iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical and experimental analysis for evaluation of an actual lithium-bromide/water direct-fired double effect absorption chiller in parallel flow configuration. The absorption chilleranalyzed in this work is used for air conditioning system and is allocated at El-Araby Company for Lighting Technology-Egypt. This unit is capable of providing a cooling capacity [500 R.T], [1750 kW]. A set of thermocouples used to allow the measurements of the working temperature through all operating chiller components. The measurements have been obtained at different times in July 2013 and in July 2014. A set of mathematical equations have been developed, allowing the estimation of the chiller coefficient of performance and heat transfer rates for each component.

[1]. Florides G.A., Kalogirou S.A.,TassouS.A.and WrobelL.C., 2002," Design and construction of a LiBr–water absorption machine",
Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.44, PP. 2483–2508.
[2]. XuG.P, DaiY.Q, TouK.W.A.andTsouC.P, 1996,"Theoritical Analysis and Optimization of Double- Effect Series –Flow- Type
Absorption Chiller", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.16, PP.975-987.
[3]. Alka S., S.K.S. and Yash P., 2015,"Performance Evaluation of Triple Effect Vapour Absorption Cooling System", International
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol.5, PP.53-59.
[4]. XuG.P.andDaiY.Q., 1997,"Theoritical Analysis and Optimization of Double –Effect Parallel-Flow-Type Absorption Chiller",
Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.17, PP.157-170.
[5]. ArunM.B., MaiyaM.B.andSrinivasaM.S., 2001,"Performance Comparison of Double Effect Parallel-Flow and Series Flow
Water-Lithium Bromide Absorption Systems", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.21, PP.1273-1279.

Abstract: Cooling towers form an important part of chilled water systems and perform the function of rejecting the heat to the atmosphere. Chilled water systems are observed to constitute a major portion of energy consumption in air conditioning systems of commercial buildings and of process cooling in manufacturing plants. It is frequently observed that these systems are not operated optimally, and cooling towers being an integral part of this system present a significant area to study and determine possible energy saving measures. More specifically, operation of cooling towers in economizer mode in winter (in areas where winter temperatures drop to 40°F and below) and variable frequency drives (VFDs) on cooling tower fans are measures that can provide considerable savings.

[1] Saidur, R., Abdelaziz, E., Hasanuzzaman, M.,2010, "A Study of Energy Efficiency, Economic and Environmental Benefits of a Cooling Tower," International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. [2] Benton, D. J., Bowman, C. F., Hydeman, M.,2002, "An Improved Cooling Tower Algorithm for the CoolToolsTM Simulation Model," ASHRAE Transactions. [3] Mulyandasari, V., 2011, "Cooling Tower Selection and Sizing (Engineering Design Guideline)," KLM Technology Group. [4] Stanford, H.W., 2012, "HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application, and Operation," CRC Press. [5] Hill, G.B., Pring, E., and Osborn, P.D., 1990, "Cooling Towers: Principles and Practice," Butterworth-Heinemann. [6] Merkel, F., 1925, "Verdunstungskühlung," Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Verlag. [7] Kloppers, J. C., and Kröger, D., 2005, "A Critical Investigation into the Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Counterflow Wet-Cooling Towers," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. [8] Baker, D. R., and Shryock, H. A., 1961, "A Comprehensive Approach to the Analysis of Cooling Tower Performance," Journal of Heat Transfer.

Abstract: With the rapid development in close range photogrammetry and low cost of this technique, it is important to improve the accuracy of the result of this technique. For that, the main aim of that paper is using the Particle Swarm Optimization. The mathematical model of Particle Swarm Optimization for the close range photogrammetry network is developed. The experimental tests have been carried out to develop a Particle Swarm algorithm to determine the optimum camera station and evaluate the accuracy of the developed.
Keywords: Close range photogrammetry network design, artificial intelligence and Particle Swarm Optimization.

