iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: The exhaust gas recirculation technique has proven a better solution to reduce NOx emission in diesel engines. EGR method is taken for the study to investigate the engine behavior on its performance and emissions. The paper the performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency(BTE),volumetric efficiency(ηvol), exhaust gas temperature(EGT), the exhaust gas emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, UBHC, O2, and smoke are presented and discussed. The discussion is presented and supported by experimental results. In the experimentation variation in EGR percentage for different air filters is selected for the study. The engine is run by adopting one type of filter at once at different loads for different percentages of EGR such as 5%, 10% and 15%.

Key words: Diesel engine, Air filters, Emissions, EGR.

[1] Nagarajan, G., Kumar, S., and Chowdhury, D., "CFD Analysis of Air Filters for an Off-Highway Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2007-26-048, 2007.
[2] Ptak, T. and Walker, M., "Testing Automotive Engine and Interior Air Filters," SAE Technical Paper 970677,1997.
[3] T. Jaroszczyk, J. Wake and M. J. Connor , "Factors Affecting the Performance of Engine Air Filters, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ,Volume 115, Issue 4,Research Paper, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 115(4), 693-699 (Oct 01, 1993).
[4] M.R.Chopade1, A.P Valavade 2, S. H. Barhatte3, "Performance Enhancement Of Air Filter By Design Optimization", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, IJAET, E-ISSN 0976-3945, Vol.III, Issue I, January-March 2012, pp: 68-70.
[5] Donepudi Jagadish, Dr.Puli Ravi Kumar, Dr.K.Madhu Murthy., "Performance Characteristics of a Diesel engine operated on Biodiesel with Exhaust gas Recirculation," International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, E-ISSN 0976-3945, IJAET/Vol.II/ Issue II/April-June, 2011/202-208.

Abstract: Rotating flexible beams are found in many practical applications. It can be seen in robot arms, turbine blades ,and aircraft rotary wings. Generally, severe transverse vibration occurring in such systems may cause the degradation in performance and accuracy, and even the failure of such elements.

[1]. Vibration Control of variable speed /acceleration rotating beams by using smart materials, Kexiang Wei, Guang Menga, Shuo Zhoua, Jinwu Liub.
[2]. C.Y. Lin, L.W. Chen, Dynamic stability of a rotating beam with a constrained damping layer, Journal of Sound and Vibration 267 (2003) 209–225. [3]. Vibration control of simply supported beams under moving loads using fluid viscous dampers. P. Museros, and M.D. Martinez-Rodrigo
[4]. A text book of Mechanical Vibrations by S.S Rao
[5]. Electric field dependant vibrations of a plate featuring an Electrorheological fluid, Smart Structures and Systems laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha university,S B Choi
[6]. Active Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam Using a Buckling-Type End Force, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control,Shahin Nudehi
[7]. An Experimental Study of Particle Damping for Beams and Plates, ASME Journal of Vibration and acoustics, Zhiwei Xu, Michael Yu Wang

Abstract: India is developing and progressing rapidly in the field of construction .With the increase in construction at a fast pace, usage of concrete is increasing .Cement is one of the main ingredients of concrete. The increase in environment pollution due to the release of CO 2 in the atmosphere by the production of cement has been alarming. To develop clean environment the use of cement should be limited and should be replaced by an eco friendly material, Geopolymer ,which results from the reaction of a source material that is rich in silica and alumina along with alkaline liquid.

Journal Papers:
[1]. Anuar K.A, Ridzuan A.R.M2.,Ismail Strength Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Institute of Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IIESMUniversiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
[2]. Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, Dody M. J. Sumajouw, and B.Vijaya Rangan "On theDevelopmentofFlyAsh-BasedGeopolymer Concrete" ACI Materials Journal
[3]. Anurag Mishra,Deepika Choudhary, Namrata Jain,Manish Kumar, Nidhi Sharda and Durga Dutt "Effect of concentration of alkaline liquid and curing time on strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete" ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ISSN 1819-6608MP.O.
[4]. Shuguang Hu, Hongxi Wong, Gauzhan Zhang, Qingjing Ding "Bonding and Abrasion of geopolymeric repair material waste with steel slag", Cement and Concrete Composites(2008) 239-244.
[5]. Satpute Manesh B., Wakchaure Madhukar R., Patankar Subhash V. "Effect of Duration and Temperature of Curing on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete" International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2012 ISSN: 2277-3754

Abstract: To machine any material the tribological parameters play an important role in the machining. The main important tribological parameters are speed, feed, and depth of cut. The hard material like EN-31 or AISI 52100 steels are having hardness in between the range of 41 HRC to 69 HRC on C scale of Rockwell hardness. To machine hard materials like this, the special purpose tools or the machines are required. Most of the times the grinding process perform to machine these kinds of materials. But the alternatives like ceramics, cBN, PcBN tools are also available to machine these materials instead of grinding. The different tools are giving different values of roughness after machining, but the roughness value can be optimized by using the different statistical techniques by comparing the different combinations of tribological parameters while performing the machining operations on the hard materials.

