iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2015

Abstract: The study investigated factors influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Initiation (EBFI) and Breastfeeding continuation (BFC) among women in Nigeria with special focus on Ojodu Lagos state. The multistage sampling was used to select 100 participants from the five health centres in the community for the study. The factors examined included socio-demographic and breastfeeding practice. Data for the study was gathered using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the logit regression model. Analysis was at p≤0.05. About 60% were less than 33 years of age and are mostly married (88%), are from the Yoruba ethnic group (84%) and largely Christians (77%). Most of the women already have 2-3 children (73%) thus they are expected to be aware of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF). Some 68% had more than secondary education and 74% are employed. Most of the respondents earn above N20,000 (<$ 101) monthly. Prevalence of EBF is higher in the early age of the infant with 77% of the mothers initiating EBF when the infant is about a month old but only 28 percent still practice EBF at 6 months. Also, only 17% were willing to continue to breastfeed for 2 years according to WHO recommendation. Factors which increased EBFI were mode of delivery, frequency of antenatal visits, place of delivery, age of the index infant and family influence. Factors which decreased EBFI included maternal literacy level, ethnicity, income levels and need to resume full time job or school. The factors which increased BFC included maternal age, frequency of antenatal visits and place of delivery. Factors which decreased BFC included income levels and need to resume full time job or school. Creating more awareness and encouraging women adoption of exclusive breastfeeding especially in the first 6 months of the infant's life, should be encouraged
Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding Initiation, Breastfeeding continuation, logit model, Nigeria.

[1]. Salami Lilian I, Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Practices In Edo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Agriculture and Nutrition, 6(2). 2006, 1-12
[2]. Lavender,T., Mcfadden, C., and baker, I,. Breastfeeding and family life. Maternal child nutrition, 2(3), 2006, 145-155.
[3]. Mcfadden, A, and Toole, G, Exploring women's views of breastfeeding: a focus group study within an area with high levels of socio-economic deprivation. Maternal child nutrition. 2(3), 2006, 156-168
[4]. Campbell, S.E., and Jones, J.L., the methodology of nutritional screening and assessment tools. Journal of human nutrition & dietetics 2002; 15:59-71.
[5]. Tampah-Naah and Kumi-Kyereme, Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Ghana: a cross sectional study International Breastfeeding Journal 2013, 8:13

Abstract: Background: Egypt has a population of 28.37 million women aged 15- 44 years and older who are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Current estimates indicate that every year 866 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 373 die from the disease. Cervical cancer in Egypt ranks as the 10th most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. The study aimed to assess knowledge of female nursing students regarding risk factors of cervical cancer and to explore the association between educational stage and knowledge level of the students about cervical cancer. Subjects and Methods: Systematic sampling was used and self-administered questionnaires were given to 230 1st grade students (Junior) and 174 from 4th grade (senior), (100%) and (99%) respectively of whom responded. Results: A total of Three hundred and eighty-nine (n=398) students completed the survey questionnaire for a 100% response rate. knowledge score (86.2%) of the participants had thought their knowledge about cervical cancer was inadequate according to their answers for question. Conclusion: The low knowledge level of participants reflected the urgent need for modification of nurses curricula to include the cervical cancer prevention which increase female awareness based on improving female nursing students knowledge.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, knowledge, Senior, Junior, grades, students

[1]. Bruni L, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, Serrano B, Brotons M, Albero G, Cosano R, Muñoz J, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, Castellsagué X. ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Egypt. Summary Report 2014 August [Data Accessed]
[2]. Shah V., Vyas S., Singh A., and Shrivastava M. Awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention among the nursing staff of a tertiary health institute in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. E cancer medical science. 2012; 6: 270.
[3]. Leung SS, Leung I. Cervical cancer screening: knowledge, health perception and attendance rate among Hong Kong Chinese women. Int J Womens Health. 2010; 2: 221-8.
[4]. Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure Toolkit Version 2.1 developed by the UCL Health Behaviour Research Centre, in collaboration with the Department of Health Cancer Team and The Eve Appeal, with funding from The Eve Appeal. Cancer Research UK, University College London, King's College London and Oxford University update 2011.
[5]. Urasa M., Darj E. Knowledge of cervical cancer and screening practices of nurses at a regional hospital in Tanzania. African Health Sciences 2011; 11(1): 48 - 57