[1] Grafarend, E., 1974. "Optimization of Geodetic Networks" Boll. Geod. Sci. Affini 33: 351-406.
[2] Andrew R. Marshall.,1989 " Network Design and Close Range Photogrammetry" Unisurv S-36 , 1989 Reports from school of
surveying.
[3] Hossam El-Din Fawzy, 2015. " Comparison Between The Genetic Algorithms Optimization And Particle Swarm Optimization For
Design The Close Range Photogrammetry Network" International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 6,
Issue 6, 2015, pp. 147-157, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
[4] Mohammad Khajehzadeh, Mohd Raihan Taha, Ahmed El-Shafie and Mahdiyeh Eslami, 2011. " A Survey on Meta-Heuristic Global
Optimization Algorithms" Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(6): 569-578, 2011, ISSN: 2040-
7467 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011
[5] Rardin, R. L. 1997. Optimization in operations research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the friction coefficient (slip coefficient) between steel plate and concrete block interfaces as affected by various parameters using glue and sand between the two elements of friction. In this study, thirty groups of specimen (steel plate -concrete blocks slip) were tested. The materials we used to create this composite model included concrete blocks, steel plate, welded end plates and 8.8 M16 high-strength bolts. The strength of concrete block used is C30 (30 MPa), the concrete block dimension (15*15*37.8 cm). The grades of steel plate Q345.

[1] R. A. Hechtman, J. R. Flint, and P. L. Koepsell, Fifth Progress Report on Slip of Structural Steel Double Lap Joints Assembled with High Tensile Steel Bolts, Department of Civil Engineering. University of Washington, Seattle, February 1955.
[2] R. A. Hechtman, D. R. Young, A. G. Chin, and E. R. Savikko, ―Slip Joints Under Static Loads,‖ Transactions ASCE, Vol. 120, 1955, pp. 1335—1352.
[3] [4] A. A. van Douwen, J. de Back, and L. P. Bouwman, Connections with High Strength Bolts, Report 6-59-9-VB-3, Stevin Labora-tory, Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, 1959.
[4] G. H. Sterling and J. W. Fisher, ―A440 Steel Joints Connected by A490 Bolts,‖ Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE. Vol. 92, ST3. June 1966.
[5] A. Kuperus, The Ratio Between the Slip Factor of Fe 52 and Fe 37, C.E.A.C.M. X-6-27, Stevin Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, 1966.

Abstract: FARS is a floating mobile unit which can be used as a base mooring in lagoons which occurred near shore as a results of glacial retreat.

[1]. Kejna, M. 1999. Air temperature on King George Island South Shetlands, Antarctica.
[2]. Pol.Polar.Res. 20,3: 183-201

Abstract: Application of CAD/CAM in product development cycle has transformed every sector of manufacturing process from black-art into a knowledge based intelligent technology. Proper Application of the CAD/CAM tools in manufacturing stages minimizes to a greater extent the production cost, lead time and deliver good quality products. In this paper, the CAD/CAM technology was briefly introduced and the CAD/CAM tools were applied in modelling an investment casting part, design and modelling of wax pattern injecting mold, and finally NC machining simulation for the wax pattern injection mold cavity.

Keywords: CAD/CAM, Investment Casting, Mold, NC Machining, Pro/E, UG-NX 8, Blank

[1] J. Kong, Y. Song. Analysis on the application of modern manufacturing-oriented CAD/CAM. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 50(3). 30th April 2013. [2] B. Ravi, Metal Casting - Back to Future. 52nd Indian Foundry Congress, Institute of Indian Foundry men, Hyderabad. Feb, 2004. [3] S.B. Ahmad, Application of PRO/Engineer in CAD/CAM http://www.ptss.edu.my. Retrieved: 20/8/2013 [4] T. Y. Ping, Advanced manufacturing technology. (China Press, P.R China. 2002) [5] Narayan, K. Lalit, Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. (New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. Learning Private Limited, 2013). [6] Chwastyk, P, Kolosowk M. CAD/CAPP/CAM Integration System in Design Process of Innovative Products: Proceedings of the 23rd International DAAAM Symposium, Vol. 23, No. 1: 2304-1382, 2012.

