamy "Numerical Methods‟ tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi, 1999.

Abstract: In today's competitive world of manufacturing and machining, drilling process plays a vital role. Drilling of hole with minimum time, along with maintaining accuracy of hole is important. For assembly and sliding motion of shaft in hole, hole finishing also became significant. So for drilling operation, now a day's surface finish and accuracy of hole are new challenges for industry. Paper will deal with above mentioned requirements viz. surface finish and hole accuracy for EN 31 as widely used material with selected input parameters as speed, depth of cut, feed and type of tool. Confirmation of input parameters is done by review of literature, and optimums setting are made by taguchi's design after performing experimentation, followed by ANOVA and regression analysis, for optimization of surface finish speed, feed and type of tool found significant with values of 30m/min, 0.2 mm/rev., HSS respectively. For optimization of hole accuracy speed, feed, type of tool and drill depth found significant with values of 30m/min, 0.2 mm/rev., HSS + TiN, 20mm respectively. Result will be useful for manufacturing industries for maintaining higher surface finish and accuracy for dry drilling process for EN 31 material.

Keywords: ANOVA, DOE, Drilling, Hole Accuracy, Regression, Surface Finish, Taguchi Method

[1]. Chen WC, Tsao CC (1999) Cutting performance of different coated twist drills. J Mater Process Technol 88:203–207
[2]. Dasch JM, Ang CC, Wong CA, Cheng YT, Weiner AM, Lev LC (2006) A comparison of five categories of carbon-based tool coatings for dry drilling of aluminum. Surf Coat Technol200:2970–2977
[3]. Pirtini M, Lazoglu I (2005) Forces and hole quality in drilling. IntJ Mach Tools Manuf 45:1271–1281
[4]. Phadke MS (1989) Quality engineering using robust design. Prentice-Hill, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
[5]. Yang JL, Chen JC (2001) A systematic approach for identifying optimum surface roughness performance in end-milling operations.J IndTechnol 17:1–8
[6]. Zhao H (1994) Predictive models for forces, power and holeoversize in drilling operations. PhD thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia

Abstract: The paper deals with the effects of addition of various proportions of polypropylene fibers on the properties of High strength concrete (M30and M40 mixes). An experimental program was carried out to explore its effects on compressive, tensile, flexural strength under different curing condition. The main aim of the investigation program is to study the effect of Polypropylene fiber mix by varying content such as 0% ,0.5%,1%,1.5% & 2% and finding the optimum Polypropylene fibre content. The concrete specimens were tested at different age level for mechanical properties of concrete, namely, cube compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength. A detailed study was carried out for curing conditions. Half of the concrete specimens were left exposed to the surrounding to cure by themselves and the remaining half were cured in a curing tank. Initially the concrete specimen's shows appreciable strength for irregular curing but as the days advances the curing specimens gave satisfactory strength. A notable increase in the compressive, tensile and flexural strength was observed. However, further investigations were highly recommended and should be carried out to understand more mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete.

Keywords: Different curing condition, High strength concrete, mechanical properties of concrete, polypropylene fibers

[1]. Balaguru P.N. and Shah S.P., 1992, Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites, McGraw- Hill Inc., New York, United State of America
[2]. Bentur A. and Mindess S., 1990, Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites, Elsevier Science Publishing Ltd., New York, United State of America.
[3]. James J. Beaudoin, 1990, Handbook of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: Principles, Properties, Development and Applications, Noyes Publications, New Jersey, United State of America.
[4]. Riley, V.R. and Reddaway, J.L., 1968, Tensile strength and failure mechanics of Fibre composites, J. Materials Science.
[5]. Alhozaimy, A. M., Soroushian, P., & Mirza, F. (1996). Mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete and the effects of pozzolanic materials. Cement and Concrete Composites, 18(2), 85-92.
[6]. Banthia N. and Dubey A., 2000, Measurement of flexural Toughness of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Using Technique – Part 2: Performance of various Composites,
[7]. Nanni A., and ACSE, 1992, Properties of Aramid-Fiber Reinforced Concrete and SIFCON, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 4, Number 1, February 1992, p.1-13.
[8]. Fibremesh, 1989, Fibremesh Micro-Reinforcement System, Synthetic Industries, Fibremesh Division, TN, United State of America.