Abstract:Objective: Effect Of Plantar Flexor Stretching Exercises In Low Back Pain Management Design: Randomized clinical trial Method and Measurements: 40 patients (M=20, F=20) from spinal clinic at Riyadh military hospital and king Saud medical city (Age 25-40 yrs) with Low back pain, onset ˃1-3 months (chronic) were randomly assigned to either group A (control group) receiving, stretching exercises (hamstring, back, and iliopsoas muscles),strengthening exercises (hamstring, iliopsoas, and abdominal muscles) or group B (experimental group) receiving, stretching exercises (hamstring, gastrocnemius, back, and iliopsoas muscles), Strengthening exercises (hamstring, gastrocnemius, iliopsoas, and abdominal muscles). Treatment was given 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Before treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment pain was assessed on VAS, fingertip-to-floor (FTF), test for the spine movement, and Low back pain disability questionnaire (OSWESTRY Questionnaire).
Results: There was a significant difference between post results of the first group and the second group in ROM of trunk flexion and disability Questionnaire (OSWESTRY Questionnaire) where: p value of ROM of trunk flexion in the first group 0.012, and p value in the second group 0.0001, p value of disability questionnaire in the first group 0.001, and p value in the second group 0.0001. But, there is a significant difference in pain in the second group only where ; p value of pain in the first group 0.415, and p value in the second group 0.0001.
Conclusion: In this study, the results indicate that the program is a safe, reliable and effective method that produces satisfactory results if it is carried out day by day with following the instructions concerning correct ADL.
Keywords: Starching Exercise, low back pain, Strengthening Exercises, tightened muscles.

[1]. Walker BF: The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998. J Spinal Disord 2000, 13:205-217.
[2]. Clinical diagnosis for discogenic low back pain -International Journal of Biological Sciences 2009; 5(7):647-658 -Yin-gang Zhang1, Tuan-mao Guo1, Xiong Guo2, and Shi-xun Wu1.
[3]. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C, Hildebrandt J, Klaber-Moffett J, Kovacs F, Mannion AF, Reis S, Staal JB, Ursin H, Zanoli G:
[4]. Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2006, 15(Suppl 2):S192-300.Waddell G: The Back Pain Revolution. 2 edition. Churchill-Livingstone; 2004.
[5]. Bekkering GE, Hendriks HJM, Koes B, Oostendorp RA, Ostelo R, Thomassen J,Van Tulder M: Dutch Physiotherapy Guidelines for Low Back Pain. Physiotherapy 2003, 89:82-96.

Abstract: Aim:To determine the incidence, indication,risk factors and complications of Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) and to evaluate subtotal Vs total hysterectomy. Material and methods:This is prospective study of all, women who underwent EPH in 2014 in obstetric and gynaec department in Guntur Medical College, Guntur, after taking approval from Ethics committee. The incidence, indications, risk factors, complications are analyzed from the case sheets and parturition registers. Results:There are9771 total number of deliveries in labour wards in 2014, 8401 are normal deliveries and 1370 are LSCS. 16 women underwent EPH in 2014 in GGH Guntur(1.58 per 1000 cases). The indication for EPH rupture uterus(55.8), abnormal placentation (20%), atony (25%). The common complications are coagulopathy( 2 0 % ),MORD (24.8 % ), sepsis (12.5 % ) , bladder injury(6.25%). The incidence of LSCS and post caesarian pregnancies are high in our series. Post caesarian pregnancies with rupture uterus where rent repair is feasible ,rent repair and tubectomy done ,and those cases are excluded.

[1]. Awan N, Bennett MJ Walters WA.Emergency peripartum hysterectomy:10 year review at Royal hospital for women Sydney Aust NZ. JObstetGynaecol. 2011; 51: 210-5.
[2]. Christopaulos P, Hassiakos. D. Tsitoura A, et al. Obstetric hysterectomy:a review of cases over 16 years.JObstet Gynaecol.2011;31:139-41.
[3]. KweeA,BotoML,VisserGH,etal.Emergencyperipartum hysterectomy : a prospective study in The Netherlands.Eur J ObtetGynaecolReproduBiol .2006;124:187-92.
[4]. Demirci O, Tugrul AS. Yilmaz E, et al. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a tertiary obstetric centre:;nine years evaluation.JObstetGynaecol Res. 2011; 37: 1054-60.
[5]. YucelO,OzdemirI,YucelN,etal.Emergencyperipartum hysterectomy :a 9 year review.ArchGynaecol Obstet.2006;274:84-7.