[1] Anoop, A. D., Sekhar, A. S., Kamaraj, M., & Gopinath, K. (2015). Numerical evaluation of subsurface stress field under elastohydrodynamic line contact for AISI 52100 bearing steel with retained austenite. Wear, 330, 636-642. [2] Attanasio, A., Umbrello, D., Cappellini, C., Rotella, G., & M'Saoubi, R. (2012). Tools wear effects on white and dark layer formation in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel. Wear, 286, 98-107. [3] Bagawade, A. D., Ramdasi, P. G., Pawade, R. S., & Bramhankar, P. K. (2012, August). Evaluation of cutting forces in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel by using Taguchi method. In International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (Vol. 1, No. 6 (August-2012)). ESRSA Publications. [4] Bapat, P. S., Dhikale, P. D., Shinde, S. M., Kulkarni, A. P., & Chinchanikar, S. S. (2015). A Numerical Model to Obtain Temperature Distribution during Hard Turning of AISI 52100 Steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4), 1907-1914.

Abstract: Water percolates through the solid waste and generates leachate. Leachate generated from municipal solid waste dumping sites affects the groundwater quality in the adjacent areas through percolation in the subsoil. The usual and the most neglected cause of water pollution are uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste. Leaching of this leachate and heavy metals into the soil leads to the contamination of both soil and groundwater. Infiltration of water by rainfall, water already present in the waste, or water generated by biodegradation, cause the leachate to leave the dumping ground laterally or vertically and find its way into the groundwater thereby causing contamination. Subsurface water samples collected during the rainy season of 2013, 2014 and 2015 from the study area/region and the samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical properties. During the study it was found that Total Dissolved Solids varies from 646 mg/L to 886 mg/L and compared with permissible limits. The concentration of calcium and magnesium in all water samples is very high. Therefore, the best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the groundwater resources.

Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Subsurface water, Leachate, Contamination, Physical and Chemical Properties.

[1]. APHA.(1998), "Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater", 19th edition American Public Health Association, Water Environment Federation Publication, Washington, DC. [2]. Mor, S., Ravindra K., Dahiya R.P., Chandra A. (2006), "Leachate characteristics and assessment of groundwater pollution near Municipal Solid Waste landfill site", Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 118, pp 435-456. [3]. Ikem A., Osibanjo O., Sridhar, MKC. and Sobande, A. (2002), "Evaluation of groundwater quality characteristics near two waste sites in Ibadan and Logas , Nigeria", Journal of Water, Air and Soil Pollution 140, pp 307-333. [4]. Dhere, A.M.et.al., (2008), "Municipal solid waste disposal in Pune city- An analysis of air and groundwater pollution". Current Science, 95(6), 774 -777. [5]. El-Fadel et.al., (1971), "Environmental impact of solid waste-land filling", Journal of Environmental and Management, 50, pp 1-25. [6]. Sabahi , Esmail Al et .al.,(2009), " Assessment of groundwater pollution at municipal solid waste of Ibb landfill in Yemen", Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 55, pp 21 – 26.

Abstract: The present paper investigates the mechanical behavior of buried PVC pipe below the ground surface. The pipe uses in sewage lines and it is on 7.4m below the ground surface. Also, the vertical and horizontal loads that come from burying under highways, railways, tall building, dams, and airports, they cause deformations for buried pipe. In this paper, it focuses on the effects of various soil and different loads on the buried PVC pipe. ABAQUS finite element software package, was used to modeling buried pipeline behavior underground surface-induced actions, using contact elements to describe the soil–pipe interaction and show the deformation on the pipe. Furthermore, an analytical methodology was presented by using different loads on the pipe (They cause vertical and horizontal pressure on the buried pipe), with different soil layers in the properties. The results from the present investigation are aimed at determining the fault displacement for buried pipe and can be used for pipeline design purposes. A simplified analytical model is also developed to illustrate the loads effects on buried pipe deformation.

Keywords : Buried PVC pipe, Deformations, Soil layers, Load effect, Mechanical behavior

