iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: The paper investigates the potentials of tincal ore waste (TOW) as a material for improvement of the properties of lateritic soil barrier system for containment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on the lateritic soil alone (control) and lateritic soil replaced with 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % TOW by dry weight of the soil and compacted using four compaction methods. All the UCS values obtained for the control specimens and the soil replaced with various proportions of TOW were above 200 kN/m2 and thus met the UCS criterion for stability of liner materials. The hydraulic conductivities obtained when the specimens were permeated with leachate are better than those obtained when distilled water was used as the permeant fluid. Specimens containing 20 % TOW and compacted using the British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energy gave the overall lowest hydraulic conductivities on the orders of 2.1 x 10-10 m/s to 3.2 x 10-12 m/s based on permeation with leachate.

1]. AASHTO (1986) Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods sampling and testing, 4th edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
[2]. Abichou,T., Benson, C.H. and Edil,T. (1998c) Using waste foundry sand for hydraulic barriers, recycled materials in geotechnical applications, GSP 79, ASCE, Reston, Va., 86 – 99
[3]. Abichou,T., Benson, C.H. and Edil, G.T. (2000) Foundry green sand as hydraulic barriers laboratory studies Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 126, 1174 – 1183.
[4]. Abdullah, W. S., Alshibli, K.A. and Al-Zoubi, M.S. (1999) Influence of pore water chemistry on the swelling behaviour of compacted clays Applied Clay Science, 15, 447 – 462.
[5]. Amu, O.O., Ogunniyi, S.A. and Oladeji, O.O. (2011) Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with sugarcane straw ash. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2, 323 - 331

Abstract: Saw dust ash (SDA) was investigated as a stabilizing agent for an A-7-6 lateritic soil based on the following engineering properties that directly or indirectly measures the shear strength of a soil.These are,Atterberg limits, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and 7-day water cured unconfined compressive strength test. With increasing ash content the liquid limit shows a progressive increase up to 8% and then decrease; plastic limit increases up to a value,drops and then levels off; maximum dry density decreases, while optimum moisture content increases. Unconfined compressive strength shows an initial decrease then an increase that reaches a maximum before a drop.

Keywords: Lateritic soil,SDA, Stabilization, Unconfined compression Tests, water cured

[1]. Ola, S. A. "Geotechnical properties of some stabilized Nigerian lateritic soils "Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology.Volume 11, 1978. 145-160
[2]. Alhassan, M., and Mustapha, A.M. Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Cement Stabilized Laterite.Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies.Issue II,.2007. .47-58.
[3]. Brooks, R.M. Soil stabilization with flyash and rice husk ash.International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences.Vol. 1.Issue 3.2009. 209-217.
[4]. O‟Flaherty, C. A. "Highways, Volume 2 Highway Engineering", (Edward Arnold, London., 1974). 254.
[5]. ASTM D 559, Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures, 1999.
[6]. ASTM D 560, Standard Test Method for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures, 2003.
[7]. Nimyat, P. S. andTok, Y, Effect of Saw Dust ash (SDA) Pozzolana on the Performance ofBlended Cement Paste Concrete at High Temperatures.Civil and Environmental Research, Vol.3, No.11,2013.

Abstract: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is complex refuse consisting of various materials with different properties. Some of the components are stable while others degrade as a result of biological and chemical processes. Leachate resulting from this is hazardous pollutant to the soil and ground water underlying. Leaching of this leachate and heavy metals into the soil leads to the contamination of both soil and groundwater. Municipal solid waste disposal on land has become one of the challenges in landfill engineering design. The stability of landfill is governed by the strength parameters and physical properties of MSW. For the analysis of MSW, geotechnical properties of the MSW play an important role in designing of the landfill and slope stability issues. In this paper results of laboratory investigation of the geotechnical properties of MSW are presented. Waste samples collected were subjected to specific gravity, moisture content, particle size analysis, compaction, permeability, consolidation and direct shear tests. The influence of these properties on the stability of the landfill and other issues of MSW in the designing of landfill are discussed.