Abstract: Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the advanced methods of machining. Most publications on the EDM process are directed towards non-rotational tools. But rotation of the tool provides a good flushing effect in the machining zone. Optimization of process parameters in rotary EDM to arrive at the best manufacturing conditions, is an essential need for industries towards manufacturing of quality products at lower cost. This paper aims to investigate the optimal set of process parameters such as work piece polarity, current, pulse ON and OFF time and tool rotational speed in rotary EDM process to identify the variations in three performance characteristics such as material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness value during machining of P20 die steel using copper electrode. Based on the experiments conducted using L18 orthogonal array, analysis has been carried out with Grey relational analysis. Response tables and graphs were used to find the optimal levels of parameters in rotary EDM process. Confirmation experiments were carried out to validate the optimal results.

[1]. Chow H M, Yan B H, Huang F Y: "Micro Slit Machining Using Electro-Discharge Machining with A Modified Rotary Disk Electrode (RDE)", Journal Of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.91, 1999, pp.161-166.
[2]. Aliakbari E, Baseri H: "Optimization of Machining Parameters in Rotary EDM Process by Using the Taguchi Method", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.62, 2012, pp.1041-1053.
[3]. Bulent Ekmekci, Atakan Sayar: "Debris and Consequences in Micro Electric Discharge Machining Of Micro Holes", International Journal Of Machine Tools And Manufacture, Vol.65, 2013, pp.58-67.
[4]. Norlina Mohd Abbas, Darius G Solomon, Md. Fuad Bahari: "A Review on Current Research Trends In Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)", International Journal of Machine Tool And Manufacture, Vol.47, 2007, pp.1214-1228.
[5]. Soni J S, Chakraverti G: "Machining Characteristics of Titanium with Rotary Electro Discharge Machining", Defence Science journal, Vol.171, (1/2), 1994, pp.51-58.
[6]. Soni J S, Chakraverti G: Performance Evaluation of Rotary EDM by Experimental Design Technique, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 47, No.1, 1997, pp.65-73.

Abstract: Pond aeration systems were developed to sustain large quantities of fish and biomass materials. In this study the importance and functions of aeration were examined and prototype paddle wheel aerator was developed. The main features of the paddle wheel aerator wereelectric motor used as prime mover which was of one horse power capacity, Paddle hubs with six paddles all mounted on a shaft made of stainless steel and brass materials. Aeration experiment was conducted in water basin made up of plastic. Paddle-wheel aerator performance evaluation was conducted using unsteady state test.Physico-chemicalproperties of water sampled from the tested ponds were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards (APHA, 2005).

[1]. Ahmand, T. and Boyd, C.E.1988. Design and performance of paddle wheel aerators. Aquacultural Engineering, 7, 39 – 62.
[2]. American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th and 17th Eds. Washington, DC; American Water Works Association, Water Control Federation.
[3]. Boyd, C. E. 2001. Water quality standards: Dissolved Oxygen. Global Aquaculture Advocate vol. 4,No 6, pp70-72.
[4]. Boyd C. E. 2003. Guidelines for Aquaculture Effluent Management at the Farm level. Aquaculture,vol.226:pp.101-112.
[5]. Boyd,C.E., and Ahmad,T.,1997.Evaluation of Aerators for Channel Catfish Farming, bulletin 584, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Alabama, pp52

Abstract: The engineering properties of expansive soil containing montmorillonite clay mineral are highly sensitive to moisture variations. The cyclic wetting and drying process in the expansive subgrade soil leads to the failure of pavements constructed on them. In order to improve the properties of subgrade soils and the pavement system performance, stabilization of subgrade soil is only the alternative. In the process of stabilization, usage of chemicals has gained prominence due to their easy applicability and adaptability. In
general, lime is a conventionally used chemical for the last two decades and investigations reveals that chloride compounds could also be used instead of lime, because of their active contribution towards the cation exchange with soil and also their solubility in water causes easy application to soil grains. In the present study the performance of different chloride compound chemicals like Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) and Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) on the swelling and strength properties expansive soil were studied. Evaluation is based on the laboratory test results on the soil collected from coastal area of Andhra Pradesh, India..