[1] Bilgin, Ö., Density and unit weight of soil in place by sand – cone method, Annual book of ASTM standards, V.4.08, 1992, Philadelphia,PA.
[2] Yeh, Y. H., Landslide effects to buried pipelines. Proc. Of the sixth International Conference on Numerical Method in Geomechanics, Innsbruck, ed. Swobda, G., Vol.2, 1988, pp. 901-905.
[3] Radu Popescu and Arash Nobahar, C-CORE Report: R-02-029-076, 3D Finite Element Analysis of Pipe-Soil Interaction- Effects of Groundwater., Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, 2003.
[4] Hurley, S. and Phillips, R., Large scale modelling of pipeline/soil interaction under lateral loading. Contract Report for Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, C-CORE Publication,2003, 99-C25.
[5] Liang J, Sun S. Site effects on seismic behavior of pipelines: a review. ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 2000;122(4):469–75.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the study on the effect of soil and bedrock conditions below retaining walls on the wall behavior. The structural design of the retaining wall considers soils on the back and front of the wall. Soils below the wall and the bedrock conditions are not considered in the structural design of the wall. This paper study investigated how soils below the wall affect the wall behavior such as wall deformations, wall bending moments, and anchor force. The effects of soil strength, depth to bedrock, bedrock slope, wall height, and anchor angles on the wall behavior have been investigated. PLAXIS, finite element software package, was used to perform numerical modeling and analyses to evaluate the structural response and behavior of the retaining wall. The results show that the soil conditions below the wall, including the bedrock depth and the bedrock slope angle may have a significant effect on the wall behavior and should be considered during the design of retaining walls.

Keywords: Retaining wall, Bedrock conditions, Wall height, Anchor angles, Soil strength

[1] Briaud, Jean Louis, and Kim, Nak-Kyung 1998. "Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering." Associate Member, ASCE.
[2] Marr, W.A., and Christian, J.T. 1981 "Permanent displacements due to cyclic wave loading." Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 107 (GT8).
[3] Ömer Bilgin 2009. "Effect of subsurface soil conditions on floodwall behavior." IFCEE Conference, Florida.
[4] SEI/ASCE Technical Committee on Performance of Structures During Construction 2000. "Effective analysis of diaphragm walls." Structural Engineering Institute.
[5] Smoltczyk, Ulrich 2003. "Geotechnical engineering handbook." Ernst and Sohn A Wiley Company.

Abstract: The aim of the research article is to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of epoxy with different wt.% of bone powder filled E-glass/jute fiber reinforced composites. Taguchi's orthogonal array (L27) was used to investigate the influence of tribological parameters. The results indicated that when the filler content was increased up to 10 wt.% the specific wear rate was decreased but coefficient of friction increases. Form 10 wt.% to 15 wt.% of filler content specific wear rate was increased but coefficient of friction decreases. After the thorough analysis of control factors, optimal factor setting has been suggested for specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. Furthermore, the worn surfaces of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the wear mechanisms and to correlate them with the wear test results.

Keywords: hybrid composites, wear test, Taguchi's analysis, scanning electron microscopy.

[1] T. Sen, H. N. Jagannatha Reddy, "Efficacy of bio derived jute FRP composite based technique for shear strength retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams and its comparative analysis with carbon and glass FRP shear retrofitting schemes", Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 13, 2014, pp 105-124
[2] F. Asuke, M. Abdulwahab, V.S. Aigbodion, O. S. I. Fayomi and O. Aponbiede, "Effect of load on the wear behavior of polypropylene/carbonized bone ash particulate composite", Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, 2014, pp 67-70
[3] B. Suresha, Siddaramaiah, Kishore, S. Seetharamu and P. S. Kumaran, "Investigations on the influence of graphite filler on dry sliding wear and abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites", Wear Vol. 267, 2009, pp 1405-1414
[4] B. N. Ramesh and B. Suresha, "Optimization of tribological parameters in abrasive wear mode of carbon-epoxy hybrid composites", Materials and Design, Vol. 59, 2014, pp 38-49
[5] S. Basavarajappa, S. Ellangovan and K. V. Arun, "Studies on dry sliding wear behaviour of graphite filled glass–epoxy composites", Materials and Design, Vol. 30, 2009, pp 2670-2675

Abstract: The flow field around an automobile is very complex, characterized by a high degree of three dimensionality, flow separation, reattachment and vortex formation. Flow visualization as well as flow simulation are helpful tools during the aerodynamic design of vehicles. The research-undertaken deals with an experimental estimation of CD (drag coefficient) for Mercedes car, type SEL 300 (scale 1/20) using the strain gauge method ( FLA-6-11 type, 120Ω, 2.12 gauge factor, half-bridge connection), which was proved to be practical and reasonably accurate. Experiments were run within a subsonic aspiration wind tunnel, covering an air speed up to 33 m/s (i.e., Reynolds number 6.6 x 105). Results for drag coefficient were obtained in the range of 0.37 to 0.19. It was noted that the magnitude of CD decreased from 0.37 at 21.17 m/s to 0.19 at 33.00 m/s (i.e., decrease of drag coefficient by about 50%). Comparison of our results with those given by other authors is satisfactory.

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Abstract: The objective is to reduce the human effort by using the principle of mechanics which leads to optimization of the manual labour work. This paper discusses about the mechanism which help in reducing the efforts of construction labour.

Keywords: Ghamela (tasla), load transfer, manual labour, human effort.

[1]. Design of machine elements by v bhandari
Chapter 1.Engineering materials Chapter 2 Manufacturing considerations Chapter 3 Design against static loads Chapter 4 Design against fluctuating loads