Keywords: Geotechnical properties, Leachate, Municipal Solid waste (MSW), Physical characterization, Stability.

[1]. Sharholy, M., K. Ahmad, G. Mahmood & R. C. Trivedi, (2008), Municipal solid waste management in Indiancities – A review. Waste Management 28: 459-467.
[2]. Sethi Sapna et al. (2013) Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in Jalandhar City, Punjab, India, J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste 2013.17: 97-106.
[3]. Reddy, K. R., Hettiarachchi, H., Gangathulasi, J., Bogner, J. E., and Lagier, T. (2009c). "Geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste." Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 3(3), 429–438
[4]. Sandro Lemos Machado et al. (2010), Evaluation of the geotechnical properties of MSW in two Brazilian landfills Waste Management 30 (2010) pp 2579–2591
[5]. Sivakumar Babu G.L et al. (2012), Study Of Engineering Properties Of Municipal Solid Waste Of BangaloreCity Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference December 13-15, 2012, Delhi, (Paper No G 705).

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on vibrations of cracked beam structures and methodology for crack identification. Here the crack is modelled as transverse crack using mass-less rotational spring and it is assembled with the other discretized elements using FEM techniques. Using this model, vibration analysis of simply supported, fixed-fixed, free-free and cantilever solid rectangular beams, withcrack is carried out. The fundamental vibration modes of damaged beam are analyzed using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The location of crack is determined by the sudden changes in the spatial variation of the transformed response. The results in the simulation mode and experiments show that HHT appears to be a more effective tool for the analysis. The proposed technique is validated both analytically and experimentally thus the results shown have a good agreement with the established model.

Keywords: Crack Detection, Beam, FEM, Hilbert- Huang Transform (HHT), structural health monitoring (SHM).

[1]. M. Bezhad, A. Ghadami, A. Maghsoodi, J. M. Hale, Vibration based algorithm for crack detection in a cantilever beam containing two different types of crack, Journal of Sound and Vibration332,2013, 6312-6320.
[2]. X. B. Lu, J. K. Liu, Z. R. Lu, A two-step approach for crack detection in beam, Journal of Sound and Vibration 332,2013, 282-293.
[3]. A. P. Adewuyi, Z. Wu, N. H. M. K. Serker, Assessment of vibration based damage identification method using displacement and distributed strain measurement, Structural Health Monitoring 2009, 443-461.
[4]. P. F. Rizo, N. Aspragathos, A. D. Dimarogonas, Identification of crack location and magnitude in a cantilever beam from the vibration modes, Journal of Sound and Vibration138(3) 1990, 381-388.
[5]. M. Cao, L. Ye, L. Zhou, Z. Su, R. Bai, Sensitivity of fundamental mode shape and static deflection for damage identification in cantilever beams, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 25,2011, 630-643.
[6]. T. R. Babu, S. Srikanth, A. S. Sekhar, Hilbert-Huang transformation for detection of crack in a transient rotor, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 22, 2008, 905-914.
[7]. B. Li, C. L. Zhang, Hilbert-Huang transformation and its application to crack identification for start-up rotor, Advances in Vibration Engineering12(5), 2013, 459-473.

Abstract: The objective of present study is to predict and analyze the flow through intake manifold and inlet port system using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and to validate the prediction by experimental data. Three-dimensional model of air intake system was analyzed by using the commercially available FLUENT software. The mesh was generated using the tetrahedral hybrid scheme which includes primarily of tetrahedral mesh elements but may include hexahedral, pyramidal and wedge elements using HyperMesh. The pressure boundary conditions were used to define the fluid pressure at the inlet and outlet of Air Intake System. In the present study, the CFD code was validated by the experimental work using intake port analysis. The CFD plots give informative pictures of the flow field, which will help the designer to understand the effect of various components of Air Intake System. The predicted airflow rate shows good agreement with the experimental results. The results indicate that the CFD model can be used as a tool to understand the effect of various parts of air intake system for optimization. This in effect will reduce the number of experiments to be carried out for arriving at final optimized system.