[1]. Snethen, D.R, An Evaluation of Methodology for Prediction and Minimization of Detrimental Volume Change of Expansive Soils
in Highway Subgrades, Research Report prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Washington, Volume 1, 1979.
[2]. Ramana Sastry.M.V.B. and Satya Kumari.T, Strength Characteristics of a Plain and Fiber Reinforced Lime Treated Expansive
Soils, IRC Highway Research Bulletin No. 49, 1993.
[3]. Chandrasekhar.B.P, Prasada Raju.G.V.R, Ramana Murty.V and Hari Krishna.P, Relative Performance of Lime and Calcium
Chloride on Properties of Expansive Soil for Pavement Subgrades, Proceedings of IGC-99, Calcutta, 1999, 279-282.
[4]. Kuula Vaisanen.P, Jarvinen.H.L. and Neiminen.P, Calcium Chloride in Road Construction, 6th International conference on Low
Volume Roads, TRB, Minnesota, 1995, 225-233.
[5]. Katti.R.K, Kulkarni.K.R and Radhakrishnan.N, Research on Black cotton Soils without and with Inorganic Additives, IRC, Road
Research Bulletin. No.10, 1996, 1-97.
[6]. Matsuo.S and Kamon.M, Soil Stabilization by Multivalent Cations, Proceedings of 10th ICSMFE, Stockholm, vol. 3, 1981, 735-
738.

Abstract: Safety in swimming pool is more than a set of regulations or concern, it's a serious matter. Pool professionals (with new technics or advanced system) can help owners to prevent accidents.
As pool are a fantastic way to stay fit and spend time outdoors; and making pool safety as priority will let you enjoy your pool fully by giving you peace mind.
Pool operators are legally responsible for health and safety of pool users and employees. In order to manage and control risks, and comply with the law, you must carry out an assessment of risks to pool users and employees working at the pool, which must be written where there are 5 or more employees. You must take action to eliminate or control risks so far as is reasonably practicable.

[1]. www.swimmingpool.com
[2]. https://www.healthychildren.org
[3]. www.redcross.org
Special Thanks To
[1]. Mr Abhijit Patil sir ( H.O.D, Y B PATTIL POLYTECHNIC,1ST SHIFT,AKURDI,PUNE,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA)
[2]. Mr Vikash N Tripathi (Accountant and Manager , QUIMZTECH SOLUTIONS, INDIA)
[3]. Mr Niraj Rajesh Prasad( Civil Engineer, Pune, INDIA)
[4]. Mr Amit Dhanawade (Electrical Engineer, Pune, INDIA)
[5]. Mr Ronak B Patel (Civil Engineer , Daman, INDIA)

Abstract: Catfish production is one of the largest segments of fish culture in Lagos State, Nigeria. However, catfish effluents, which usually deteriorate the environment, need to be controlled. The effect of paddle-wheel aerator in catfish effluent was evaluated. The volume of catfish effluent was collected into two basins and diluted at given ratios. The paddle-wheel aerator was installed in one basin, while another basin served as control in determining the impact of paddle wheel aerator on catfish effluents. Water qualities such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS),.

[1]. Adekoya,B.B;T.O.Ayansanwo,A.A.Idowu,O.A.Kudoro andA.A. Salisu 2006). Inventory of Fish Hatcheries in Ogun State .Ogun State Agricultural development programme, Abeokuta.
[2]. American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. Standard Methods for the water and wastewater, American Water Works Association, Water Control Federation. Examination of
[3]. Boyd,C.E,(1990) Water quality in ponds for agriculture.in Singh and Wheaton(CIGAR).Auburn University,Albama,Agricultural Experimental Station,Auburn.
[4]. Boyd C. E. 2001a. Aquaculture and water pollution. Pg.153-157.In:D.F.Hayes and. M.Mckee (editors).Decision support systems for water resources management. American Association, Middleburg Virginia, USA.
[5]. Boyd, C E 2001b. Water quality standards: total ammonia nitrogen. Global Aquaculture, Advocate 4(4):84-85.
[6]. Boyd, C. E., J. Queiroz, J. Lee, M. Rowan, G. N. Whitis, and A Gross. 2000. Environmental assessment of channel catfish farming in Alabama Journal of tile World Aquaculture Society (3);5: 1-544.

