iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2015

Abstract: Food habits have been found to affect people's food choice and nutritional status The nutrient intake and food habit of bankers in Lagos was assessed. One hundred and thirty four (125) adults (59 males and 66 females) were randomly recruited into the study. Information on nutrient intake was obtained using 24-hr dietary recall while structure questionnaire was used to obtain information on marital status and food accessibility. Result showed that energy intake were respectively 2092.54±369.2 and 1870.16±424.3 for males and females. However, the mean protein and iron intakes exceeded RDA for both male and female respondents. Vitamins A,B,C,E values were lower than Recommended Dietary Allowance. Also, the study found that about40%, 4.8% and 5.6% of the respondents lived alone as single, divorced and widow respectively. Snacking was the convenient way of eating at work for 56.7% of the respondents. There is need for banks to make available cafeteria or invite a health conscious catering outfit that will make healthful meals available to their employees during the lunch hours.

Key words: Bankers, Nutrient, Food, Snacks, Shopping

[1]. Davidson S. Passmore, J.F. Brock and A.S. Truswells (2013). Human Nutrition and Dietetics. ELBS Church, Livingstone Publisher, Great Britain, p.20
[2]. Umesh Kapil (2012). Urgent need to orient Public health response to rapid nutrition transition. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. Vol.37(4):207-210
[3]. De Irala Surat. (2013). A study on effect of lifestyle, Risk factors on prevalence of Hypertension among white collar job people of Desei. The Internal Journal of Occupational Health.
[4]. Umesh Kapil (2012). Urgent need to orient Public health response to rapid nutrition transition. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. Vol.37(4):207-210
[5]. Oguntona, E.B. and Akinyele, I.O. 1995. Nutrient composition of commonly eaten foods in Nigeriia- raw, processed and prepared. Food Basket foundation Publication Series.page 25:35

Abstract: High blood pressure and obesity have been proven to be one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality around the world. This study assessed the occurrence of overweight and high blood pressure among individual in out-patient clinic in a specialist hospital in Nigeria. A total of 121 patients (40 males and 81 females) who gave their informed consent were recruited into the study from the out-patient clinic, pre-tested semi , structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information of the respondents. The blood pressure of each patient was obtained and anthropometric measurements were done using standard procedures, the data was then analyzed. The result showed that majority (33.1%) of them was traders while 19.8% were civil servants. 21.5% earn above 50,000 naira monthly. Their nutritional status showed that 24.8% were overweight while, 16.5%, 8.3% and 5.8% were mildly obese, moderately obese and morbidly obese respectively. Sex and nutritional status were found to significantly affect blood pressure at P<0.05. Therefore, there is need for health and nutrition campaign to enlighten the populace on how to reduce the risk of hypertension and obesity for a healthy active life.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Blood pressure, Nutritional status

[1]. James GD and Baker P.T (1995). Human population biology and blood pressure: Evolutionary and ecological considerations and interpretations of population studies. In: Laragh J.H and Brenner BM. Editors. Hypertension, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management 2nd edition New York. Raven press 115-126.
[2]. Guyton A.C and Hall J.E (2006). The Circulation: In: Guyton AC and Hall J.E editor. Textbook of medical physiological 11th edition Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elservier 166-167
[3]. Hajjarl, Kotchen J.M, Kotchen T.A: (2006). Hypertension: Trends in prevalence incidence and control. Ann Rev pub Health 27:465-490.
[4]. Reddy K, Prabhakaran D, Shah P and Shah B. (2002). Differences in body mass index and waist: Hip ration in North Indian rural and Urban populations Obesity Review 3 197-202.
[5]. Haslam DW, James W.P (2005) "Obesity Lancet 366 (9492): 1197-209.

