iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2016

Abstract: Sedimentation in reservoirs, which eventually leads to detrimental loss of storage capacity, is one of the most serious problems in dam engineering. In this paper, problems faced by Run-of-River schemes in the Himalayan region due to sedimentation are highlighted. Three general strategies for addressing reservoir sedimentation currently utilized are: reduction of incoming sediments, minimization of sediment deposition, and removal of sediments from the reservoir. This paper addresses the feasibility of reservoir sluicing for abating the sediment deposition near the power intake and simultaneously maintaining the minimum water level required for power generation in Run-of-River schemes.

[1] "Central Electricity Authority 2004", Load Generation Balance, Report 2014-2015.[Cross Ref]
[2] Bhosekar V. V, Sunderlal B.S, Awate P. V. and Deolalikar P.B. (2007). "Layout of spillway and power intake for run-of-the river hydro-electric projects", Sixth International R & D CBIP Conference, Lucknow, Feb.
[3] Himanshu Thakkar and Swarup Bhattacharyya. "Revealing Results, a Wake up Call", South Asia Network on Dams,Rivers and People.[Cross Ref]
[4] Tigrek, S., and Aras, T. (2011). Reservoir Sediment Management, CRC Press, Leiden, the Netherlands, pp 41-60.
[5] Paul, T. C., and Dhillon, G. S., (1998). "Sluice dimensioning for desilting reservoirs," International Water Power & Dam Construction, 40(5), pp 40-44.[Cross Ref]
[6] Morris, G. L., and Fan, J. (1998). Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and Management of Dams, Reservoirs, and Watersheds for Sustainable Use, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New York. [Cross Ref]

Abstract: This paper describes static and fatigue analysis of steel and composite leaf spring made of E-glass fiber/epoxy. The design parameters are considered to be same for both springs. Composite mono leaf spring was fabricated utilizing hand lay- up technique with distinguishing different fiber orientation such as, [0/45/0/45]s. The outcome of the experiment was validated by FEA. At full load, the stress in the composite leaf spring observed was 53.06 % less than a steel leaf spring with higher stiffness. The conventional steel leaf spring weighs about 10.5 kg, whereas the spring made with E-glass /epoxy weighs only 2.67 kg. Thus, weight reduction of 74.49% was accomplished. The fatigue life of composite leaf spring (100000 cycles) spring was more than that of conventional steel leaf spring. Study demonstrates that the composite can be used for leaf spring for the light vehicle and meet the requirement, together with the sustainable weight reduction. Better agreement between experimental result and FEA is observed.

[1]. Daugherty R.L., Composite leaf spring in heavy truck application, Composite Material Proceedings of Japan-US Conference Tokyo 1981, pp529-538
[2]. Andrea Corvi. A Preliminary Approach to Composite Beam Design using FEM Analysis. Composite Structure 1990, Vol 16, no. 5, pp. 279–300, 1981.
[3]. Beardmore P, Johnson CF. The potential for composites in Structural automotive applications. Comp Science and Technology, Vol. 26, pp. 251–81,1986
[4]. Morris C. J Composite Integrated Rear Suspension. Composite structure Vol, 5, pp. 233-242, 1986.
[5]. Roselita Fragoudakis, Anil Saigal ,"Predicting the fatigue life in steel and glass fiber reinforced plastics using damage models,"Material science and applications,2011,2,pp 596-604

Abstract: The spurt in the growth of water consumption for industrial, residential and power generation purposes has encouraged engineers to devise technologies that minimize water use. In addition, drought conditions have made the government to bring in regulations that encourage water conservation. Majority of power plants use water for cooling steam from the turbine which is beneficial for sites with plenty of water. An alternative is to use air as the cooling medium but their performance drops in hot weather conditions. Maximization of overall efficiency is as vital as the cost and availability of water. Therefore there is a need to integrate the technologies of air cooled and water cooled condensers. This project will focus on parallel condensing where steam from the turbine is ducted in parallel to both air cooled and water cooled condensers. To optimize the parallel condensing capacities of air cooled and water cooled condensers considering parameters such as ambient temperature, pressure, availability of water, fan power, pumping costs.

