iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: In high rise building shear wall is used to resisting the lateral loads that may be induced by the effect ofwind and earthquakes. In high rise building increases sizes of structural element. As a result consumption of conventional construction materials like concrete and steel goes on increasing day by day in the structures. On the other hand time delay is the key factor that will affect overall growth of such projects. Hence in order to overcome these constraints economical construction methodology and optimization techniques should be used. Finite Element Modeling now a days is an essential approach in analyzing and simulating civil engineering problem numerically. In this paper at attempt is made to apply the finite element modelling in analyzing and exploring the behavior of shear wall with opening under seismic load action on member forces. Hence the aim of present study is to compare seismic performance of 15-Storey with openings in shear wall situated in earthquake zone V.

[1]. C., Y., Lin and C., L., Kuo, (1988) "Behavior of Shear Wall with Opening", 9th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering, Volume (IV), 535-540.th
[2]. F., V.,Yanez, R., Park and T., Pauly ,(1992), "Seismic Behavior of Walls with Irregular Opening", 10 WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering, 3303-3308.
[3]. Hui Wu and Bing Li, (2003) "Parametric Study of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Irregular Opening", Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1-9.
[4]. Emilio Martin Ventura Diaz, (2007) "Effect of the Opening in the Strength and Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls", Building Research Institute, 1-6.
[5]. M., S., R., Labafzadeh and M., Ziyaeifare, (2008) "Seismic Behavior of RC Ductility Mode Shear Walls", Th14 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
[6]. Masato Sakurai, Hiroshi Kuramoto, Tomoy Matsui and Tomofusa Akita, (2008) "Seismic Performance of RC Shear Walls with Multi-Opening", 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.

Abstract: In this research, the issues of grounding problems in transmission towers during lightening and economic concerns of communication and transmission are addressed by using of waste coke powder rich with carbon in concrete foundation of towers.In case of transmission towers the compressive strength of underground concrete foundation is of less concern but should be more conductive for providing a continuous flow path for high voltage electric current up to deeper depths safely. The coke was oven dried ground finer and sieved through 150 micron IS sieve.The finely powdered coke were added as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%,10% and 12 % by weight of cement for M-30 mix. The concrete were tested for workability in the fresh state and concrete specimens for compressive strength, durability density and conductivity at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissible dosage of using coke powder as partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight for coke particle size finer than 150 microns. This form of concrete can be called as "Cokecrete". Keywords: Coke powder, Sustainability, Grounding, Conductivity, Concrete foundation.

[1] D.D.L. Chung, "Data Sheet - Controlled Resistivity Alumina for Static Charge Dissipation", WESGO Ceramics, Composite Materials, Vol. 22, No. 2 pp. 185-196, 2001, Belmont, CA, USA. [2] X. Zhang, X.Z. Ding, C.K. Ong, B.T.G. Tan, J. Yang, "Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement and Slag Cement in the Early Hydration Period", Journal of Materials Sci., Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 1345-1352, 1996. [3] Nagarajan, C., Madheswaran, M., "Experimental study and steady state stability analysis of CLL-T series parallel resonant converter with fuzzy controller using state space analysis", Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ISSN : 1735-2827, 8(3) (2012) pp.259-267. [4] N.M. Tabatabaei, S.R. Mortezaeei, "Design of Grounding Systems in Substations by ETAP Intelligent Software", International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Issue 2, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 45-49, March 2010. [5] A.J. Ewins, "Resistivity Measurements in Concrete", British Journal of NDT, Vol. 32, No. 3, p. 120, 1990.

Abstract: Steel reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to corrosion in severe environments. Corrosion limits the service life of structures, and results in expensive maintenance costs. GFRP composite bars are excellent alternative to steel bars for reinforcing concrete structures in severe environments. However, there is limited experience with the design and construction of GFRP reinforced concrete structures. This report investigates some parameters used in design of GFRP reinforced concrete members following the Eurocode 2 recommendations. A ratio of Agfrp bar reinforcement equal to 2% is recommended to a stabilization of the constraint in the bar. The compressed part of the concrete must be limited and does not exceed 40% useful height of the beam.