Abstract: High blood pressure and obesity have been proven to be one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality around the world. This study assessed the occurrence of overweight and high blood pressure among individual in out-patient clinic in a specialist hospital in Nigeria. A total of 121 patients (40 males and 81 females) who gave their informed consent were recruited into the study from the out-patient clinic, pre-tested semi , structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information of the respondents. The blood pressure of each patient was obtained and anthropometric measurements were done using standard procedures, the data was then analyzed. The result showed that majority (33.1%) of them was traders while 19.8% were civil servants. 21.5% earn above 50,000 naira monthly. Their nutritional status showed that 24.8% were overweight while, 16.5%, 8.3% and 5.8% were mildly obese, moderately obese and morbidly obese respectively. Sex and nutritional status were found to significantly affect blood pressure at P<0.05. Therefore, there is need for health and nutrition campaign to enlighten the populace on how to reduce the risk of hypertension and obesity for a healthy active life.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Blood pressure, Nutritional status

premenstrual syndrome is particularly common among younger age groups, therefore represents a significant public health problem which affected young girls. There is no consensus regarding premenstrual syndrome treatment; however, all current interventions focus on management of the most troubling symptoms. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls and to identify complementary and alternative therapy used by nursing schools students to minimize premenstrual syndrome. An exploratory design was adopted in the current study.

Abstract: High blood pressure and obesity have been proven to be one of the leading causes of high morbidity and mortality around the world. This study assessed the occurrence of overweight and high blood pressure among individual in out-patient clinic in a specialist hospital in Nigeria. A total of 121 patients (40 males and 81 females) who gave their informed consent were recruited into the study from the out-patient clinic, pre-tested semi , structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information of the respondents. The blood pressure of each patient was obtained and anthropometric measurements were done using standard procedures, the data was then analyzed. The result showed that majority (33.1%) of them was traders while 19.8% were civil servants. 21.5% earn above 50,000 naira monthly. Their nutritional status showed that 24.8% were overweight while, 16.5%, 8.3% and 5.8% were mildly obese, moderately obese and morbidly obese respectively. Sex and nutritional status were found to significantly affect blood pressure at P<0.05. Therefore, there is need for health and nutrition campaign to enlighten the populace on how to reduce the risk of hypertension and obesity for a healthy active life.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Blood pressure, Nutritional status

[1]. Azwar, Saifuddin. 2012. Penyusunan Skala Psikologi. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar. hal 89-115
[2]. Bahri Djamarah, Syaiful. 2008. Psikologi Belajar. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta. hal 73
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[4]. Depkes RI dan JICA. 2003. Petunjuk Teknis Penggunaan Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. Jakarta. hal 1 - 57
[5]. Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2008. Pusat Promosi Kesehatan, Panduan Pelatihan Komunikasi Perubahan Perilaku, Untuk KIBBLA, Jakarta.
[6]. Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2008. Pedoman Pelaksanaan KIE Untuk Petugas Kesehatan Di Tingkat Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta
[7]. Departem

Abstract: Academic motivation is crucial to a student's academic success at any age. Guidance programs foster positive attitude towards school learning and work and hence, improve academic achievement. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an academic intervention guidance program on nursing students with low self regard and / or poor academic achievement motivation. Subjects and method: A pre experimental design one group pretest post test was used for this study. This study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing- Assiut University. A quota sample of 610 undergraduate nursing students from all study years who were assessed for self regard and academic achievement motivation as a pre test. Then the program was implemented on 59 students who had both low or moderate self regard and academic achievement. Three tools were used for this study: sociodemographic, self regard and academic achievement motivation scale. The program was implemented from March 2014 to May 2014 (second semester of the academic year 2013/2014.

[1]. M, Fine, A Burns, Y Payne, & M Torre, Civics lessons: The color and class of betrayal. Teachers College Record, 106(11), 2193−2223, doi:10.1111/ j.1467-9620.2004.00433.x.
[2]. J Kozol, The shame of the nation: The restoration of apartheid schooling in America (New York, NY, US: Crown Publishers, 2005).
[3]. R Lapan, Career development across the K-16 years: Bridging the present to satisfying and successful futures. Alexandria, VA, US: American Counseling Association, (2004).
[4]. C Perry, School engagement among urban youth of color: Criterion pattern effects of vocational exploration and racial identity. Journal of Career Development, 34(4),2008 397−422, doi:10.1177/0894845308316293.
[5]. M Ryan, & L Deci, Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55 (1),2000, 68−78, doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
[6]. R Snyder, The past and possible futures of hope. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology Special Issue: Classical Sources of Human Strength: A Psychological Analysis, 19(1),2000, 11−28.