[1]. L. X. Zhou, et al, "Study on Variable Condition Features for 300 MW Direct Air-cooling Unit," J, Proceedings the CSEE, Vol. 27, No. 17, 2007, pp. 78-82.
[2]. F. W. Yu and K. T. Chan, "Application of Direct Evapo-rative Coolers for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Air-cooling Chillers," Journal of solar Ening, Vol. 127, No. 3, 2005 pp.430-433.
[3]. Sarabchi K., Nabati H.; 2010. Thermodynamic analysis of converting a steam power plant to a combined power plant. 2010, 8th annual conference of Iranian mechanical engineers, pages 649-659, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
[4]. Heyen, G., andmilazzo, A.; 2007. Repowering combined cycle power plants by a modified STIG configuration. Energy Conversion and Management, 48 :1590-1600.
[5]. Hosseinalipoor S.M., Mehrpanahi A. 2009. Economical analysis of repowering steam power plants in comparison to constructing gas power plants. 7th national congress of energy.

Abstract: Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is widely used in machining of conductive materials when precision is of primary significance. Wire-cut electric discharge machining of EN31 steel has been considered in the present work. Experimentation has been completed by using Taguchi's L9orthogonal array with different levels of input parameters. Optimal combination of parameters was obtained by this technique. Experimental results make obvious that the machining model is proper and the Taguchi's method satisfies the practical requirements. The results obtained are analyzed for the selection of an optimal combination of WEDM parameters for proper machining of AISI D3 tool steel to achieve better surface finish.

[1]. V. D. Shinde and Anand S. Shivade, Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness in Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) using Taguchi Method, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 3(2), 2014, 10-15.
[2]. Rajesh Khanna and Hari Singh, Parametric Optimization for Surface Roughness in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining— A Taguchi Approach, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences, 4(1), 2011,13-18.
[3]. Dipti Ranjan Patra, Ivan Sunit Rout and Manabhanjan Sahoo, Optimization of WEDM parameters using Taguchi method for higher material removal rate on EN31 steel, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5(6) Part -4,2015, 57-62.
[4]. Brajesh Kumar Lodhia and Sanjay Agarwal, optimization of machining parameters in wedm of aisi d3 steel using taguchi technique, procedia cirp 01/2014; 14:194–199.
[5]. G. Lakshmikanth , Nirmal Murali,G.Arunkumar , S. Santhanakrishnan, Investigation on Optimization of Machining Parameters in Wire EDM using Taguchi Technique, International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 1(9), 2013, 1772-1774.

Abstract: Worldwide emission regulation has been tightening year after year. There is a need to work out combinations of key technologies to meet the forth-coming emission norms. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System is one such technique that uses the Exhaust Gas coming from Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOx, which is particularly very harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. It is first cooled in EGR Cooler & then it is mixed with atmospheric air & then passed to Combustion Chamber. Fresh atmospheric air required is reduced & automatically pollutant (NOx etc.) is reduced. Experiments were carried out on computerized three cylinder four-stroke petrol engine (27.6 kW@ 5000 rpm). Exhaust gas recirculation set-up is developed. Engine was tested with different EGR percentage. i.e. 0 %, 5 %, 10 % & 15%. Effect of EGR on CO, CO2, NOx and other performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption were studied. There is considerable reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the emissions are very much controlled.

[1]. Vipul Jain, Dipesh Singh Parihar, Vaibhav Jain and Irfan H Mulla. Performance of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System on Diesel Engine. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1287-1297 .
[2]. Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Shravan Kumar Singh, Shailendra Sinha and Mritunjay Kumar Shukla. Effect of EGR on the exhaust gas temperature and exhaust opacity in compression ignition engines. Sadhana Vol. 29, Part 3, June 2004, pp. 275–284.
[3]. Sang-Ki Park, Kap-Seung Choi, Hak-Min Wang, Hyung-Man Kim and Dae-Hee Lee Tae-Jin Kim and Joon Lee. Heat Exchange Efficiency Characteristics of EGR Cooler with Stack-Type or Shell &Tube-Type. SAE International 2007-01-3446.
[4]. Pratibhu Roy, Indranil Sinha, Bijan Kumar Mandal, Achin Kumar Chowdhari. The effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in Compression Ignition Engine. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Volume 3, Special Issue 3: ICERTSD 2013, Feb 2013, pages 106-111 An ISO 9001:2008 certified Int. Journal, ISSN 2250-2459.
[5]. Amr Ibrahim and Saiful Bari. An Investigation on using EGR on natural gas SI Engine. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2007(ICME2007) 29- 31 December 2007.