Abstract: Generally, exploration of the mechanics of wire drawing has been confined to cold working, for which the effects of strain rate and temperature on the flow stress can be neglected. The work in this paper described intensively elevated temperature wire drawing process usingazadirachtaindica and J.curcas seed oil as lubricants, both lubricants were found suitable and dies at temperatures varying from room to 8500C. The dies used were made from Hot-pressed Silicon nitride, Tungsten Carbide, High- Speed Steel. The experimental drawing process was carried out with mild steel and medium carbon steel rod of 8 and 10mm diameter respectively at temperatures varying fromambiant to 8500C..

[1]. Avitzur, B. and Talbert, J.H. (1997). Upper-bound solution and Balance-of-powerApproach. Plasticity and Modern metal-forming Technology (ed T.Z. Btazynski).ElsevierApplied Science. London.
[2]. Byon, S.M., Lee, S.J., Lee, D.W., Lee, Y.H. and Lee, Y. (2011). Effect of coating materialand lubricant on forming force and surface Transactions of Nonferrous Metals SocietyofChina (EnglishEdition), 21 (1), pp 104-110.
[3]. Cenm S. Cetinarslan (2012). A study on influence of some process parameters on colddrawing of ferrous wires. Indian journal of Engineering and materials sciences.Vol.19. PP221-228
[4]. Hassan S.B., Agboola J.B., Aigbodionv.s. and Willims E.J. (2011): HardeningCharacteristics of plain Carbon Steel and DuctileCast Iron Using Neem Oil as

Abstract:The present work investigates the engine performance parameters and emissions characteristics for in-line four cylinders four stroke direct injection diesel engine using biodiesel blends without any engine modifications. A two fuel blends samples and efficient diesel are used, neat diesel (100% diesel fuel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel), and B50 (50% biodiesel and 50% diesel fuel) respectively. Engine performance test carried out at full load, with variable speeds ranging from 1000 to 2600 rpm at an interval of 200 rpm. The engine emission was measured in all tests. The study results indicated that there has been a decrease in the brake thermal efficiency by (3.5768%) for the B20 and (7.671%) for the B50.

1] M. T. Chaichan, The impact of equivalence ratio on performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6 (6), 2015, 938-941.
[2] Vaneet, Comparative analysis of the performance and emissions characteristics of a C.I. engine fuelled with three different blends of biodiesel derived from waste mustard oil, M. Sc. Thesis, Thapar University, Punjab, India, 2012.

Abstract:Most of the civil engineering structures involve some type of structural element with direct contact with ground. When the external forces, such as earthquakes, act on these systems, neither the structural displacements nor the ground displacements, are independent of each other. The process in which the response of the soil influences the motion of the structure and the motion of the structure influences the response of the soil is termed as soil-structure interaction (SSI). In this paper, the interaction between the super-structure and sub-structure is investigated by modelling the soil as simple as possible to capture the overall response of the system. As new analytical hysteresis rules and more advanced tools of analysis have been developed in recent years, first the nonlinear response of a single-degree-of freedom system which can be representative of a broad range of newly designed structures, is investigated while allowing for flexibility of the soil-foundation system and SSI effects. This non-linear frame model is high rise residential building of G+42 storeys located at MUMBAI and time history of ELCENTRO is used to study the response of the model in ETABS.

[1]. A handbook on "Seismic Soil-Structure Interact ion- Detrimental or Beneficial?" By George Mylonakis and George Gazetas,
Department of Civil Engineering, City University of New York,NY,USA.
Effect Of Soil-Structure Interaction On High Rise RC Building
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13148591 www.iosrjournals.org 91 | Page
[2]. A Dissertation on "Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Seismic Response of Existing R.C. Frame Buildings" By M.Jawad Arefi,IUSS.
[3]. A handbook on "Soil-Structure Interaction for building Structures" By NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture, NIST ,US Department of Commerce, NIST GCR 12-917-21
[4]. A report on "Seismic Input and Soil-Structure Interaction" By TBI commitee members Y.Bozorgnia, C.B.Crouse and J.P.Stewart, PEER 2010/05
[5]. A Research Paper on "Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Experiments And Analyses" By Ross W. Boulanger, Christina J.Curras, Daniel W.Wilson, ASCE.