Keywords: Engine, intake manifold, vanes, intake port model

[1]. Chen, A., Lee, K.C., Yianneskis, M., and Ganti, G., Velocity Charac- teristics of Steady Flow Through a Straight Generic Inlet Port, Interna- tional Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 21:571{590, 199
[2]. J. David Rathnaraj and Prof. T. Michael. N. Kumar, "Studies on variable swirl intake system for DI diesel engine using CFD", ISSN 0973-4562 volume 2, number 3 (2007)
[3]. F. Millo, C.V. Ferraro and M. Gianoglio Bernardi, "Experimental and Computational Analysis of Different EGR Systems for a common Rail Passenger Car diesel Engine", SAE, 2009-01-0672
[4]. John B Heywood, "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals" McGraw-Hill Internal Editions, 1998
[5]. B. Murali Krishna and Mallikarjuna J. M, "Characteristics of flow through the intake valve of a single cylinder engine using practical image velocimetry", Indian institute of technology madras

Abstract: Chain Link assembly is extensively used in the industry, the scope of this paper is to review the applications in the industry and explore the design considerations that go into the design of the assembly. The paper delves into various application aspects and manufacturing aspects to formulate an idea of the system. Finally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been used to conduct shape optimization. Since lot of work has already been done in other components, in this paper the focus has been narrowed down to specific component of outer link [1]. We have to use of composite material for chain out link to minimize the weight of link.

Keywords: Roller chain, link plate, FEM analysis, stress analysis, shape optimization

[1]. Tushar D. Bhoite,Prashant M.Pawar & Bhaskar.D.Gaikwad," Fea based study of effect of radial variation of outer link in a typical roller link chain assembly"in IJMIE,ISSN No 2231-6477,Vol-1,Issue-4,
[2]. 2012.
[3]. Çiçek Özes,Mine Demirsoy "Stress analysis of pin-loaded woven-glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate conveying chain components" ,published by Composite structures,Copyright©2004 Elsevier Ltd .
[4]. Kerremans1 et al "Wear of conveyor chains with polymer rollers" in Sustainable Construction and Design 2011, Copyright © 2011 by Laboratory Soete.
[5]. M. Koray KESİKÇİ*1, M. Cüneyt FETVACI2, C. Erdem İMRAK1,
[6]. "Stress distribution of the chain link by means of boundary element and finite element method" in Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences,Sigma 2004/4.
[7]. Hollingworth N.E. and Hills D.A., "Forces in Heavy-duty Drive Chain During Articulation," Proe Instn Mech Vol. 200 No C5,1985.

Abstract:Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products by new and advanced material products. Conservation of metals is an important issue these days. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Leaf springs are universally accepted suspension components that are being still used widely in automobiles. Weight reduction is also given due importance by automobile manufacturers. The automobile industry has shown keen interest in the use of composite leaf spring in the place of conventional leaf spring due to its high strength to weight ratio. The introduction of composite materials has made it possible to reduce the weight of the leaf spring without any reduction in load carrying capacity and stiffness. The objective of this paper is to present a general study on the Design and Analysis of composite (Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite- GFRC) leaf spring. Static analysis is performed out in FEA based software Ansys14.5 with design constrain as Stress, Deflection with varying thickness.

Keywords: Ansys 14.5, Mono composite leaf Spring, Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite (GFRC),