Abstract:The requirement of cement is rising day by day in construction industry which causes depletion of natural resources and at the same time increases environmental pollution. One of the solutions to reduce the usage of cement in concrete is by using GGBS as substituting material to OPC. Pavements are subjected to impact loads due to studded wheel tires. In this experimental investigation, High Volumes of Slag Concrete (OPC:GGBS is 50:50) of different water/binder ratios are ranging from 0.55 to 0.27 are considered....

[1]. Pooja Shrivastava, Dr.Y.p. Joshi, "Innovative Use of Waste Steel Scrap in Rigid Pavements", Civil and Environmental Research,
ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online)Vol.6, No.7, pp-43-54, 2014.
[2]. Arvo Tinni, "Introduction to Concrete Pavements", Tinni Management Consulting, Eesti Betooniühing – March 2013.
[3]. Mohammed Yusuf Sagri, Prof. S.S. Kadam, "To Investigate Combined Influence of Steel Fiber And Silica Fume on High Strength
[4]. Concrete Rigid Pavement", International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 3, May-June, 2015,
ISSN 2091-2730.
[5]. G. Niranjana, Samson Mathew, P. Jayabalan, "Structural Strength Enhancement of Rigid Pavement Using Scrap Steel Fibre

Abstract:This paper mainly researched on influence of vortex generator on lift coefficient and drag coefficient, when vortex generator is mounted on a flat plate. Vented cylinders were used as vortex generators which intensify vortex shedding in the wake of the vented cylinder as compared to base line circular cylinder which ensures more attached flow and increases lift force of the system.....

[1] Alexander Yakhot, and Heping Liu, "Vortex Shedding from Rectangular Plates", AIAA journal, Vol 42, NO 7, Technical Notes.
[2] A R Hanson, "Vortex Shedding From Yawed cylinders", AIAA Journal, Vol 4, NO 4.
[3] Boye Ahlborn, Mae L. Seto and Bernd R. Noack, "On drag, Strouhal number and vortex-street structure", Elsevier Journal, Fluid
dynamics research, 30 (2002) 379–399.
[4] Chandrakant D. Mhalungekar and Swapnil.P.Wadkar, "CFD and Experimental analysis of vortex shedding behind D- shaped
cylinder", International Journal of Innovative Research in advanced engineering (IJIRAE), ISSN: 2349-2163, Vol 1 Issue 5, 2014.
[5] K. Satpathy , K. Velusamy , B. S. V. Patnaik and P.Chelapindi , "Numerical Investigation of Vortex shedding Past a finite Circular
cylinder Mounted on flat plate", Taylor Francis Journal, Numerical Heat transfer Applications ISSN: 1040-7782.

Abstract:During a century of development of automobile industry, major technological advances were achieved. Detailed studies with relation to the dynamic behavior of vehicles are needed for a better understanding of design and development of auto-vehicles. This work aims to develop a computational model used for dynamic analysis of vehicles, offering to the user a better knowledge about the mathematical methods implemented, through a friendly interface......

[1] Gillespie, T. D., Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, 6th printing, USA, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1992.
[2] Attia, H. A., "Dynamic modeling of the double wishbone motor-vehicle suspension system", European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, n.21, page 167-174, 2002.
[3] Kim, H., Yang, H. S., Park, Y., "Improving the vehicle performance with active suspension using road-sensing algorithm", Computers and Structures, n.80, page 1569-1577, 2002.
[4] Shiiba, T., Suda, Y., Development of driving simulator with full vehicle model of multibody dynamics, JSAE Review, n.23, page 223-230, 2002.
[5] Alexandru, C. "Dynamic Analysis of the Guiding Mechanisms used for the Rear Axle of the Commercial Vehicles", International Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 3. n. 1, pp. 1-6, 2009.