Abstract: India is undoubtedly a multilingual and multicultural country. Hence, it demands the speech language pathologist's to use language specific tests in assessment and diagnosis of various communication disorders. The scenario may exasperate when it comes to the language specific issues in the assessment of articulation disorders due to the unavailability of articulation tests developed abiding the phonological structure for many languages in India. However, sometime using language specific articulation tests to assess all the languages known would be time consuming. Hence it is worth developing a screening tool which can be used as a language independent measure. The current study provides a preliminary attempt to develop a common articulation test for Indian languages specific to Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada and Sanskrit. Initially, test material was developed using 76 Sanskrit words which are common in those languages. A total number of 60 children, with the age range of 3-8 years were involved in the study. The phonemes were embedded in the target words which were recorded in a sound treated room and analyzed. The results are discussed with respect to age of acquisition, pattern of acquisition of speech sounds. Though the test determined the acquisition and error patterns, it further requires careful selection of phonemes with target word, content validation and also sensitivity and specificity measures.

Keywords- Articulation, screening test, multiple languages, preliminary attempt, 3-8 years.

[1] Fey, M. E. (1992). Clinical framework: Basic terms and concepts. Retrieved from http://www.ablongman.com/html/ productinfo/bauman3e/020554925X_ch01.pdf
[2] Nicolosi, L., Harryman, E., & Kresheck, J. (1978). Terminology of communication disorders: Speech, language, hearing. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
[3] Michigan Speech-Language guidelines. (2006). Articulation/ phonology. Retrieved from http://www.misd.net/ seconsult/ articulation.pdf
[4] Bauman-Waengler, J. (2000). Articulatory and phonological impairments: A clinical focus. 4, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
[5] Babu, R. N., Rathna, N. & Bettageri, R. (1972). Test of Articulation in Kannada. Journal of All India Institute of Speech & Hearing, 3, 64-67

Abstract: Goal: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs) in patients with HIV can suppress the virus and stop their replication. When the adherence to treatment is less than desirable, viremia protests will happen and cause increased resistant viral strains, then this lead to failure of treatment. Due to the role and the importance of antiretroviral therapy, adherence stability to antiretroviral therapy in health care centers of Tehran is studied in this research.

[1]. Organization WH. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventingHIV/AIDS. publications: WHO 2013.
[2]. Stephens LL, Swanepoel CC-A, Van Rooyen BA, Abayomi EA. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus,(HIV-1), pandemic: Cellular therapies, stem cells and biobanking. Transfusion and Apheresis Science. 2013 .
[3]. AlinaghiSA S. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants in AIDS patients: review article .Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008;66(7).
[4]. Rezazadeh, M., Mahzari, K., Arezoomandi, M., Khodabakhsh, A. (2010) AIDS education for individuals At risk, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Welfare Organization, Department of Cultural Affairs and Prevention, Specialized media Press, First Edition (In Persian).
[5]. Vriesendorp R, Cohen A, Kristanto P, Vrijens B, Rakesh P, Anand B, et al. Adherence to HAART therapymeasured by electronic monitoring in newly diagnosed HIV patients in Botswana. European journal of clinicalpharmacology. 2007;63(12):1115-21 .
[6]. Wouters E, van Loon F, van Rensburg D, Meulemans H. Community support and disclosure of HIV serostatus2007;38(12):67-100
[7]. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;353(5):487-97 .

Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the knowledge on complications of immobility among the immobilized patients in selected wards at selected hospital. Assessment of level of s knowledge on complications of immobility among the immobilized patients was done by providing questionnaire. Results showed that 50% of the participants were having inadequate knowledge whereas 40%of them were having moderately adequate knowledge followed by 10% of them were having adequate knowledge on complications of immobility. None of the demographic variables had significant association with knowledge on complications of immobility among orthopedic patients. It was found that knowledge on complications of immobilization was inadequate.

Keywords: Immobility, orthopedic wards, immobilized patients, complications.