Keywords: GFRP Bar reinforcement, failure, Flexural design, Sustained loading

[1] Design Guidelines for GFRP Reinforced Concrete (1997) published by the ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction (Aug 1997 Vol.1 No 3 ISSN 1090-0268 Coden: JCCOF2).
[2] ACI Committee 4401R-06, "Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills. Branson, , McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977, 546pp
[3] ACI Committee 435, "State-of-the-Art Report, Deflection of Two Way Reinforced
[4] Concrete Floor Systems," ACI SP 43-3, Deflections of Concrete Structures, 1974, pp. 55- 8182/23. Berkeley: EERC. University of California, CA., USA
[5] Sonobe, Y et al, Design Guidelines for GFRP Reinforced Concrete building Structures (1997) Journal of Composite for construction , V 1 No 3 Aug pp. 90-113
[6] Theriault et al. (1198), Effect of FRP reinforcement ratio and concrete strength on flexural behaviour on flexural of concrete beams. Journal of Composite for construction , V 2 No 1 Feb. pp. 7-15
[7] Nanni.A (1993) Flexural behaviour and design of RC members using FRP reinforcement Journal of structural engineering V.119 No 11 Nov 1993 pp. 3344-339

Abstract:Vacuum cleaners are most commonly used housekeeping and industrial equipment and it is also most powerful source of noise. A reduction of this noise has many advantages, especially in commercial applications. In this work a wet and dry type vacuum cleaner (WD1450) is investigated for exhaust noise. Exhaust air of vacuum cleaner coming with high velocity is one of the main sources of noise in vacuum cleaner. To reduce exhaust noise of vacuum cleaner absorptive muffler is used. Aerodynamic performance of exhaust muffler is investigated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) method in terms of back pressure. With the help of CFD, simulation of pressure distribution in the muffler is done. Back pressure is an important parameter for muffler performance and it is predicated by CFD technique. Experimentation is done to determine the effect of muffler on the performance of a vacuum cleaner and amount of noise reduced. Efficiency and exhaust noise of the vacuum cleaner is reduced by 11.23% and 1.1 dB respectively by using absorptive muffler. Keywords: Absorptive muffler, Backpressure, CFD analysis, Vacuum cleaner noise, Wet and dry vacuum cleaner.

[1] Mirko Cudina, Jurij Prezelj, Noise generation by vacuum cleaner suction units part I noise generating mechanism-an overview, International Journal of Applied acoustics, 68, 2007, 491-502.
[2] E. Altinsoy, H. Erol, An experimental study on vibro-acoustics characteristics of a wet and dry type vacuum cleaner, Seventh international congress on sound and vibration, Germany, 2000, 667-674.
[3] Roshun Paurobally, Active control of noise from a vacuum cleaner, The thirteenth international congress on sound and vibration , Vienna, Austria, 2006.
[4] S. Shah, Saisankaranarayana K, K. Hatti, D. Thombare, A practical approach towards muffler design, development and prototype validation, SAE International Journal of commercial vehicle, 2010.

Abstract:Pressure vessels are leak proof containers, as the name implies, their main purpose is to contain a given medium under pressure and temperature. Pressure vessels are commonly used in industry to carry both liquid and gases under required pressure and temperature limit. This pressure and temperature comes from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source or any combination of them. This project deals with design and analysis of Acetic acid pressure vessel for pharm industry. This project investigates, failure of half pipe jacket (limpet coil) on basis of thermal analysis, the work is carried out by the designing of pressure vessel as per the ASME section VIII, division 1 for given design conditions for various parameters. Validation is done on PV-ELLITE software for the same..