Abstract: The study aimed to develop Indian mono-syllabic speech perception tests for Hindi speaking children. The test was designed for children aged between two to six years-old. A total of 226 normal hearing children each group aged 2 years to 6 years were participated in present study.Test item were selected on the basis of most familiar, frequent consonant occurred in daily uses .Test consists of each set of 40 pictorial stimuli which scored 2 for auditory response, 1 for auditory and visual cues required, zero for no response even after auditory and visual stimulation. ANOVA test results showed that the mean scores for mono-syllabic the showed statically significantly difference between ages group across age (p < 0.05). Age 4-5 and 5-6 did not showed and statically significantly difference due to maximum ceiling effect (i.e. max score 80). To check reliability 56 subject were retested after one month of duration. Similarly same test was administered by other tester, inter-rater and test retest reliability were found high and the coefficients approximated 0.8 and .73 (p < 0.05). There no statically significant difference seen between genders for all test items. Content items were validated by 5 experience speech therapist and audiologist. In conclusion, monosyllabic picture speech perception test easy to administer and scoring which is reliable and valid for Hindi speaking children.

[1]. Barker, B.A., Bass-Ringdahl, S.M. (2004). The effect of audibility on audio-visual speech perception in infant cochlear implant recipients. In R.T. Miyamoto (ed.), Cochlear Implants. International Congress Series 1273 (pp. 316-319). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
[2]. Barker, B.A., & Tomblin, J.B. (2004). Bimodal speech perception in infant hearing and cochlear implant users. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, 130, 582-587.
[3]. Berko Gleason, J. (2005). The development of language (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
[4]. Boothroyd, A. (1984). Auditory perception of speech contrasts by subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 134-144.
[5]. Boothroyd, A. (1985). Evaluation of speech production in the hearing-impaired: Some benefits of forced-choice testing. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 28, 185-196.

Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used imaging modality in the evaluation of knee injuries. Aim Of Study: Was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of MRI in diagnosing the presence or absence of the most common injuries of the knee; the meniscus tears, the cruciate ligament ruptures and their relation with the age and sex of the patients in taif -hospital Saudi Arabia, and investigate role of the nurse in preparing patient for MRI. Methods: Retrospective study was performed in the period from Sep 2013 to Oct 2014. One hundred and fifty patients' medical records, who presented with various knee joint problems, referred from Orthopedic and Rheumatology Departments in king Abdul Aziz Specialist hospital after physical examination. Moreover, fifteen out of twenty ( 75 %) nurses working at the same above setting were included in the study. Tool Of Study: An observation checklist, for data collection from medical records, in addition , designed questioner for nurses' participated about MRI procedure . Results: The most common age 10-29 y, and male represent 72.7%. Swelling and pain (35.3%) more common Clinical diagnosis, followed by Joint effusion (24.7) , there are statistical significance difference between Clinical diagnosis and MRI finding P=0.00,Also statistical significance difference between MRI finding with age and sex P≤0.05. Most of nurses perform patient preparation before MRI reasonably , but more than half of the nurses have poor performance regarding patient preparation during and after procedure. Conclusion And Recommendation: MRI can accurately diagnose the ligament and meniscal injuries of knee joint, which is an ideal technique in the diagnosis of ligament injuries of knee joint. In service training is essential for all nurses working at KAASH.
Keywords: Joint injuries, MRI, Meniscus injury, Osteoarthritis (OA), King Abdul Aziz Specialist (KAASH).

[1]. Ahmad M, Ayub Z, Hadi N(2005):Prevalence of various types of intra-articular injuries detected by Magnetic resonance imaging in trauma to the knee joint. J Med Sci: 13:136–9.
[2]. American Academy of OrthopedicSurgeons (2009): Common knee injuries. Available at: ttp://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic. cfm?topic=A00325.
[3]. American College of Radiology (2009): Manual on Contrast Media .Http://www.acr.org/ Secondary Main September 11, 75.
[4]. American College of Radiology(2014):Acr–ssr practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the knee.
[5]. Avcu S., Altun E., Akpinar I., Bulut D., Eresov K and BirenT.(2010):Knee joint examinations by magnetic resonance imaging: The correlation of pathology, age, and Sex,North American Journal of Medical Sciences. April,Volume 2.No. 4.