[1] Akkuzu G, Arslantaş S, Kosker SB, Sen S.(2009) effectiveness of a brochure developed to prevent pressure ulcer Department of Nursing and Health Services, Baskent University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ retrieved on 3/12/2010 at 21.00 hrs.
[2] Ass.Univ. Bull Environ.Res (2010) nurses' knowledge and practices about bed sores prevention and management are inadequate. and the impact of that training on nurses' knowledge and practices as well as on patients' condition in the trauma and Neurology, Intensive Care Units of Assiut University Hospital, www.aun.edu.eg 13/12/2010 at 21.00 hrs.
[3] Barbara M Soule. (1995). Infection prevention and control nursing practice. (1 st edition), Philadelphia: Mosby company. Pp-83-150.
[4] Bosson JLet.al (2003) risk factors, prophylaxis, and prevalence of deep vein thrombosis sub-acute care facilities in Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre HospitalierUniversitaire- of 36 French hospitals retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ retrieved on 20/12/2010 at 21.00 hrs.
[5] Carol Taylor et.al, (2008) .Fundamentals of nursing the art &science of nursing care. (5th edition), Philadelphia: Lippincott company.Pp-720-722.

Abstract: The umbilical cord of every newborn is clamped and cut at birth, yet the optimal timing for this intervention remains controversial The aim was to explore the effects of clamping time on mothers and their full term newborns. The Design a quasi-experimental (time series) was used for this study. Settings: study was conducted at labor & delivery units in El- Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin El-kom Teaching Hospital, and New General Bagour Hospital. The Participants of this study were 100 parturient women and their full term newborns after gaining their acceptance. Tools were: 1st a structured interview questionnaire of socio-demographic data and obstetric history,2nd structured assessment tool for mothers and newborn laboratory outcomes, 3rd Apgar score (Verginia Apgar).The results of the present study revealed statistically significant difference regarding duration of third stage of labor.

[1] Baenziger, O.,McGrath MM, Padbury JF, (2007):. Effect of delayed cord clamping on iron status and increased oxygenation of brain tissue in newborn preemies
[2] World Health Organization,(2009):The prevention and management of post-partum hemorrhage. WHO report of technical working group. Report No. WHO/MCH/90.7. Geneva: WHO.
[3] McDonald S.,(2009) Timing of interventions in the third stage of labour. Early cord clamping. Proceedings of the 12th Annual Congress of the Australian Perinatal Society in conjunction with the New Zealand Perinatal Society; March 22-26; Adelaide, Australia:A12.
[4] WHO. (2012):WHO Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Evidence Base. WHO: Geneva. Available at: www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/9789241548502/en/

Abstract: Depression affects about 20% of women during their lifetime, with pregnancy being a period of high susceptibility. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy ranges from 4% to 20%. Depression during pregnancy is not only the sturdiest risk factor for post-natal depression but also precursor toadverse obstetric outcomes. Aim: to identify the prevalence of depression among Saudi pregnant women &correlate between sociodemographic, medical and psychological history and depression. Methods: the study was conducted at two primary health care units at two hospitals (Al-Yammama& King Saud Medical Complex) at Riyadh city. A convenient subjectsof 316 pregnant women from the 2nd month of pregnancy till 9th. A structured interview questionnaire was developed. It consisted of questions related to socio-demographic aspects&A validated Beck's Depression inventory was used to screen for antenatal depressive symptoms. (December 2013 – March 2014) were screened and approached individually by the researcher.

[1]. Grote NK, Bridge JA & Gavin AR. (2010) A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry ;67:1012–24
[2]. Dossett, E. C. (2008). Perinatal depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 35 (3), 419-434.
[3]. Bansil P. Kuklina E V. Meikle S F. Posner S F. Kourtis A P. Ellington S R. & Jamieson DJ (2010). Maternal and Fetal Outcomes among Women with Depression. Journal of Women Health;19(2):329-334
[4]. Mary Hartley, Mark Tomlinson, Erin Greco, W Scott Comulada, Jacqueline Stewart, Ingrid le Roux, NokwaneleMbewu, &Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus.(2011) Depressed mood in pregnancy: Prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements. Reprod Health. ; 8: 9.
[5]. Shah SM, Bowen A, Afridi I, Nowshad G, Muhajarine N.(2011) Prevalence of antenatal depression: comparison between Pakistani and Canadian women. J Pak Med Assoc. 61(3):242-6.