[1]. Moss,Dennis,(2003)"Pressure Vessel Design Manual: Illustrated Procedures For Solving Major Pressure Dennis r. Moss.-3rd ed". British library cataloguing-in-publication data.
[2]. Di Carluccio,.(2008), "Analysis Of Pressurized Horizontal Vessels Under Seismic Excitation", the 14th world conference on earthquake engineering october , Beijing, China.
[3]. The American Society Of Mechanical Engineers, (2013) "Asme Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code" Section Viii Divisions 2, alternative rules for construction of pressure vessels, part-5, design by analysis requirements.
[4]. B.S.Thakkar,& S.A.Thakkar, (2012)," Design Of Pressure Vessel Using Asme Code, Section Viii, Division 1" Ijaers/vol. i/ issue ii/January-march, 2012/228-234c.
[5]. Nitinchandra.R.Patel,(2013) " Design And Analysis Of Pressure Vessel Amalgamating With Selection Of Material Used In Marine Application", International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology vol. 2, issue 6, June.
[6]. K.S.J.Prakash, T.Mastanaiah , (2014)" Industrial Spherical Pressure Vessel Design & Analysis Using FEA", Vol, 04 , Issue, 10 ,October.

Abstract:The ideal engine mount should isolate engine vibration caused by unbalanced force in the engine speed range and prevent the engine bounce from shock excitation. For Agricultural applications like power weeder, grass trimmer Hand Arm Vibrations (HAV) are experienced by the operator continuously. It is also observed that some agricultural equipment has no any vibration isolation device to damp these excessive vibrations. Conventional mounts such as rubber mounts fail to provide better performance during damping vibrations due to some limitations. These troubles are overcome by hydraulic engine mount. In this work, a new configuration of hydraulic engine mount is designed for vibration isolation. Solenoid actuator makes this passive mount to the active engine mount..

[1] T. Ramchandran, K. P. Padmanaban, Review on internal combustion engine vibrations and mountings, International Journal of Engineering Sciences& Emerging Technologies, 2 (1), 2012, 63-73.
[2] Ali Masih Hosseini, A solenoid based active hydraulic engine mount: Modelling, analysis and verification, Simon Frazer University, Canada, 2010.
[3] A. S. Sathawane, A. V. Patil, Analytical study to suit the damping requirements of engine, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology, 3 (3), 2014, 7-11.
[4] Yunhe Yu, Nagi G. Naganathan, Rao V. Dukkipati, A Literature Review of Automobile Vehicle Engine Mounting Systems, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 36, 2001, 123-142.
[5] Ko Ying Hao, Ooi Lu Ean, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, The design development of suspended handles for reducing hand-arm vibration in petrol driven grass trimmer, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 41, 2011, 459-470.
[6] V. K. Tiwari, K. N. Dewangan, Effect of vibration isolators in reduction of work stress during field operation of hand tractor, Biosystems Engineering, 103, 2009, 146-158

Abstract:Due to some effective factors such as inhomogeneity of soil environment surrounded one pile, implementation of pile, pile material and its shape, correct estimation of pile load carrying capacity is difficult. However, pile load test with a high accuracy can be used as a reliable method in different steps of design and analysis, it is costly and its implementation takes long time in civil projects. This imposed some limitation on using this test. In contrast, modeling by artificial neural networks is a method which doesn't require simplification and use of high reliability coefficients and is based on pervious data and information.

[1] Haykin, s,; "Neural Networks, a Comprehensive foundation", Prentice Hall, 1999. [2] Fausett, L. V. (1994). Fundamentals neural networks: Architecture, algorithms, and applications, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
[3] Knowels, P., "Predicting Labor Productivity using neural networks", MSc thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonth, Canada.
[4] Smith, G.N., Probably and statistics in civil engineering, Collins, 1986. [5] The, C. I., Wong, K. S., Goh, A. T. C., and Jaritngam, s. (1997). "Prediction of pile capacity using neural network.".
[6] B. H. Fellenius; " What Capacity Value to Choose from the Results a static Loading Test": Winter 2001.
[7] Lu, M., Abourizk, S.M. & Hermann, U.H., Sensitivity Analisys of neural networks in spool fabrication productivity studies, j. comp. in civil engineerings, Vol. 15, No.4

Abstract:In this paper, study of a crankshaft employed in a reciprocating pumping of Oil & Gas sector called mud pump, is done for an offshore model. Mud pumps are used to circulate drilling fluid and mud under rated pressures. It has well service and oil production applications. The pump rotated at speeds of 120 to 150 rpm is taken into consideration. Considering the overall pump system; forces, moment and torque acting on a shaft is used to calculate the stresses induced on it. Stress analysis also carried out by using FEA and the results are compared with the calculated analytical values.