Abstract: Back ground: Neonate is a newborn infant . the neonatal period include the time from birth through the twenty eighth day of life (1) Among the life span the childhood period neonatal period is very crucial ,which to large extent determines the overall health status of the child and in turn adult life (2). Birth is the major challenge to the newborn to negotiate successfully from intrauterine to extra uterine life(2) Delivery and the first few hours of life are critical period for the further growth and development of infant (1). Newborn is considered to be tiny and powerless ,completely dependent on other for life within one minute of birth the normal newborn adapts from a dependent fetal existence to an independent one; capable of breathing and caring on life process . thus these first hours are crucial because multiple organ system is making the transition from intrauterine to extra uterine function.(1) These changes are smooth for most infant ,but others the process is problematic (3) Each year ,staggering (7)million children die ,either during the first four weeks of life (3.8million) or as stillbirth (3.2millon),ninety eight percent of these death occur in low income countries .(4)The nurse frequently is the first health care provider who has contact with neonate ,the world health organization's definition of midwife includes the skilled supervision ,care and advice to be given to the mother during antenatal ,post partum period and the care to be given to the newborn baby and the young infant .

[1]. Bt Basavanthappa .text book of midwifery and productive health nursing 1st edition Newdalhi 2006 chapter( 10) page( 441).
[2]. Kathamand university medical journal 2009 vol no 3 issue 27-33-237.
[3]. Arlen Burrough ,Med,RN,maternity nursing and introductory text seven edition united states of America 1997.
[4]. Abalos E.effect otiming of amplical cord clamping of term infant on maternal and newnatal out comes :RHLcommentary (last revised :2march 2009). The WHO reproductive health libarary ;Geneva :world healt education.

Abstract: Back ground: Menopause, the time when a woman stops having menstrual periods, is not a disease or an illness for most women, menopause is a normally occur between age range 48-55 years.. Quality of life it encompasses several constructs including physical functional emotional social and cognitive variables. Aim of the study: To assess the Impact of menopausal symptoms on quality of life among women's in Qena City. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross section study design was carried out on (250 menopausal women).Data was collected through a questionnaire to collect necessary data. Setting: The study was conducted at out patient's clinics of Qena University and general hospitals..

[1]. Ashrafi M, Kazemi S(2010): Symptoms of natural menopause among Irania1n women who were living in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2010; 8: 29-
[2]. Rahman SA, Zainudin SR, and Kar Mun VL (2010): Assessment of menopausal symptoms using modified Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) among middle age women in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Family Medicine, 9:5.
[3]. Gharaibeh M, Al-Obeisat S, Hattab J (2010): Severity of menopausal symptoms of Jordanian women. Climacteric, 13: (4), 385-394.
[4]. Lu J, Liu J, Eden J (2007): The experience of menopausal symptoms by Arabic women in Sydney. Climacteric, 10:72-77.

Abstract:Background: Traditionally nursing in Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of unacceptable and less desirable professions for females. Nursing is hampered by many constraints that discourage women to join this vital profession.
Objective: The aim of this study is to identify impediments to nursing profession among Saudi female nurses in Najran city in south western region of KSA. Moreover the study highlights some points that might help the concerned authorities to solve these problems. Methods: The study was undertaken in Najran hospitals, during the period of March - June 2014. The principal method of data collection was a semi structured, open-ended questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was composed of two parts that are personal data beside 12 questions to be answered by nurses in addition to three questions to be answered by clients.

[1]. Oulton A. The global Nursing Shortage: An Overview of issues and actions. Policy, Politics & Nursing practice 2006;7(3):34-39.
[2]. Al-Omar, B: Knowledge, attitudes and intention of high school students towards the nursing profession in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Medical Journal, 2004; (25):150-155.
[3]. Kolleen Miller-Rosser K. Chapman Y. Francis K. Historical, Cultural, and Contemporary Influences on the Status of Women in Nursing in Saudi Arabia, J Issues Nursing, 19 July 2006; 11(3):1-8.
[4]. Al-Shahri MZ. Culturally sensitive caring for Saudi patients. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2002; 13(2): 133-8.

Abstract: Objectives: To estimate Saudi critical care nurses' knowledge regarding ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention guidelines and to explore the barriers that may restrict adherence to these guidelines Design: Descriptive, cross sectional survey. Method: A survey to evaluate nurses' knowledge of VAP prevention using a multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to intensive care nurses (n=93) in two large hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data was summarized and the association between the total knowledge score and age, gender, marital status, level of education, ICU experience and number of ICU beds was analyzed.