Abstract: In this study, parallel machines makespan minimization problem, where the jobs are non-resumable and the machines are subject to unavailability periods of known starting times and durations, was considered. The problem was formulated as an Integer Linear Programming mathematical model. An efficient solution procedure was proposed for the problem through two algorithms. The first algorithm utilizes the Longest Processing Time dispatching rule which generates an initial solution (makespan) used to obtain an upper bound which is used to backtrack through the second algorithm.

[1]. Baker, K.R. and Trietsch, D. (2009): Principles of Sequencing and Scheduling, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey.
[2]. Blazewicz, J., Drozdowski, M., Formanowicz, P., Kubiak, W. and Schmidt, G. (2000): Scheduling Pre-emptable Tasks on Parallel Processors with Limited Availability. Parallel Computing, 26:1195-1211.
[3]. Brucker, P. (1994): A polynomial algorithm for the two machine job-shop scheduling problem with a fixed number of jobs. Operations Research Spectrum, 16(1):5–7.
[4]. Chang, T.C.E., Hsu, C. and Yang, D. (2011): Unrelated parallel machines scheduling with deteriorating maintenance activities, Computers & Industrial Engineering Vol. 60, p. 602-605.
[5]. Chen, J. and Lee, C.Y. (1999): General multiprocessor task scheduling. Naval Research Logistics, 46(1):57–74.
[6]. Ho, J. C. and Wong, J. S. (1995): Makespan Minimization for m-parallel Identical Processors. Naval Research Logistics, 42:935-942.
[7]. Kellereer, H. (1998): Algorithms for Multiprocessor Scheduling with Machine Release Times, IIE Transactions, Vol. 30, pp.991-999.
[8]. Lee. C.Y. (1991): Parallel Machines Scheduling with Non-simultaneous Machine Available Time, Discrete Applied Mathematics, Vol. 30, pp.53-61.

Abstract: Creating a suitable energy and environmental, alternative energy is needed to develop instead of using fossil fuels. The demand of resources and fuels for the technologies development is increasing day by day. In order to keep the development high we need to think about some alternative fuel with better efficiency which would help the demand keeping in mind the resources for the future generation An alternative fuel needs to be developed and researched upon which could help us get greener and better tomorrow. In this paper I would like to highlight upon the usage of Methanol (30%) blended with Cottonseed oil (70%) for a compression ignition engine and the performance characteristics of this blended fuel. The HC, CO emissions are measured in exhaust gases using gas analyzer and it is observed that HC, CO emissions in Methanol Blend with vegetable oil are less compare to diesel.

Keywords: CI Twin Cylinder Engine, Engine Performance, Emissions, Cottonseed oil, Methanol

[1]. Q.A. BAKER ―Use of alcohols in Diesel Fuel Emulsions and Solutions in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine SAE 810254.
[2]. D.HARA GOPALA RAO ―Partial Substitution of Alcohols for Diesel Fuel BHU.
[3]. H.A.HAVEMANN et al ―The Utilizat ion of Pure Alcohol in Combinat ion with Normal and Heavy Fuels in High Speed diesel Engines‖ - Journal of IISc, XXXV, No. 4, 1953.
[4]. RANGIAH et al ―Performance of Ceramic Coated diesel Engines with Methanol –Diesel Mixtures 91985. National Conference in I.C.Engines and Combustion
[5]. B.NAGALINGAM etal―Surface Ignition Engines -A New Approachnitiated combustion of Alcohol in Diesel SAE 800262, SAE TRANS 1980, Vol 89, Section 2,1217-29.
[6]. M.R.K. RAO and N.SRINIVASA MURTHY ―Alcohol as Fuel in DieselEngines Chemical Age of India, Vol – 14, No. 1 Jan 1964.
[7]. C.M.VARAPRASAD ―Performance Evaluation of a High speed light weight diesel engine with Methanol-Diesel mixtures.

Abstract: In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, fuels like Biofuel may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates Biofuel (20% Jathroha + 70% Hippi oil + 10% Ethanol) as a C I engine fuel. The objectives of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a twin cylinder diesel engine that are using Biofuel & compared to usage of diesel that are available in the market. This report describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyze the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of diesel engine due to usage of the both fuels. Detail studies about the experimental setup and components have been done before the experiment started. Data that are required for the analysis is observed from the experiments.

[1]. Alan C. Hansen, Qin Zhang and Peter W. L. Lyne, "Ethanol–diesel fuel blends a review", Bioresource Technology, Volume 96, Issue 3, February 2005, Pages 277-285.
[2]. Hanbey Hazar, "Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine", Renewable Energy 34 (2009) 1533–1537. [3]. Neven Voca,Boris Varga,Tajana Kricka, Duska Curic, Vanja Jurisic and Ana Matin, "Progress in ethanol production from corn kernel by applying cooking pre-treatment" Bioresource Technology Volume 100, Issue 10, May 2009, Pages 2712-2718.
[4]. Avinash Kumar Agarwal, "Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines" Renewable Energy, 27 November 2006.
[5]. Hakan, Bayraktar. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of using gasoline–ethanol blends in spark-ignition engines", Renewable Energy, 2005; Volume 30, Issue 11:pp1733-1747.
[6]. Jason J, Daniel Marc, Rosen A, "Exergetic Environmental Assessment of Life Cycle Emissions for various Automobiles and Fuels, Exergy 2 (2002) 283-294
[7]. Hwanam Kima, Byungchul Choi, "Effect of ethanol–diesel blend fuels on emission and particle size distribution in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with warm-up catalytic converter", Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 2222–2228.

Abstract: Stone dust is a kind of solid waste material that is generated from stone crushing industry which is abundantly available. It is estimated that each crusher unit produce 15%-20% stone dust. Disposal of such wastes poses lots of geoenvironmental problems such as landfill disposal problems, health and environmental hazards. The best way to eliminate these problems is to make use such waste. Keeping this in view an experimental study was conducted on locally available soil by mixing it with Stone Dust. The effect of randomly distributed Stone Dust on MDD, OMC, Specific gravity and CBR has been discussed in this paper. The percentage of stone dust by dry weight of soil was taken as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%.The first series of compaction, specific gravity and CBR tests were conducted on the soil and the same tests were conducted in the second series on soil samples mixed with stone dust. Laboratory experiments favorably suggest that mixing stone dust with soil would be effective in improving soil properties.

Keywords: CBR, MDD, OMC, specific gravity, stone dust

[1]. Soosan, T.G.; Jose, B.T. and Abraham, B.M. (2001). Use of Crusher dust in embankment and highway construction. Proc. Indian Geotechnical Conference, December, Indore, 274-277.
[2]. Roobhakhshan, A. and Kalantari, B. (2013). Stabilization of Clayey Soil with Lime and Waste Stone Powder. Int. Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, vol. 1, issue 12, 547-556.
[3]. Sabat, A.K. (2012). A Study on Some Geotechnical Properties of Lime Stabilized Expansive soil-Quarry Dust Mixes. Int. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development, vol.1, issue 2, 42-49.
[4]. Satyanarayana, P.V.V.; Raghu, P.; kumar, R.A. and Pradeep, N. (2013). Performance of Crusher Dust in High Plastic Gravel soils as road construction material. IOSR Journal of mechanical and civil engineering, vol.10, issue 3, 01-05.
[5]. Ali, M.S. and Koranne, S.S. (2011). Performance Analysis of Expansive soil Treated with Stone Dust and Fly Ash. EJGE, vol.16, 973-982.
[6]. Bshara, A.S.; Bind, Y.K. and Sinha, P.K. (2014). Effect of Stone Dust on Geotechnical properties of Poor soil. Int. Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), vol. 5, issue 4, 37-47.

Abstract: An electric hybrid car is one which runs on electric motor and does not consume fuel. It does not involve the complication of harmful emissions and is thus environment friendly. It utilizes batteries which generate 200-300 volts or more of electricity. The battery is charged through regenerative braking which converts the car's kinetic energy to electrical energy. Electric Hybrid Vehicles can be classified by the degree of hybridization as full hybrid and mild hybrid. Full hybrid vehicles include the type which run by only batteries, only engine, or a combination of batteries and engine. The examples of this type are: Ford Fusion Hybrid and Toyota Prius. Whereas in a mild hybrid vehicle the electric motor does not have enough power to drive the vehicle hence it cannot be driven only on its electric motor. Examples of this type are : Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid.

Keywords: Electric Motor Drive, Electrocution, Powertrain, Regenerative Braking, Shutoff

[1]. Plug-in Hybrids by Sherry Boschert
[2]. The Electric Car by Michael Hereward Westbrook
Websites:
[3]. http://www.emergencytrainingsolutions.com/downloads/pdfs/ETS_FDIC_%20Hybrid_Vehicle_Article.pdf
[4]. http://www.pilotsystemsinternational.com/hybrid-vehicle-safety.html

Abstract: RCS moment-resisting frame systems, consisting of Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns and Steel (S) beams, take advantage of the inherent stiffness and damping, as well as low-cost of concrete, the lightweight and construction efficiency of structural steel. Past studies have shown these systems to be efficient in both design and construction stages while able to maintain sufficient strength and ductility necessary in seismic applications. Despite this past research, use of this hybrid structural system in the United States has been limited to non- or low-seismic zones. In addition, past studies have acknowledged that there is a fundamental need to test full structural systems, both analytically and experimentally, in order to (1) substantiate the knowledge that has accumulated up to this point and (2) act as a proof of concept for the composite RCS frames. This paper aim to facilitate the greater acceptance and use of composite RCS systems as a viable alternative to conventional lateral resisting systems in comparison with the ordinary RC building.

[1]. Liang Xuemei, Gustavo J. and James K. Wight , "Seismic behavior of RCS beam-column-slab subassemblies designed following a connection deformation-based capacity design approach" , 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004.
[2]. Griffis, L.G. (1986). "Some Design Considerations for Composite-Frame Structures," AISC Engineering Journal, Second Quarter, pp. 59-64.
[3]. Sheikh, T.M., Yura, J.A., and Jirsa, J.O. (1987). "Moment Connections between SteelBeams and Concrete Columns," PMFSEL Report No. 87-4, University of Texas at Austin, Texas.
[4]. Mehmet Inel , Hayri Baytan Qzmen, " Effect of plastic hinge properties in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete building," Engineering Structures Journal (2006), pp. 1494-1502
[5]. Mehanny, S.S., Cordova, P.P., and Deierlein, G.G. (2000). Seismic Design of Composite Moment Frame Buildings – Case Studies and Code Implications, Composite Construction IV, ASCE, in press.
[6]. Bugeja, M., Bracci, J.M., and Moore, W.P. (1999). "Seismic Behavior of Composite Moment Resisting Frame Systems," Technical Report CBDC-99-01, Dept. of Civil Engrg., Texas A & M University.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement, in the form of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement,are currently being developed for use in new buildings and bridges. The major driving force behind thisdevelopment is the superior performance of FRPs in corrosive environments.In this study, an attempt has been done for investigating the seismic behavior of a 3D moment resisting frame performing static pushover analysis using either steel reinforced bars or FRP reinforced bars. The selectedmodel building represents all typical elements (beams and columns) with design guides according to Egyptian codefordesign and construction of concretestructures (2007). To investigate the possibility and effectiveness of the use of FRP bars, a comparative study was performed. The comparison has made between typical framed RC building reinforced by steel bars and the same building after reinforced with FRP. By using nonlinear static (pushover) analysis, the performance levels of structural members were evaluated for the two structures. According to the results of the structural analysis, significantly larger lateral displacement and slightly higher lateral strength with respect to original performance are possible using FRP reinforced bars than that when using steel bars.

Keywords:Fiber-reinforcement Polymer/plastic; Moment resisting RC frames; Pushover analysis.

[1]. AdeelZafar and BassemAndrawes (2014), " Experimental and Analytical Study of Innovative Shape Memory Alloy-Based FRP Composite Reinforcement for Seismic Applications", Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering, July 21-25, 2014, (10NCEE Anchorage, Alaska).
[2]. Bedard, Claude, (1992). "Composite Reinforcing Bars: Assessing their use in Construction",Concrete International: Design and Construction, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 55-59.
[3]. CSA S806-02.(2002) "Design and construction of building components with fibre-reinforced polymers,Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale Ontario, May 2002.
[4]. Curtis B. Boyd (1997), "A Load-Deflection Study of Fiber Reinforced Plastics as Reinforcement in Concrete BridgeDecks", Thesis (M.S.), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1997.
[5]. Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures (ECP 203- 2007).
[6]. Egyptian Code of Practice for the Use Of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) In The Construction Fields ( ECP 208-2005)
[7]. Egyptian Loading Code, ECP-201 (2012), p 108-158.