[1]. Theoretical Fatigue Analysis of Lubricating Oil Pump Rotor Shaft- IJEIT, January 2011.
[2]. Prediction of Fatigue Life of Crank Shaft using S-N Approach, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering – IJETAE, February 2013.
[3]. Rincle Garg, Sunil Baghla, "Finite element analysis and optimization of crankshaft", International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, vol-2, Issue-6, ISSN: 2250-0758, Pages: 26-31, December 2012.
[4]. John E. Miller's, The Reciprocating Pump, Krieger Publishing Company, Florida.
[5]. Joseph Edward Shigley's, Mechanical Engineering Design, First Metric Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
[6]. Samuel L. Collier's, Mud Pumps Handbook, Gulf Publishing Company, Tokyo.
[7]. P. Seshu, Textbook of Finite Element Analysis, PHI Learning.

Abstract:The objective of research is to study the influence of process parameters and electrode shape configuration on the machining characteristics of die sinking EDM. The present work aims to study the effect of circular electrode shape with constant cross sectional area and having 8.462 g weight on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and electrode wear rate (EWR) for AISI 316 stainless steel workpiece material and graphite as electrode material.

[1]. Banker, K. S., Oza, A. D., & Dave, R. B. Performance Capabilities of EDM machining using Aluminum, Brass and Copper for AISI 304L Material.
[2]. Choudhary, K. K., & Parveen Saini, S. (2013). Analysis of MRR and SR with different electrode for SS 316 on Die-Sinking EDM using Taguchi Technique. Global Journal of Researches In Engineering, 13(3).
[3]. Choudhary, S. K., & Jadoun, R. S. (2014). Current Advanced Research Development of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM): A Review. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2(3).
[4]. Gokulraj, V., Dinesh, A., & Inderajith, M. An Experimental Investigation of Machinability of Stainless Steel 316 Using Brass Electrodes.
[5]. Gopalakannan, S., & Senthilvelan, T. (2012). Effect of Electrode Materials on Electric Discharge Machining of 316 L and 17-4 PH Stainless Steels. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 11(07), 685.

Abstract:This paper investigated, experimentally, the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally post-tensioned Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) tendons, under fatigue loading. Fatigue experiments on five beams (160x280x3500 mm) were undertaken. Mid-span –deflection, steel bar and CFRP tendons strain and cracks width were measured at different numbers of load cycles and varying fatigue loading levels during the test . Test parameters included the tendon profile and the load levels applied to the beam during the fatigue life (27%, 35%, 43% and 48% of their ultimate load). The CFRP tendons were post-tensioned at 35%, 40%, 45% and 55% respectively of its ultimate capacity. The empirical equation for crack width was established using curve fitting at various fatigue loading levels and numbers of load cycles. The fatigue performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally prestressed CFRP tendons was evaluated.

[1] Saeki, N., T. Horiguchi, K., Inomata, M., Hata, S., and Ikeda, T. "Strengthening of Damaged Concrete Beams By External Prestressing of Aramid Fiber Cable", International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Vancouver, Canada, Nanni, A. and Dolan, C. editors, American Concrete Institute, ACI SP-138, pp. 913-932. (1993).
[2] Taniguchi, H., Mutsuyoshi, H., Kita, T., and Machida, A. "Flexural Behavior of Externally Prestressed Concrete Beams Using CFRP and Aramid Rope Under Static and Dynamic Loading," Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Fiber Reinforced Plastics for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-5), Cambridge, UK, Vol. 2, pp. 783-790. (1997).
[3] Grace N. F. & Abdel-Sayed G. "Behavior of Externally Draped CFRP Tendons in Prestressed Concrete Bridges," Journal of Prestressed Concrete International, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp.88-101. (1998).
[4] Balaguru, P.N. and Shah, S.P. "A Method of Prediction Crack Widths and Deflection for Fatigue Loading" ACI Special Publication 75-5, Detroit, pp. 153-175. (1982).
[5] ACI Committee 318. "Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete." American concrete Institute, pp 96-101. (1999).