[1]. Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Amalraj, A. & Memish, Z.A.(2013). Reduction and surveillance of device-associated infections in adult intensive care units at a Saudi Arabian hospital, 2004-2011. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17,1207-1211.
[2]. Augustyn, B.(2008). Ventilator associated pneumonia: risk factors and prevention. Critical Care Nurse,27(4),32-39
[3]. Balkhy, H. H., El Saed, A., Maghraby, R., Al-Dorzi H. M., Khan, R., Rishu, A. H. & Arabi, Y.M.(2014).Drug- resistant ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 9(2), 104-111
[4]. Blot ,S. I., Labeau, S., Vandijek, D., Aken, P.V. & Claes, B.(2007). Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: results of a knowledge test among intensive care nurses. Intensive Care Medicine. DOI:10.1007/s00134-007-0705-0
[5]. Dudeck, M.A., Weiner, L.M., Allen-Bridson, K., Malpiedi, P.J., Peterson, K.D., Pollock, D.A., Sievert, D.M. & Edwards, J.R.(2013). National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) report, data summary for 2012, Device-associated module. American Journal of Infection Control, 41,1148-66
[6]. El-Khatib, M. F., Zeineldine, S., Ayoub, C., Husari,A. & Bou-Khalil, P.K.(2010) Critical care clinicians' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. American Association of Critical Care Nurses,19 (3),272-7.
[7]. Gupta, A., Kapil, A., Kabra, S.K., Lodha, R., Sood, S., Dhawan, B., Das, B.K. & Sreenivas, V.(2014). Assessing the impact of an educational intervention on ventilator-associated pneumonia in a pediatric critical care unit. American Journal of Infection Control , 42,111-5

Abstract: Holistic nursing care is defined as a philosophy of nursing practice that takes into account total patient care, considering the physical, emotional, social, economical, and spiritual needs of patients, their response to their illnesses, and the effect of illness on patients' abilities to meet self-care needs. Holistic nursing is an attitude, a philosophy, and a way of being. In Egypt, few studies were conducted, and there was a gap of knowledge in the area of holistic nursing care ,especially, in Menoufiya Governorate. Aim: This study aimed at exploring and describing nurses' perception of the meaning of holistic nursing care in wards and critical care units at Menoufiya University Hospital.

[1]. Ackley, B. J. & and Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care (9thed.). St. Louis: Mosby.
[2]. Albaugh, J. A. (2003). Spirituality and Life-Threatening Illness: A phenomenological Study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 30(4): 594-598. [3]. American Holistic Nurses Association. (2009). Holistic Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.ahna.org/ AboutUs/tabid/1158/Default.aspx.
[4]. American Holistic Nurses Association (2012). What is Holistic Nursing? Retrieved fromhttp://www.ahna.org/AboutUs/WhatisHolisticNursing/tabid/1165/Default.aspx.
[5]. Atlanta, G. (2012). http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9152300.htm.
[6]. Baldacchino, D.R. (2008). Teaching on the Spiritual Dimension in Care: The Perceived Impact on Undergraduate Nursing Students. Nurse Education Today, 28 (4):501–12.
[7]. Bamfo, E. A. and Hagin, J. E. (2011). Choosing A Holistic Care Approach for The Elderly. Bachelor Thesis, Yrkeshogskolan, Novia, University of Applied Sciences.

Abstract: Over the last decade, the pressure has increased for teachers to facilitate the best possible learning for all children. Teachers' knowledge, attitudes and practice influence students' learning. Aim of the study: to investigate teachers' knowledge, attitudes and reported strategies to assess and support the students with learning difficulties and to compare between the urban and rural teachers' attitudes and skills of assessment and supporting the students with learning difficulties.

[1]. Adebowale OF & Moye GP. Teachers' Knowledge of, and Attitude towards Learning Disabilities. Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling,Faculty of Education , Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Nigeria. The Online Educational Research Journal; 2013. www.oerj.org.
[2]. Indian Council of Medical Research. Learning Disability Awareness among Primary School Teachers,2011.
[3]. Pop C F and Ciascai L. What Do Romanian Teachers Know About Learning Difficulties. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 2013;6(3):11-17.
[4]. Westwood PS .What teachers need to know about learning difficulties, Carolyn Glascodine (ed.), Camberwell, Vic.: ACER Press,2008; 2.
[5]. Gandhimathi J O. Awareness about learning disabilities among the primary school teachers. Cauvery Research Journal, 2010; 3(1 & 2): 71-78.
[6]. Farrell M. The effective teacher's guide to dyslexia and other specific learning difficulties. Practical strategies, London & New York: Routledge, 2006.
[7]. Frederickson N. Bullying or befriending? Children's responses to classmates with special needs, British Journal of Special Education, 2010; 37(1): 4-12.