1]. experimental investigation &numerical analysis of composite leaf spring, K. K. JADHAO Associate Prof., Mechnical Engg. Dept. B.N.C.O.E., Pusad – 445215 Dist. Yavatmal (M.S.) India kkj74@rediffmail.com DR. R.S DALU Associate Prof., Mechnical Engg. Dept. Govt.College of Engineering Amravati (M.S.) India ,International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) pp-4759-4764
[2]. Modeling and Analysis of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Based Leaf Spring under the Static Load Condition by Using FEA Parkhe Ravindra, Mhaske Raman, Belkar Sanjay International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) ISSN: 2319–6378, Volume-2, Issue-4, February 2014 pp-39-42
[3]. Design and analysis of composite leaf spring for light vehicles Pankaj Saini¹, Ashish Goel², Dushyant Kumar³ ¹˒²˒³B. Tech 4th Year Student, Department of ME, Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2013pp-1-9
[4]. Performance Analysis of Two Mono Leaf Spring Used For Maruti 800 Vehicle Jadhav Mahesh V, Zoman Digambar B, Y R Kharde, R R Kharde International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-1, December 2012 pp-65-70
[5]. Analysis of Steel and Composite Leaf Spring for Vehicle Ghodake A. P.*, Patil K.N. Department of Mechanical Engineering, SND COE & RC Yeola, Nashik, India IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 5, Issue 4 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 68-76 www.iosrjournals.org

Abstract: The construction sector is one of the most important business fields in Jordan and this sector is suffering from many problems in Management and quality. Total quality management (TQM) process is considered as a modern system in the field of quality. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate TQM implementation as engineering practices in different construction projects phases. In order to achieve this objective, literature review has been carried out to identify the two main factors influencing the implementation of TQM factors in the construction process: (continuous improvement, customer satisfaction) . And by examining the four ISO 9001-2008 requirements to achieve important TQM factors in construction process. In this study, the data was collected by a questionnaire survey, the survey analyzed by statistical software SPSS.

[1]. Bani Ismail, Loiy (2012), An evaluation of the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) within the construction sector in the United Kingdom and Jordan, Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield
[2]. Haffar, Mohamed (2010),The Influence of Organizational Culture on Total QualityManagement Implementation in Syrian Public Manufacturing Organizations, BrunelUniversity.
[3]. Bhat, K.S. and J. Rajashekhar, 2009. " An empirical study of barriers to TQM implementation in Indianindustries", The TQM Magazine, 21(3): 261-272.
[4]. Das, A., V. Kumar and U. Kumar, 2011. "The role of leadership competencies for implementing TQM(Anempirical study in Thai manufacturing industry) ", International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management,28(2): 195-219.
[5]. Al-Tayeb ,Mustafa (2008), Critical Success Factors of TQM Implementation on Construction Projects in Gaza Strip. Master thesis, The Islamic University – Gaza.
[6]. Nukulchai, W. K. (2003), Towards Total Quality Management in Higher Education: The Experience of Asian Institute of Technology. Asian Institute of Technology.

Abstract: This work was carried out to assess the effect of high temperatures on compressive strength of concrete. Effect of fire on concrete is a relatively less explored area because of the lesser use of RCC structures in Europe/USA as compared to steel structures. Ninety concrete cubes of 150 mm size, divided equally over three different grades of design mix concrete viz. M: 30, M: 25 & M: 20 were cast. After 28 days' curing & 24 hours' air drying, the cubes were subjected to different temperatures in the range of 200°C to 800°C, for two different exposure times viz. 1 hour & 2 hours in an electric furnace. The heated cubes were cooled at room temperature for 24 hours & then subjected to cube compressive strength test. Results revealed fairly robust performance up to 500°C, with strength coming down only slightly. Up to this stage, the fire affected structural members remain serviceable although the factor of safety would come down. Affected structure/ structural members would require minor repairs & patchwork to recuperate. At or @ 650°C, the fall in concrete strength would be a cause for concern. Major retrofitting might be required. At or beyond 650°C, concrete stood completely decimated.