Abstract: Electrochemicalbehavior ofcarbon steel for nuclear reactor containment buildings was investigated using potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, and galvanostatic polarization techniques in Ca(OH)2 solutions with NaCl. From potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests, it was found that the occurrence of pitting on the carbon steel in the solutionswas strongly dependent on the applied potential and chloride concentration. Metastable pitting that has usually been observed on stainless steels in chloride containing solutions was not observed on the carbon steel used in this study.Using galvanostatic polarization technique, the chloride threshold conditions of the carbon steel were evaluated. First, samples were pre-passivated in Ca(OH)2 solutions without NaCl for 2 days by immersion.

[1] D.J. Naus, Concrete,Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, 4, 2012, 407-431.
[2] M.J. Do, A.D. Chockie, Aging degradation of concrete structures in nuclear power plants, SKI Report 94:15, Sept. 1994.

Abstract: Vehicle crashes are a major concern in rapidly growing urban agglomerations. They also have attracted the attention of researchers, academicians, and policy makers. A large body of research literature exists that throws light on the magnitude of this problem and also indicates the interventions required. In a vast majority of Indian cities, buses are the main mode of public transport. An externality of the bus-based public transport system, like any other mode of transport, is the injuries and fatali-ties arising out of the crashes involving them. Buses are involved in 12-20 percent of fatal crashes in Indian cities.

[1]. Ackerman, R.O., K . M. Gwilliam, and L. S.Thompson. 1998. The World Bank, trans-port and the environment. Japan Railway & Transport Review 18: 13-39.
[2]. APROSYS. 2014. Strategies for enhanced pedestrian and cyclist friendly design (Rep. No. AP-SP-21-0062). Aachen: RWTH.
[3]. Bhalla K., M. Ezzati, A. Mahal, J. Salomon, and M. Reich. 2007. A risk-based method for modelling trafficfatalities. Risk Analysis 27: 125–36.
[4]. Chawla, A., D. Mohan, V. Sharma, and J. Kajzer. 2000. Safer truck front design for pedestrian impacts. Crash Prevention and Injury Control 2(1): 33-43.

Abstract: The present experiment is conducted to study and analyse the effect of perforated ribs vortex generator having the aspect ratio (A.R) of 2, 3 and 5 on friction factor ratio of air flow through a square channel having the aspect ratio (A.R) of 1.0.The friction factor ratio and pressure drop characteristics in a square channel with different geometrical configurations of perforated ribs vortex generators are studied. Geometrical configurations in a square channel are symmetrically varied at different pitch to height ratio and at different aspect ratio of vortex generator.

[1]. R.Tauscher, F.Mayinger "Enhancement of heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger by Turbulence premotors" Journal of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Heat Exchangers 1999,Pages 207-221.
[2]. Ting Maa, Qiu-wang, WangMin Zeng, Yi-tung Chen, Yang Liu, Vijaisr Nagarajan"Study on heat transfer and pressure drop performances of ribbed channel in the High temperature heat exchanger " ELSEVIER Publication Applied Energy 99 (2012) 393–401.
[3]. Giovanni Tanda, "Heat transfer in rectangular channels with transverse andV-shaped broken ribs", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 229–243.
[4]. S. Liu, M. Sakr, "A comprehensive review on passive heat transfer enhancements in pipe exchangers", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 19 (2013) 64–81.
[5]. Soo Whan Ahn and Kang PH Son, "An Investigation on Friction Factors and Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Rectangular Duct with Surface Roughness", KSME International Journal, VoL 16 No.4, pp. 549-556, 2002.