Abstract: BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY Depression is a serious medical illness which affect a person thoughts, behaviour, feelings and sense of well-being.Recreation therapy enable all individuals to achieve quality of life. Objectives:To assess the pre-test state of well-being among depressive patient. To assess the post-test state of well-being among depressive patient.To compare the pre-test and post-test level of well-being among depressive patients after administration of recreational therapy.To find out the association between the state of well-being and selected demographic variable. Methodology:Research design was pre experimental design one group pre test, post test design was adopted for the study in SreeBalaji Medical College Chennai. Sample size of100 depressive clients were selected by purposive sampling technique.

[1]. AhujaNiraj" A short text book of psychiatric nursing " 5th edition. New Delhi. Jaypee Brothers publication
[2]. American journal of therapeutic recreation association (2009) "An overview of Psychotheraphy"
[3]. Baider.L (2004) Progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery," journal of general hospital psychiatry, volume 16
[4]. Best w. Jhon (2002) Research in Education" New jerseyprentiuhall
[5]. Boyd a. Mary psychiatric nursing contemporary practice" Tokyo.Lippincottwilliams and wilkins company
[6]. Dalipkumar,(2008)" Problem solving as a function of creativity and personality

Abstract: Background: This study focuses on views of patients treated in private psychological clinics for the purpose of evaluating theirperception about the treatment. Purpose : To explore psychological patients' views on treatment in psychological private clinics, to identify the determinants influencing those patients' satisfaction with the service;for the purpose of evaluating the need of government intervention in improving private psychological clinics' environmentin Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Data was collected using questionnaires;a random samplewas usedto select the participants form private clinics;a sample consists of 667 patients from 13 hospitals and clinics,was used to represent Riyadh private hospitals and clinics. A descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data.

[1]. Koenig H. G., Al Zaben F, Sehlo M. G., Khalifa D. A., et al (2014). Mental Health Care in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Psychiatry; 4: 113-130.
[2]. Qureshi, N. A., Habeeb, A. A., & Koenig, H. G. (2013). Mental health system in Saudi Arabia: an overview. Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment, 1121.
[3]. Galletly, C., Bell, S., Burton, C., & Turnbull, C. (2011). Bed accessibility in a private psychiatric hospital. Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin Of Royal Australian And New Zealand College Of Psychiatrists, 19(2), 160-162. doi:10.3109/10398562.2010.540246
[4]. Bjørngaard, J. H., Garratt, A., Gråwe, R. W., Bjertnaes, O. A., & Ruud, T. (2008). Patient experiences with treatment in private practice compared with public mental health services.Scandinavian Journal Of Psychology, 49(4), 385-392. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00658.x
[5]. Fahmida, A., Wahab, M. A., & Rahman, M. M. (2009). Pattern of psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted in a private psychiatric clinic. Bangladesh Journal Of Medical Science, 8(1-2), 23-28.

Abstract:Macrosomia, birth weights greater than 4000g, is said to occurs in about 10% of pregnancies and associated with complications affecting both mother and newborn. It is more common in the infant of the diabetic mother, but does occur in non-diabetic pregnancies. Mortality in this condition is associated with co-existing complications. We describe the case of a term female neonate who was delivered at a weight of 7230g with severe perinatal asphyxia complicated by a necrotising enterocolitis.

Keywords: Macrosomia, IDM, Constitutional.

[1]. Chatfield J. ACOG Issues Guidelines on Fetal Macrosomia. Am Fam Physician. 2001; 64(1): 169-170. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0701/p169.html. Last accessed 8th November 2014.
[2]. Berk MA, Mimouni F, Miodovnik M, Hertzeberg V, Valuck J. Macrosomia in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. Pediatrics 1989; 83(6): 1029-34.
[3]. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Menacker F, Kirmeyer S. Births: final data for 2004. Natl Vital Stat Rep. Sep 29 2006; 55 (1):1-101.
[4]. Okun N, Verma A, Mitchell BF, Flowerdew G. Relative importance of maternal constitutional factors and glucose intolerance of pregnancy in the development of newborn macrosomia. J Matern Fetal Med. Sep-Oct 1997;6(5):285-90.
[5]. Ikeako L, Ezegwui H, Egbuji C. Fetal macrosomia: Obstetric outcome of 311 cases in UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2011. p. 322.