Abstract:The unsteady free convection and mass transfer flow past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity has been investigated in this work. The plate temperature is raised linearly with time and the concentration level near the plate is raised to C  .The governing boundary layer equations of momentum, temperature and concentration are the second order couple linear partial differential equation. Mathematical formulation of boundary layer equations have been nondimensionalized by using dimensionless variables. These non-dimensional boundary layer equations are nonlinear and partial differential equations and are solved by finite difference method. For the different physical parameters the results of velocity, temperature and concentrations are displayed in the form of level curves. Skin friction and Nusselt number are also described in graphically.
Keywords: Porous medium, Variable viscosity, Variable thermal conductivity, vertical plate, free convection

[1] Raptis, A. Perdikis, C. (1999) Radiation and free convection flow past a moving plate. Int. J. of App. Mech. and Engg. 4: 817-821.
[2] Muthucumaraswamy, R. Janakiraman (2006) MHD and Radiation effects on moving isothermal vertical plate with variable mass
diffusion. Theoret. Appl. Mech. 33(1): 17-29.
[3] Suneetha, S. Bhaskar, N. Reddy (2011) Radiation and Darcy Effects on Unsteady MHD Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of a
Chemically Reacting Fluid Past an Impulsively Started Vertical Plate with Heat Generation. Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 7(7): 1-
19.
[4] Mukhopadhyay, S. (2009) Effects of Radiation and Variable Fluid Viscosity on Flow and Heat Transfer along a Symmetric Wedge.
Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. 2 (2): 29-34.
[5] Animasaun, I. L. and Oyem, A.O., (2014), Effects of variable viscosity, Dufour, Soret, and thermal conductivity on free convective
heat and mass transfer of non- Darcian flow past porous flat surface, American J. of Computational mathematics, 4, p357-365.
[6] Rajput, U. S. Surendra Kumar (2011) MHD Flow Past an Impulsively Started Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature and Mass
Diffusion. Applied Mathematical Sciences. 5 (3): 149 – 157.

Abstract:The potential of an engine exhaust driven LiBr-water based absorption system for air-conditioning is analyzed in this paper. The effects of generator, condenser, evaporator, and absorber temperatures on the energy and exergy performance of the absorption system were observed. The results indicate that the coefficient of performance increases with increase in evaporator temperature, but decreases with increase in condenser and absorber temperature. The exergy analysis of the system indicates that air cooled condenser and absorber shows higher exergy losses than the generator and evaporator. A small scale LiBr-water based absorption system can be feasible to operate using exhaust heat energy from a diesel engine.

Keywords- Absorption Refrigeration, Diesel Engine, Energy, Exergy Efficiency, Exergy losses

[1] S Aphornratana. , I.W Eames, Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration cycles using the second law of thermodynamics method, International Journal of Refrigeration, 18, 244-252, 1995. [2] M.I. Karamangil, S. Coskun, O. Kayankli, , N. Yamankaradeniz, 2010. A simulation study of performance evaluation of single-stage absorption refrigeration system using conventional working fluids and alternatives. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 14, 1969-78. [3] L. Trygg, , S. Amiri, , 2007. European perspective on absorption cooling in a combined heat and power system- a case study of energy utility and industries in Sweden. Applied Energy. 84, 1319-37. [4] H.Z Hassan, A.A Mohamad, 2012. A review on solar cold production through absorption technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16, 5331–5348. [5] F. Boudenenn, H.. Demasles, J. Wyttenbach, X. Jobard, D. Cheze, P. Papillon, 2012. Development of a 5 kW cooling capacity ammonia-water absorption chiller for solar cooling applications. Energy Procedia. 30, 35-43. [6] J.M. Abdulateef, K. Sopi, M.A. Alghoul, 2008. Optimum design for solar absorption refrigeration systems and comparison of the performances using ammonia-water, ammonia-lithium nitrate and ammonium- sodium thiocyanate solutions. International Journal Mechanical Master Engineering. 3, 17-24.

Abstract:Turning process is one of the method to remove material mainly from cylindrical work materials. The process of turning is influenced by many factors such as the cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, nose radius, hardness of tool, cutting conditions etc. The finished product with desired quality targets such as surface roughness and cutting forces developed which are Responses of these input parameters. Properties such as wear resistance, fatigue strength, coefficient of friction, lubrication, wear rate and corrosion resistance of the machined parts are greatly influenced by surface roughness. In many manufacturing processes engineering judgment is still relied upon to optimize the response.

[1] R.K.Suresh., P.Venkataramaiah., G. Krishnaiah Multi Response Optimization In Turning Of Aisi 8620 Alloy Steel With Cvd Tool Using Dfa And Gra- A Comparitive Study. Journal Of Production Technology Vol No : 17 No: 2 10 November 2014.
[2] R.K.Sureshȧ*, P.Venkataramaiah Ḃ And G.Krishnaiah C Experimental Investigation For Finding Optimum Surface Roughness, Vmrr And Interface Temperature During Turning Of Aisi 8620 Alloy Steel Using Cnmg Insert. International Journal Of Current Engineering And Technology Vol.4, No.4 (Aug 2014.)
[3] R.K. Suresh, Multi Objective Optimization During Turning Of Aisi 8620 Alloy Steel Using Desirability Function Analysis. International Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology issue no 2277-9655. October 2014.
[4] Jitendra Verma1, Pankaj Agrawal2, Lokesh Bajpai3. Turning Parameter Optimization For Surface Roughness Of Astm A242 Type-1 Alloys Steel By Taguchi Method. International Journal Of Advances In Engineering & Technology March 2012.
[5] H.M.Somashekara* , Dr. N. Lakshmana Swamy Optimizing Surface Roughness In Turning Operation Using Taguchi Technique And Anova. International. Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology (Ijest) Vol. 4 No.05 May 2012.
[6] T. Sreenivasa Murthy, R.K.Suresh, G. Krishnaiah, V. Diwakar Reddy Optimization Of Process Parameters In Dry Turning Operation Of En 41b Alloy Steels With Cermet Tool Based On The Taguchi Method. International Journal Of Engineering Research And Applications Vol. 3, Issue 2, March - April 2013.

Abstract:The change observed in the Industrial environment is a consistent process. The changes observed in the product in comparison to earlier design is so faster and difficult to predict its presence. The rate of change of any product has become so faster due to customer's demand. The manufacturing enterprises are constantly practicing to innovate and improve the design of product and process operations for sustainability and cost effectiveness. This product sustainability and cost effectiveness aspects can be achieved by investigating the specific product by value engineering for enhance the productivity. This will help to maintain their margin and competitive advantage of the product.

[1] Bhosale Abhijeet T. ,S.Dhekane "Finite Element Analysis of based Optimization Butterfly valve disc" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 10, (2013),496-499
[2] B.Rajkumar "Globe Valve Design Optimization & Trends" L&T Integrated Engineering Services (P728)2014.1-11
[3] Chougule Mahadeo Annappa, Kallurkar Shrikant Panditrao "Application of Value Engineering for Cost Reduction – A Case Study of Universal Testing Machine" International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 618 Vol. 4, Issue 1 July 2012. . 618-629
[4] ChernMing-Jyh,Chin-ChengWang,Chen-Hsuan A"Performance test and flow visualization of ball" valve Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 31 (2007) 505–512
[5] Gurav Shridhar S., Dr. S. A. Patil ,"Weight Optimisation Of 12"-600 Gate Valve By Using Finite Element Analysis And Experimental Stress Analysis"-A Review. International journal of engineering and Science Vol.4, Issue 9 (Sept 2014), 31-32
[6] K. H Jatkar, Sunil S. Dhanwe "Finite Element Analysis of Gate Valve" International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 10, April (2013) 277.