Abstract:A finite element model of reinforced concrete beam column connections (BCC) using ABAQUS program is presented. The concrete is discretisised into 4-node shell elements. Truss elements discretely model each single reinforcement bar. They arecoupled to the concrete elements using the embedded modelingtechnique. The concretedamage plasticitymodel of ABAQUS is used to describe the nonlinear material behavior ofconcrete and steel plates of supports under monotonic loading......

[1] ABAQUS Version 6.9, "SIMULIA Products", Documentation Web site:Http://www.engine.brown.edu:2080/v6.7/index.html. Last
accessed: September 2009.
[2] DavideBuzzini, dipl. Bau-Ing. ETH "Quasi-Static Cyclic Tests on threehybridFibre Concrete Structural Walls" Institute of
Structural Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, phd thesis, 2006.
[3] Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures, (ECP 203-2007) 2012.
[4] Hu H-T, Schnobrich WC. Constitutive modelling of concrete by usingNonassociated plasticity. J Mater Civil Eng (ASCE)
1989;1(4):199–216.
[5] Hibbitt, Karlsson, and Sorensen, Inc. ABAQUS Theory manual, User manual andExample Manual, Version 6.7. Providence, RI;
2000.

Abstract: The main aim of this project is to design the size of footing for cohesive and non-cohesive soils for a same type building, try to find which soil is more economical and the ways to reduce the cost of construction of building. Standard Penetration Tests were conducted at different locations in both cohesive and non cohesive soils to calculate the bearing capacity of the soil.....

[1]. J. E. Bowles, Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, 1996.
[2]. J. L. Bonet, M. H. F. M. Barros and M. L. Romero,(2006)," Comparative Study of Analytical And Numerical Algorithms For Designing Reinforced Concrete Sections Under Biaxial Bending", Computers & Structures,vol.84, no.31-32, pp.2184-2193.
[3]. H. M. Algin, (2007) "Practical Formula for Dimensioning a Rectangular Footing, Engineering Structures", vol.29, No.6, pp.1128-1134.
[4]. Luevanos-Rojas, (2013),"A Mathematical Model for Dimensioning of Footings Rectangular", ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications, vol.4, no.2, pp.269-274.
[5]. Luevanos-Rojas (2013), "A Mathematical Model For Pressures Of Ground Acting On Footings Rectangular",ICIC Express Letters, Part B: Applications, vol.4, no.1, pp.19-24.

Abstract: Layers of Fe-Cr-C Hard facing material containing various amounts of chromium were deposited on mild steel base metal. Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SCM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the effect of chromium content of micro structural characteristics of Fe-Cr-C hard facing layers. The M7C3 carbide refinement mechanism exists on base metal. The experimental results show the micro structure of Fe-Cr-C hard facing layers consists of primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbide and the eutectic phases.......

[1]. Pankaj Wani & C.K.Dutta, "Some studies of hardfacing and metallurgical structures of mild steel using arc welding processes", Delhi college of
Engineering, New Delhi welding journal, pp 22-23, 2004.
[2]. R. Das Gupta, B. K. Prasad, A. K. Jha, O. P. Modi, S. Das, A. H. Yegneswaran, "Surface Engineering – an avenue for improving life of Agricultural
Implements", IE (I) Journal – MM, Vol. 79, p. 36-43, 1998.
[3]. John J. Coronado, Holman F. Caicedo, Adolfo L.Gomez. "The effect of abrasive wear resistance for hardfacing deposits", Tribology International
Journal 42, PP 745-749, 2009.
[4]. V.Balasubramanyam, R.Varahamoorthy, C.S.Ramachandra, C.Muralidharan "Selection of welding process for hardfacing on carbon steels based on
quantitative and qualitative factors", Springer journal Int J Adv Manuf Technol 40:887-897, 2009.
[5]. S.Chatterjee, T.K.Pal, E.N. Gregory, "Surfacing by welding", Weld Inst. Res. Bull. 21(1), pp9-13, 1980.