Keywords: RCC, Fire, Compressive Strength of concrete

[1]. Gabriel A. Khoury, Patrick J.E. Sullivan, Research at Imperial College on the effect of elevated temperatures on concrete, Fire Safety Journal, Volume 13, Issue 1, 7 April 1988, Pages 69-72
[2]. S. C. Chakrabari, K. N. Sharma, Abha Mittal, Residual strength in concrete after exposure to elevated temperature, The Indian Concrete Journal, December 1994, pp. 713-717
[3]. Long T. Phan and Nicholas J. Carino, Fire performance of high strength concrete: Research Needs, Proceedings of ASCE/SEI Structures Congress 2000, Philadelphia, USA
[4]. R. Sri Ravindrarajah, R. Lopez and H. Reslan, Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Properties of High-Strength Concrete containing Cement Supplementary Materials, 9th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 17-20th March, 2002, Paper 081, 8 pages

Abstract: The suitability of Umuahia sands as field compaction quality control is investigated in thi9s research work. Seven samples were collected from seven different sites in Umuahia Nigeria. Samples NT-2 and ET-6 were collected form river bed, on the other hand other samples were collected from sand deposits. Mechanical sieve analysis was carried out on each of the samples and their percentages passing and that Ottawa sand (the standard material) were plotted on the same graph sheet against the particle sizes. The nature of graphs obtained showed that none of the samples can be used as a replacement for Ottawa sand in field compaction quality control. Keywords: Umuahia sands, Ottawa sands, sieve analysis, Compaction, Quality control

1]. American society for testing and materials (2004). ASTM Standards, vol 04.08, west Conshokocken, PA.
[2]. Arinze E. E and Egbuna I. C "Suitability of Umuahia sands as backfill materials for vibroflotation compaction of cohesionless soil" Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 2014 vol. 19 bund.
[3]. Braja M. D (2005) "Fundamentals of geotechnical engineering" Thompson, Toronto, Canada.
[4]. B S 1377: part 2: of 1990 "sieve analysis"
[5]. BS EN 196-1, methods of tests for soils for civil engineering practice.
[6]. Lee, K. W and Singh A. (1971) "Relative Compaction" Journal of the soil mechanics and foundations division, ASCE, vol. 97, no SMT, 1049-1052.

Abstract: This research work compared the geotechnical properties cum suitability of Amaoba (A), Ubakala (B), IsialaNgwa (C), Ohiya (D) and Timber Market Umuahia (E) lateritic deposits in Abia State, South-Eastern Nigeria. They were predominantly A-4 soils according to AASHITO, classification. Their natural moisture content, plasticity index, maximum dry density (MDD), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Specific gravity and Califonia Bearing Ratio (CBR) lies between 6.71-15.21%, 8.4-17.9, 1640-1800 Kg/M3, 16.5-22.5%, 2.26-2.62 and 29-54% respectively. The results revealed that Amaoba laterite is the most suitable and that of Timber market is problematic and not suitable as a road construction material.

Keywords: Laterites, Geotechnical tests, Construction Material, Comparative Analysis

[1]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officals (1982). AASHTO materials, Part II, Washington, D. C.
[2]. American Society for Testing and Material (2004). ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08 West Conshohocken, P. A.
[3]. Balan E. (2007) "Inheritance Vs. Neoformation of Kaolinite during lateritic soil formation. A case study in middle Amazon. Clays and Clay minerals 55, 253-259.
[4]. Davis A. D., Bacon, W. G.; Osborne R. C. (2004). "The past and the future of Nickel laterites; PDAC International Convention.
[5]. FGN 1997 Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. General Specification (Road and Bridges) Vol. II
[6]. Grace, H. (1991) "Investigation of Kenya and Malawi using dug of laterite as bases for bituminous surfaced roads. Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Springer Netherland.

Abstract: The present study is based on parametric investigation in terms of thermal efficiency, exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction with the help mathematical modeling on different ORC models using different fluids. The Thermal efficiency of ORC model of Saturated, Trilateral is compared by using working fluids such as (HFO-1234yf,HFC-134a,HFC-245fa,Ethanol,Iso-pentane by varying expander inlet temperature (30-160⁰C),at fixed condensation temperature(30⁰C) assuming fixed expander isentropic efficiency ( =0.75) and fixed isentropic pump efficiency( =0.60). The Thermal efficiency as well as exergetic efficiency has been observed best for theHFO-1234yf and found nearly close with HFC-134a. HFO-1234yf has good potential for working fluid for ORC application for low to medium temperature. It has zero global warming potential (GWP), zero Ozone layer depletion (ODP) and very Low evaporation Temperature. This paper provides a basis to compare the thermal and exergetic efficiency for various working fluids and exergy destruction in various component such as Expander, Evaporator,Condenser,Pump for saturated and Trilateral cycle when used with R-1234yf as working substance.