Abstract: Background: Menopausal symptoms can affect women's health and wellbeing. Many women pass through menopause without untoward symptoms . these women remain active and in good health with little interruption of their daily routines. Other women experience vasomotor symptoms, which give rise to sensations of hot flushes, night sweating, headache, insomnia, and irritability. Aim of the study: To assess the menopausal symptoms of women by using the menopausal rating scale in Qena city. Methods and materials: it was a descriptive cross section study was carried out on (250 menopausal women)

[1]. DEMİRCİ H, Ümit İNCEBOZ,1 Hülya, Ferda ÖZBAŞARAN,2 Ayden ÇOBAN, Sevgi NEHİR(2012): factors Affecting the Quality of Life in Climacteric Women in Manisa Region, Trakya Univ Tip Fak Derg 2010;27(2):111-116 • doi: 10.5174/tutfd.2008.01050.2
[2]. Dhillon HK, Singh HJ, Rashidah S, Abdul Manaf H, Nik and Mohd Zaki NM (2006): Prevalence of menopausal symptoms in women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maturitas, 54:213-221.
[3]. Elsayed E and Shokry E(2012): Menopausal symptoms and quality of life among pre/post menopausal women from rural area in Zagazig city,lifesciJ2012;9(2):283291.(IssN:10978135).http://www.lifeesciencesite.com.45.
[4]. Gharaibeh M, Al-Obeisat S, Hattab J (2010): Severity of menopausal symptoms of Jordanian women. Climacteric, 13: (4), 385-394.

Abstract: This study investigates the perception of child bearing women towards male involvement in midwifery practice in Family Support Programme (FSP) Clinic Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Male involvement in midwifery practice is a challenging issue even among health personnel. Two objectives were set to determine the perceptions of childbearing women towards male midwives, and to identify factors that might influence their perception. A descriptive non-probability method was adopted and 137 respondents were used for this study. Self-structured questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection. Results were presented using frequency tables, percentages and pie charts and analyzed with computer Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

1]. O. O. Modupe, and A. N. Chigozie, Quality Issues in Midwifery: A Critical Analysis of Midwifery in Nigeria within the Context of the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) Global Standards. Academic Journal: International Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery. 6(3): 2014, 40-48
[2]. K. D. Schuiling, Findings from Analysis of the American College of Nurse-Midwives' Membership Surveys: 2002-2003. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 50(1). 2005
[3]. T. Morrison (2010), Women prefer having male midwives, web menstuff.org/issues/by
[4]. H.P. Kennedy, D. Erickson-Owens, and J.A.P. Davis, Voices of Diversity in Midwifery: A Qualitative Research Study. J Midwifery Womens Health; 2006. 131-137.
[5]. F. Amstrong, Not Just Women's Business: Men in Nursing, Aust Nurs J. 9 (11) 2002, 24-6
[6]. L. I. Kululanga, J. Sundby, A. Malata,and E. Chirwa,. Male Involvement in Maternity Health Care in Malawi. Afr J Reprod Health. 16(1): 2012, 145-57

Abstract: Originally burnout has been defined as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, that occurs in occupations in which a contact with other people constitutes a major part of the task and can be a source of stress . Different symptoms of burn out can seen in different professions, among those nurses are high – it may be depend on the job specificity (for example among medical staff: being insincere, lying about patients chance of recovery, black humour especially about dying etc...). Burn out can be assessed by using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). It contains three general scales that is-- of emotional exhaustion of personal accomplishment of depersonalization. If the individual is under stressful situation they should remember the Four A's---- Avoid the stressor, Adapt to the stressor, Alter the stressor, Accept the stressor which helps to relieve from stress If the individual is under stress there are 3 R approaches helps to bring some calm back into their life. That is Recognize, Reverse and Resilience.

[1]. Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., & Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nursing staff and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(16), pp. 1987-93.
[2]. Bakker, A. B., Killmer, C. H., Siegrist, J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2000). Effort-reward imbalances and burnout among nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(4), pp. 884-91.
[3]. Edward, K., & Hercelinskyj, G. (2007). Burnout in the caring nurse: learning resilient behaviours. British Journal of Nursing, 16(4), pp. 240-2).
[4]. Erickson, R. J., & Grove, W. J. C. (2007). Why emotions matter: age, agitation, an burnout among registered nurses. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1), Retrieved February 14, 2009, from www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJ.