iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: Recent growth in India for construction of large span roof steel structure using shop fabricated steel sheet built-up members are facing challages in trasportation and erection from shop to site. Lattice frame construction using rolled section for larger span can be batter solution if feasible to construct on site with restrcited dimensions and lighter weight. Using systematic analysis of various altenatives of large span roof a solution to adopt most economical profile is presentrd in this paper work using software based analysis results.

Keywords: Pre Engineering Building( PEB), Lattice Portal frame(LPF),Wind Load(WL), Dead Load(DL), Live Load(LL),Reinforced Cement Concrete(RCC), Beuraw of Indian Standard(BIS)

[1]. Is 800:2007:, "Design of steel structures"
[2]. Is 875-part-III :, " Wind load on roof"
[3]. SP38: 1978:, " Design of roof trusses"
[4]. SP 40 : 1987 :, " Design of steel portal frames"
[5]. SP 47 : 1987 (reaffirmed on 2003):, " Design of steel lattice portal frames"

Abstract: The construction industry is the tool through which a society achieves its goal of urban and rural development. Delays inconstruction are the most serious problems which even slow down the national development. It is one of the sectors that provides important ingredient for the development of an economy.It is widely accepted that a project is successful when it is finished on time. Unfortunately, due to many reasons, largenumber of construction projects fails to follow the planned schedule and hence delayed. Construction delay is considered to be one of the recurring problems in the construction industry and it has an adverse effect on project success in terms of time, cost and quality. So, careful study and planning of each and every activity of a construction project becomes important in order to minimise delays. This paper presents the causes of delayoccurring on anongoing bridge construction project with respect to constructionof bridge girders of three spansof a Major bridge across river Sabarmati, Gandhinagar, Gujaratas a case study. Keywords: Project delay, Types of delay, Time overrun, Cost overrun

[1] Assaf, S. A., And Al-Hejji S. (2006). "Causes of Delay in Large Construction Projects". International J. Project Mgmt.,Science Direct, 24, 349-357. 4
[2] Enasfathitaher, R.K.Pandey "Study Of Delay In Project Planning And Design Stage Of Civil Engineering Projects" (2013)
[3] S.K.Patil, A.K.Gupta, D.B.Desai, A.S.Sajane "Causes Of Delay In Indian Transportation Infrastructure Project" (2013)
[4] Jyh-Bin Yang And Chih-Kuei Kao "Review Of Delay Analysis Methods: A Process-Based Comparison" (2008)
[5] Tarek Hegazy And Wail Menesi "Delay Analysis Under Multiple Baseline Updates" (2007)
[6] Muralisambasivan , Yau Wen Soon "Causes And Effects Of Delays In Malaysian Construction Industry"
[7] Ashwiniarunsalunkhe, Rahul S. Patil"Effect Of Construction Delays On Project Time Overrun Indian Scenario (2014)
[8] Ram Singh, "Delays And Cost Overruns In Infrastructure Projects: Extent, Causes And Remedies", Economic And Political Weekly, Vol.21. May 22, 2010, Pp 43-54.

Abstract: Composite materials consists of more than one material or component where each component retains its basic properties and at the same time produces a material with a new set of properties that are different from each of component. This increase in use of composite materials in various applications has generated considerable interest for the development of reliable techniques and methods to predict the structural response under various loading conditions. With this advantage we can develop a material useful for the required application. Aim of this project is to study the behavior of a hybrid composite laminate with the change in orientation of fiber from layer to layer, i.e., preparation of hybrid FRP composite laminate sample (ASTM specimen) using glass wool and epoxy as binder and test the prepared sample for its mechanical properties as per ASTM Standards. Modeling and Analysis by using ansys . Validation of Analytical experimental results.

[1]. Jones R.M, Mechanics of composites materials 2/e, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, 1999.
[2]. Kaw.autur Kaw K., mechanics of composite materials, CRC Press LLC, Florida, 1997.
[3]. Bhagwan D.Agarwal and Lawrence J.Broutman, Analysis and performance of fiber composites, 2/e, john wiley&sons, Newyork, 1990
[4]. A.A Shaik and Dr.S. channiwala,computer aided Design of jute fiber Reinforced composite,Sixteenth National Convection Mechanical Engineers and national seminar on future Trends in Mechanical Engg,roorkee,2000.
[5]. Comparison of two cocured damoed composite torsion shafts presented by K.L Napolitano, W.Grippo, J.B.Kosmatka, Dept of Mechanical Engg, University of California.

Abstract: Advanced materials such as carbon fiber, ceramics, composite materials etc. all are more and more used in modern industry. They make the structures lighter and stiffer. In this work an adaptive vibration control method utilizing magnetically mounted piezoelectric elements is described. Piezoelectric elements are bonded to permanent magnets, termed here as a control mounts which are attached to the surface of steel shaft through their magnetic attraction. It is one damping method for controlling vibrations generated in the system. Instead of epoxy attachment to piezoelectric control mount, the magnets are effectively used for vibration control mounts. It is efficient in frequency damping 90-99%. It reduces amplitude and deformation 60% effectively.

Keywords: FEA, control mount, shaft system, vibration damping etc.

[1]. G Song, J Vlattas, Active vibration control of a space truss using a lead zirconatetitanate stack actuator, Annals of the university of petrosani, pp. 137-142, (2001).
[2]. Romuald Rzadkowski, Natural frequencies and mode shapes of two rigid blades discs on the shaft, journal of vibration and noise control, (july 2003).
[3]. Kaixiang, Structural vibration damping with synchronized energy transfer between piezoelectric patches, INSA, pp.43-47, (2011).
[4]. James B., Piezoelectric vibration damping study for rotating composite fan blades, NASA/TM, pp.18-21, (2012).
[5]. J .C. Collinger, An Investigation Into Using Magnetically Attached Piezoelectric Elements for Vibration Control ,Journal of vibration and acoustics, vol.134, (Dec-2012)

Abstract: The weather of the United Arab Emirates region poses a considerable challenge in terms of the extreme summers where average ambient temperature exceeds 45 ºC. The extreme summers result in greater power consumption by the air conditioning systems widely used in the region, the continual increase in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions decree for efficient use of renewable energy resources. Thus there a is growing necessity to improve the geo-thermal techniques in order to cut-down on power consumption for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The Vertical Looping Method was employed in the implementation of direct exchange ground source heat exchanger. This paper presents the experimental results on the performance of the system with medium as still air, water and sand. The experimental result shows that the highest coefficient of performance of 3.72 achieved when the bore hole is filled with water.

Keywords: Ground Source, Heat Exchanger, Vertical Looping, Condenser, Air Conditioner.

[1]. R. Curtis, J. Lund, B. Sanner, L. Rybach,G. Hellström, Ground Source Heat Pumps- Geothermal Energy For Anyone, Anywhere: Current Worldwide Activity, Proc. World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
[2]. Maeirzalmanolfman, Allan D. Woodbury, Jonathan Bartley, Effects Of Depth And Material Property Variations On The Ground Temperature Response To Heating By A Deep Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger In Purely Conductive Media, Geothermic, Volume 51, July 2014, Pages 9-30.
[3]. Huajun Wang, Qian Zhao, Juntao Wu, Bin Yang, Zhihao Chen, Experimental Investigation On The Operation Performance Of A Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump System For Space Heating, Energy And Buildings, Volume 61, June 2013, Pages 349-355.
[4]. Leslie Johns,Katiela Corte, Jonas, Serensen, Geo-Thermal Tulane's Better Energy Alternatives, Tulane University, Mgmt 7150-21,March 3,2010.
[5]. Nabihanaili, Issam Attar, Majdihazami, Abdelhamidfarhat, Performance Analysis Of Ground Source Cooling System With Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger In Tunisia, Energy, Volume 61, 1 November 2013, Pages 319-331.
[6]. M.Thirumaleshwar, Fundamentals Of Heat And Mass Transfer, Published By Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd., 2006,Pages 578-595.
[7]. S. J. Bates, A Critical Evaluation Of Salt Weathering Impacts On Building Materials At Jazirat Al Hamra, Uae., Geoverse, Oxford Brookes University, 1-17, 2010.

Abstract: Wire-cut Electrical Discharge machining is a non-conventional machining method used to cut hard to machine material, which are difficult to process by conventional processes. The applications of WEDM are in automobiles, aero-space, medical instruments, tool and die industries. Productivity and quality are two important aspects have become great concerns in today's competitive global market. Every production/manufacturing unit mainly focuses on these areas in relation to the process as well as product developed. Since wire-cut EDM has experienced explosive growth in application users demand and need maximum productivity and through-put, increased accuracy, and predictable performance. WEDM is now growing as an important process in various fields. This process is based on the a continuously moving conductive wire acts as an electrode and material is eroded from the work piece by series of discrete sparks between the work piece and wire electrode separated by a thin film of dielectric fluid. The dielectric is continuously fed to the spark zone to flush away the eroded material and it acts as a coolant. This Review Research paper is based on the development and processes of WEDM.

Index Terms: Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machine, Process, Development, Non-conventional machining process.

[1]. Alpesh M. Patel ,Vishal Achwal, "Optimization Of Parameters For Wedm Machine For Productivity Improvement" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 9, Issue 5 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 10-14.
[2]. P. Abinesh, Dr. K. Varatharajan, Dr. G. Satheesh Kumar," Optimization of Process Parameters Influencing MRR, Surface Roughness and Electrode Wear During Machining of Titanium Alloys by WEDM" International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 2, Issue 4, June-July, 2014 ISSN 2091-2730.
[3]. U.K.Vates, N.K.Singh, R.V.Singh," Modelling of Process Parameters on D2 Steel using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining with combined approach of RSM and ANN" International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 2026 ISSN 2229-5518.
[4]. Sanjay Kumar Majhi, M.K Pradhan, Hargovind Soni,"Optimization of EDM parameters using RSM, GRA and Entropy method". International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJARME) ISSN:2231-5950, Volume-3, Issume-1,2013.
[5]. Anjali V. Kulkarni,"Electrochemical Discharge Machining Process". Defence Science Journal, Vol. 57, No. 5, September 2007, pp. 765-770.

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study to optimize cutting parameters during machining of SS 304 for simultaneous minimization and maximization of Surface roughness (Ra), machining time, geometrical tolerance of Stainless Steel affect the aesthetical aspect of the final product and hence it is essential to select the best combination values of the CNC turning and CNC Milling process parameters to minimize as well as maximize the responses. An orthogonal array, Signal to noise(S/N) ratio and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were employed to analyze the effects and contributions of depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed on the response variable. The experiments were carried out on a CNC turning and CNC machining, using coated carbide insert for the machining of Stainless Steel. The experiments were carried out as per L9 orthogonal array with each experiment performed under different conditions of such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feedrate. te analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the level of importance of the machining parameters on Surface roughness (Ra), machining time and geometrical tolerance. The result of this research work showed that feed rate is the most significant factor for minimizing surface roughness. Higher feed rate provides higher surface roughness..

[1]. R. Curtis, J. Lund, B. Sanner, L. Rybach,G. Hellström, Ground Source Heat Pumps- Geothermal Energy For Anyone, Anywhere: Current Worldwide Activity, Proc. World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.
[2]. Maeirzalmanolfman, Allan D. Woodbury, Jonathan Bartley, Effects Of Depth And Material Property Variations On The Ground Temperature Response To Heating By A Deep Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger In Purely Conductive Media, Geothermic, Volume 51, July 2014, Pages 9-30.
[3]. Huajun Wang, Qian Zhao, Juntao Wu, Bin Yang, Zhihao Chen, Experimental Investigation On The Operation Performance Of A Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump System For Space Heating, Energy And Buildings, Volume 61, June 2013, Pages 349-355.
[4]. Leslie Johns,Katiela Corte, Jonas, Serensen, Geo-Thermal Tulane's Better Energy Alternatives, Tulane University, Mgmt 7150-21,March 3,2010.
[5]. Nabihanaili, Issam Attar, Majdihazami, Abdelhamidfarhat, Performance Analysis Of Ground Source Cooling System With Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger In Tunisia, Energy, Volume 61, 1 November 2013, Pages 319-331.
[6]. M.Thirumaleshwar, Fundamentals Of Heat And Mass Transfer, Published By Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd., 2006,Pages 578-595.
[7]. S. J. Bates, A Critical Evaluation Of Salt Weathering Impacts On Building Materials At Jazirat Al Hamra, Uae., Geoverse, Oxford Brookes University, 1-17, 2010.

Abstract: Aluminium foam can be manufactured by various processes such as direct foaming of aluminium alloy and powder metallurgical methods. Different properties and applications of various types of foams are discussed in this paper. Such studies give us an idea of the fields where aluminium foams can perform well and how can we use it in future development.

Index Terms: Aluminum foams, energy absorption, light-weight construction, precursors, sandwich panels

[1] Harte A-M, Nichol S. [2] Banhart J, Weaire D, Physics Today.

[3] Babcsan N, Banhart J, in Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces, Binks BP, Horozov TS, Eds., Cambridge University.

[4] Markaki & Clyne, 2001; Campana & Pilone, 2008.

[5] Baumeister J, Banhart J, Weber M, German Patent 44 26 627.

[6] Banhart J, Seeliger W, Beichelt C.

[7] Isabel Duarte and Mónica Oliveira, Aluminium Alloy Foams: Production and Properties.

Abstract: Small – scale industries are the foundational pillars of Indian economy. Here we are doing a case study on Chartered rubber product to improve its productivity. They are following various orthodox customs, improper utilization of available space & inaccurate arrangement of machineries with respect to one another. Hence they are taking a lot of time for undertaking various tasks, and also more human effort is required. Thus with the help of SLP technique & with the help of various quality control tools, the non-value adding activities are eliminated. Thus the Productivity has been increased with reduced human efforts & employees work satisfaction. Keywords: Systematic Layout Planning, Plant Layout, Productivity Improvement.

[1]. W. Wiyaratn, and A. Watanapa, Improvement Plant Layout Using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) for Increased Productivity, International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, Volume 4, Dec 2010, pg.309-313.
[2]. Pramod P. Shewale, Manmath S. Shete, Prof. Dr. S. M. Sane, Improvement in Plant layout using Systematic Layout Planning(SLP) for Increased Productivity, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Volume1, Issue 3, April-June, 2012,pg.259-261.
[3]. Mahendra Singh, Innovative Practices in Facility Layout Planning, International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research, Volume1, Issue 12, December 2012 pg.127-139.
[4]. Subodh B Patil, S.S.Kuber, Productivity Improvement in plant by using Systematic Layout Planning(SLP) – a case study of Medium scale Industry, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 3 Issue 4, Apr-2014, pg.770-775.

Abstract: With the beginning of globalization of the market in 21st century, the manufacturing organization felt strongly challenges from their competitors. These challenges lead the organizations for the changes such as reduced product life cycle, minimum production cost and responding to diverse needs of customers. To respond the customer requirement and increasing customer satisfaction many organization adopted process improving techniques such as Lean or agile manufacturing. This paper briefly explores to the concept lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing with their similarities and differences including limitation of the concepts. The paper proposes an approach which emphasizes to response customer requirement and increase customer satisfaction. The paper also focuses on methods to detect, analyze and improve the problems and dysfunctions in process through process interaction, including maintaining the result efforts.

Key words: Lean Manufacturing, Agile Manufacturing, Waste Minimization

[1]. Arnheiter D. E., Maleyeff J., The integration of lean management and Six Sigma, The TQM magazine, 17, 5 – 18, 2005.
[2]. Gupta, U.G. and Mittal, R.O, Quality, Time, and Innovation Based Performance Measurement System for Agile Manufacturing, Proceedings-Annual Meeting of the decision Science Institute, 3, 1511-1513, 1996,
[3]. N. Bhuiyan, and A. Baghel, An overview of continuous improvement: from past to present. Management Decision. Volume, 43, no. 5, pp. 761-771, (2005).
[4]. E. Handyside, Genba Kanri., The Disciplines of Real Leadership in the Workplace. Gower. London. (1997).
[5]. J.P. Womack, D.T. Jones and D. Roos, The Machine That Changed the World, Rawson Associates, New York, NY, 1990.

Abstract: A biped is a multi-jointed mechanism that performs a human's motions. It seems more difficult to analyze the behavioral character of walking robot due to the complexity of mathematical description. This paper focuses on developing a methodology for deriving an inverse kinematic joint solution of a biped robot. This work aimed to build the lower side, the locomotion part of a biped robot. It couples a design considerations and simplicity of design to provide inverse kinematics analysis of 11 degree-of-freedom (DOF) biped robot. The model used consists of 5-links which are connected through revolute joints. The identical legs have hip joint, knee joints and ankle joint. This paper addresses symbolic formulation for reducing problem in solving univariate polynomial. An effective approach is developed for the solution of inverse kinematics task in analytical form for given end-effector position. This method presents a simple and efficient procedure for finding the joint solution of bipeds.

Keywords: Biped, Degree of freedom, Denavit-hartenberg parameters, Inverse kinematics.

[[1]. D. L. Pieper, "The kinematics of manipulators under computer control," Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., 1968.
[2]. G. Tevatia and S. Schaal, "Inverse kinematics for humanoid robots," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), vol. 1, 2000, pp. 294–299.
[3]. R. Muller-Cajar and R. Mukundan, "A new algorithm for inverse kinematics," in Proc. of the Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Dec. 2007, pp. 181–186.
[4]. K. S. Fu, R. C. Gonzalez, and C. S. G. Lee, Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision, and Intelligence. McGraw-Hill, 1987.
[5]. R. P. Paul, B. E. Shimano, and G. Mayer, "Kinematic control equations for simple manipulators," in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 11, 1981, pp. 449–455.
[6]. Y. Cui, P. Shi, and J. Rua, "Kinematics analysis and simulation of a 6-dof humanoid robot manipulator," in Proc. of the IEEE Intl.
[7]. Asia Conf. on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (CAR), vol. 2, Mar 2010, pp. 246–249.

Abstract: In this paper we develop a computer code which uses the Method of Characteristics and the Stream Function to define the traditional aerospike nozzle contour for isentropic, inviscid, irrotational supersonic flows of any working fluid for any user-defined exit Mach number. The contour obtained is compared to theoretical isentropic area ratios for the selected fluid and desired exit Mach number. The accuracy of the nozzle to produce the desired exit Mach number is also checked. The flow field of the nozzle created by the code is independently checked with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS-FLUENT. ANSYS- FLUENT predictions are used to verify the isentropic flow assumption and that the working fluid reached the user-defined desired exit Mach number. Good agreement in area ratio and exit Mach number is going to be achieved, verifying that the code is accurate.
Key words: Supersonic, Method of Characteristics, Stream Function, Backward Characteristic, Isentropic, Prandtl- Meyer expansion angle.

[1]. Anderson, JD., 2001, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 3rd Edition, pp. 532-537, pp.555-585.
[2]. Anderson, JD., 1982, Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, pp. 268-270, pp. 282-286.
[3]. Angelino, G., Oct. 1964, "Approximate Method for Plug Nozzle Design", AIAA Journal,Vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 1834-1835.
[4]. Dale, D., Kozak, J., Patru, D., 2006, "Design and Testing of a Small Scale Rocket for Pico- Satellite Launching", Rochester Institute of Technology METEOR Project, Senior Design Project 06006.
[5]. Foelsch, K., Mar. 1949, "The Analytic Design of an Axially Symmetric Laval Nozzle for a Parallel and Uniform Jet", Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 161-166, 188.

Abstract: Housing shortage has become a social crisis in Iran, especially in recent years and has had a great impact on life of citizens. Following the housing issues have indicated that governments have had the agenda for building affordable housing and mass constructing over the past 20 years and it showsthathousing dilemmahas been fundamental in our country. In recent years, to avoid rising land prices in one hand and provide housing for low-income families who have no house on the other hand, the government has decided to assign the state lands as a 99-years lease and low rental amount and construct 1,500,000 affordable residential unitsin leased lands called as Mehr Housing Project.MehrHousing Project was carried out inmost cities in Iran. In metropolitan cities including Tehran (Hashtgerd, Parand, Pardis, etc) this project was fulfilled in new townsto prevent from concentration of population in metropolises. The objective of conducting this research is to review and evaluate MehrHousing Project and analyze the subject that if Mehr Housing Project could achieve its goal in providing house for low-income people. This research has used the descriptive-analytical method.

Keywords: (mehr housing project,affordablehousing,residentialunits,low-income people).

[1]. DaroudiMohammadreza; 2010; Location Efficient Mortgage, a new experiment in housing section; Abadi Journal; Architecture and Urban Studies; Twentieth Year, No. 69.
[2]. EtemadGity; 1990; House ownership and its impact on the organization of urban space; Journal of Architecture, No. 9.
[3]. Hossein Shakoee; 1993; Social geography of cities; ACECR Publication, Tehran
[4]. Housing Master Plan Report, analytical, strategic & operational document; 2006; Ministry of Housing & Urban Development; June 2006
[5]. RafieeMinoo; 2009; Housing for low-income groups, what we did and what should we do; Expediency Council's Infrastructure Committee.
[6]. VosoughiFatemeh; 1998; housing in Khorasan; Mashhad; Paz Publication.

Abstract: The effective analysis of this study involves the investigation of suitable density and thickness of the materials for the best performance of low temperature thermal insulation in ice coolers. The requirement of energy conservation in ice coolers and to decrease the spoilage of food is essential nowadays. This investigative study is over the ice coolers performing with coconut fibre and polystyrene as insulation materials with different possible thermal conductivities and also about a better a choice of using polyurethane as insulator in ice coolers. In which, the optimised density and thickness of the polyurethane is analysed and the thermal conductivity is found experimentally by Lee's Disk Apparatus from all the three materials namely coconut fibre, polystyrene and polyurethane. It is found that polyurethane of density 95kg/m3 is the best with least thermal conductivity of 0.0195 W/m K. The experimental data is compared with the numerical analysis by which the best density and thickness for the insulating material is found in order to minimize the loss of heat energy in the ice coolers and to increase the melting time of the ice in it.

Keywords: ice coolers, polystyrene, polyurethane, thermal conductivity and melting time

[1]. "Renewable Building Thermal Insulation – Oil Palm Fibre" by Krishpersad Manohar, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 2 No. 3, March, 2012.
[2]. "Biodegradable Thermal Insulation for Ice-Coolers" by Krishpersad Manohar International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.1, Issue2, pp-559-563.
[3]. A. Bandyopadhyay, and G. Chandra Basak, Studies on photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene, aterials Science and Technology 23(3), 2007, 307–317.
[4]. "Agricultural Waste Materials as Thermal Insulation for Dwellings in Thailand: Preliminary Results" by Satta Panyakaew 1, Steve Fotios 2, PLEA 2008 – 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Dublin, 22nd to 24th October 2008.
[5]. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Properties of Borassus Flabellifer Reinforced Composites and Effect of Addition of Fly Ash" by Eeday.Saranya1, Goteti.Satyanarayana2, Anne.SrihariPrasad3, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 15 Number 8 – Sep 2014.