Keywords: Organic Rankine cycle models, Energy analysis& Exergy analysis, Exergy destruction; R-1234yf, R-134a, R-245fa, Ethanol, Isopentane.

[1]. Serrano J.R., Dolz V., Novella R., Garcia A. , 2011. HD Diesel engine equipped with a bottoming Rankine cycle as a Waste heat Recovery System. Applied Thermal Kevinj. Engineering 36 (2011) , 279-287.
[2]. Wang X. D. Zhao L. Wang J.L, Zhang W. Z. , Zhao X .Z., W. Wu. 2009. Performance evaluation of low-temperature Solar Rankine cycle system utilizing R245fa. Solar Energy84 (2010), 353-364.
[3]. DiGenova Kevinj. Botros Barbara B, Brisson J.G., 2012. Method For customizing on organic Rankine cycle to a complex heat source for efficient energy conversion, demonstrated on Fischer Tropsh Pant. Applied Energy 102 (2013) 746-754.
[4]. Wang Dongxiang, Ling Xiang, Peng Hao. 2012. Performance Analysis of double organic Rankine cycle for discontinuous low temperature Waste heat Recovery. Applied Thermal Engineering 48 (2012) 63-71.
[5]. Larjola j., 1994. Electricity from industrial waste heat using high-speed organic Rankine cycle. International journal of Production Economics 41 (1995) 227-235.
[6]. Li jing, Pei Gang, Li YunhuLI, Ji jie.,2012. Evaluation of External heat loss from small-scale expander used in organic Rankine cycle. Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) 26942701.

Abstract: A novel simple harmonic speed hump is presented in this work. The dynamics of a quarter-car model are investigated to reach the conditions of ride comfort when using the novel simple harmonic hump. The study assumed passive car suspension elements of linear characteristics. It covers car crossing speed between 5 and 30 km/h, simple harmonic hump of length between 3 and 9 m and height between 60 and 120 mm. A ride comfort diagram is presented using MATLAB simulation using the quarter-car model allowing the design of the simple harmonic hump for any desired hump-crossing speed in the range 5 to 30 km/h .

Keywords: Car dynamics , quarter-car model , Passive suspension system , Novel simple harmonic humps , Ride comfort, Hump design diagram.

[1]. P. Weber and J. Braaksma, Towards a North American geometric standard for speed humps, ITE Journal, January, 30-34, 2000.
[2]. V. Krylov, Generalization of ground elastic waves by road vehicles, Journal of Computational Acoustics, 9(3), 919-933, 2001.
[3]. N. Ibrahim, M. Karim and W. Atif, Road humps as traffic calming devices, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 4, October, 1435-1441, 2003.
[4]. L. Johnson and A. Nedzesky, A comparative study of speed humps, speed slots and speed cushions, ITE Annual Meeting, 2004.
[5]. J. Hessling, Analysis and synthesis of speed limiting road humps, Second Meeting on Analysis of Dynamic Measurements, London 18/11, 2008.
[6]. J. Mao and G. Koorey, Investigating and modeling the effects of traffic calming devices, IPENZ Transportation Group Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand, March 2010.
[7]. S. Namee and B. Witchayangkoon, Crossroads vertical speed control devices: suggestion from observation, , International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 2(2), 161-171, 2011.

Abstract: Solar Energy Technology has an important role to play in the present Energy and Environment crises. Solar Concentrator Technology has good potential for various applications, including power generation and process heating applications. Scope of Research and Development is ample in this area, as very little work has been done on it. Most of it has been done in the US and Europe, in solar thermal power systems, such as solar concentrators coupled to a Stirling engine or to a single or double circuit Rakine Cycle system. Parabolic Solar Dish Concentrators (PDSCs) can be very useful in Industrial Process Heat applications, which use about 20% of total oil consumption in India. If only 25 to 30% of this can be saved by putting up Solar Concentrators, it will save import of 4.5 MT oil per year, which is about 6% of our oil imports. So, solar concentrator for process heat requirements of community, industrial and commercial establishments is an emerging and exciting opportunity in India, which is gaining attention from scientists, engineers and developers. The present paper presents a Performance Analysis Methodology developed for a PDSC system used for heating thermic fluid for process heating application.

Keywords: Solar Concentrators, Performance Analysis, Solar Process Heating Application, Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators.

[1]. Vanita Thakkar, Status of Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators, International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering Vol. 2 Issue 6, June-2013, pp – 42-50, Available online at: www.erpublications.com.
[2]. Kalogirou S A, Solar thermal collectors and applications. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 30(3), 2004, 231–95.
[3]. Ekins-Daukes N J, Solar Energy for Heat and Electricity: The Potential for Mitigating Climate Change, Briefing Paper No 1: 1-12, 2009.
[4]. F. Jiang and A. Wong, Study on the Performance of Different Types of PV Modules in Singapore, Proceedings of International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2005), Singapore.
[5]. Shuang-Ying Wu, Lan Xiao, Yiding Cao, You-Rong Li; A Parabolic Dish/AMTEC Solar Thermal Power System And Its Performance Evaluation, Applied Energy 87 (2010), 452–462.
[6]. Klaisz H, Kohne R, Nitsch J, Sprengel U, Solar thermal power plants for solar countries—technology, economics and market potential, Applied Energy 52(2–3), 1995; 165–83.

Abstract: The propeller for the aircraft is always an pull or pushed propeller. For the pull propeller it is always driven with the help of an engine being coupled with crank shaft and for the push propeller it has been always driven with the help of chain drive or by the pulley arrangement which means an propeller is connected to the wheels of the vehicle through a chain or belt drive. So, that when the wheels rotate it will rotate or spin the propeller in order to produce thrust for the forward movement. With reference to the paper " Analysis of Down-Wind propeller Vehicle" the selected Airfoil is NACA 6412 which does very well with the performance and a wind driven vehicle travels faster than the wind along its direction. The analysis i carried out in the Java Prop software to study the behaviour of NACA 6412 airfoil selected as push propeller to fly the bike in air to have the less induced drag and also with minimum drag for the same amount of lift and wing area. Even for the Wind Turbine it has been chosen best according to the paper" Design and Blade Optimisation of Contra rotation double Rotor Wind turbine" for its optimum results for the 3 blades with 600 mm diameter in the front and rear.

Keywords: NACA 6412, Propeller, Wind Turbine

[1]. Khan, Md Sadak Ali, Et Al. "Analysis Of Down-Wind Propeller Vehicle." International Journal Of Scientific And Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013
[2]. Sutikno, Priyono, And Deny Bayu Saepudin. "Design And Blade Optimization Of Contra Rotation Of Double Rotor Wind Turbine." International Journal Of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering Ijmme, Volume11 1 (2011).
[3]. Dhakad, Amit Singh, And Arun Singh. "Power Requirement For Flying Bike." International Journal Of Innovative Research And Development 3.5 (2014).
[4]. Amit Singh Dhakad, Pramod Singh. "Flying Bike Concept." International Research Journal Of Mechanical Engineering 1.1 (2014): 001-011.
[5]. Amit Singh Dhakad, Pramod Singh, Arun Singh. "Development Of Wing For Flying Bike." Elixir (2014): 28450-28458.
[6]. Amit Singh Dhakad, Pramod Ingh, Arun Singh. "Analysis Of An Naca 4311 Airfoil For Flying Bike." Global Juournal Of Research In Engineering 14.7 (2014): 1-23.
[7]. Amit Singh Dhakad, And Pramod Singh. "Flying Bike Concept." International Research Journal Of Mechanical Engineering, Vol 1, Pp. 001-011. March 2014