iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

Abstract: Background: Despite the fact that the advances in medical science have made transplantation of vital human organs possible still in India millions of people lose their lives because adequate numbers of donors are not available. Creating awareness among adolescents can improve their knowledge and change their attitude towards organ donation.

[1]. Annadurai k, Mani K, R. J. (2013). A study on knowledge, attitude and practices about organ donation among college students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. P R Health Science Journal, 3, 2.
[2]. Ballala, K., Shetty, A., & Malpe, S. B. (2011). Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding whole body donation among medical professionals in a hospital in India. Anatomical Sciences Education, 4, 142–150. doi:10.1002/ase.220
[3]. Chung, C. K. Y., Ng, C. W. K., Li, J. Y. C., Sum, K. C. Y., Man, A. H. Y., Chan, S. P. C., Lee, P. P. W. (2008). Attitudes, knowledge, and actions with regard to organ donation among Hong Kong medical students. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 14, 278–285.
[4]. Constantine Mavroudis, Carl L. Backer (2013) Pediatric Cardiac Surgery 4th edition, Wiley-Black Well publication. Page 813-826.
[5]. Cucchetti A1, Zanello M, Bigonzi E, Pellegrini S, Cescon M, Ercolani G, Mazzotti F, P. A. (2012). The use of social networking to explore knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation in Italy. Minerva Anestesiol, 78(10), 1109–16.

Abstract: Background: Adolescence in girls is a turbulent period, which includes stressful events like menarche, considered as a landmark of female puberty. One might expect young girls to react positively to their menarche; however, negative responses such as shame, fear, anxiety and depression are more common. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was used. A sample of 300 female adolescents was conveniently selected to complete self-reported questionnaires.

[1]. WONG'S; Essentials of Pediatrics Nursing; 8th edition; Elsevier Health Sciences: 2009;
[2]. Studies on adolescent girls; An analytical review, National institute of public cooperation and child development 2008:8, 145; Available from:. http://nipccd.nic.in/reports/eag.pdf
[3]. KounteyaSinha, TNN. Apr 26, 2012, 2:39 AM IST, Now girls hit puberty at 10; Available from: articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-26/india/-puberty-girls-hormones. [4]. Progress For Children; A report card on adolescents; 10; April 2012 .p. 6. Available on: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/PFC2012_A_report_card_on_adolescents.pdf [5]. Arun P, Chavan B S. Stress and suicidal ideas in adolescent students in Chandigarh. Indian J Med Sci 2009 July 63(7): 281-287. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-5359.55112] [6]. Dubois D L, Felner R D, Brand S, AdanA M, Evans G E. A Prospective Study of Life Stress, Social Support, and Adaptation In Early Adolescence. Child Development 1992 June; 63(3): 542-557; Available on: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01645.x/abstract

Abstract: The diagnoses of community nursing is a clinical decision on community problems and community in which nurses have the authority to solve it. The recent problems occurs in nursing diagnoses assertion in the area of the community has not been yet formalized, and lack of participants referring to the determination of NANDA. This research aims to arrange mode of data analysis of community and to identify a diagnoses of community nursing referring to NANDA. The research design is a kind of case study, and the population is the villagers of Sumber Pakem Subdistrict of Sumber Jambe, Jember.The sample obtained from the research was 100 families chosen by using proportional random sampling. The data collection was conducted by doing an interview, winshield survey, examination, and document study conducted on May, 4-16 2015. Further, the data analysis was conducted by using qualitative method.

[1]. Rohmah, N. 2015. The Evaluation of The Documentation of Community Nursing Care Proceeding Book. The 1st International Nursing Conference "Evidence Based Practice of Enterpreneur In Pediatric Nursing to Optimize Growth & Development" June 2015 at University of Muhammadiyah Jember. ISBN: 978-602-72494-7-9. p. 69-74. [2]. Hwang, Jee-In , Cimino, James J., and Bakken Suzanne. 2003. Integrating Nursing Diagnostic Concepts into the Medical Entities Dictionary Using the ISO Reference Terminology Model for Nursing Diagnoses. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2003. Jul-Aug; 10(4): 382-388. doi: 10.1197/jamia. M1203. PMCID: PMC181989.
[3]. Tastan Sevinc, Linch Graciele C. F. Keenan Gail M., Stifter Janet, ‟Bathing, Washing, Defecating‟ inney Dawn, Fahey Linda,Lopez Karen Dunn, Yao Yingwei, and Wilkie Diana J., and Werley Harriett H. 2013. Evidence for the Existing American Nurses Association-Recognized Standardized Nursing Terminologies: A Systematic Review. Int J Nurs Stud. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Aug 1. Published in final edited form as: Int J Nurs Stud. 2014 Aug; 51(8): 1160–1170. Published online 2013 Dec 18. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.12.004. PMCID: PMC4095868. NIHMSID: NIHMS590418 [4]. Thoroddsen Asta, Ehrenberg Anna, Sermeus Walter, dan Saranto Kaija, 2012. A survey of nursing documentation, terminologies and standards in European countries. 11 th International Conggress on Nursing Informatic. Montreal Canada.Nurs Inform. 2012; 2012: 406. Published online 2012 Jun 23. PMCID: PMC3799179.
[5]. Rohmah, N. dan Walid, S. (2012). Proses keperawatan, teori dan aplikasi.Arrus Media Jogjakarta.

Abstract: The ability of children to manage their emotions and behaviors and to make meaningful friendships is an important perquisite for school readiness and academically successful. Researchers have documented that children are more likely to spend time without parental supervision at younger ages if their mothers are working, which may in turn harm the children's performance in school and increase their participation in risky behaviors . This study aimed to: Assess child socio- emotional behaviors at primary school age, and determine the difference between child socio- emotional behaviors of employment and unemployment mother. Research design: Across – sectional descriptive study design was utilized.

[1]. Stratton CW, Reid J. Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children: The foundation for early school readiness and success. Incredible year's classroom social skills and problem- solving curriculum. Infant and young children Journal, 2004; 17( 2):96-113
[2]. Shonkoff JP. Technical report: The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics Journal , 2012;129:232-46
[3]. Belsky J. Emanuel Miller lecture: Development Risks (still) Associated with early child care , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 2001;42: 845-59.
[4]. Benn, Rito K. Factors promoting secure attachment relationships between employed mothers and their sons . Child Development. 1986;57: 1224-31
[5]. Heinrich CJ. Parents' employment and children's wellbeing. The future of children Journal. 2014;24(1):121-146
[6]. Crouter C. Linking parents' work pressure and adolescents' wellbeing: Insight into dynamic in dual - earner families. Development Psychology Journal. 1999; 35: 1453-61

Abstract:Background:The abuse of alcohol becomes more prevalent and it takes an increasingly heavy physical, emotional and economic toll on society. WHO global status report on alcohol and health stated that harmful use of alcohol results in the death of 2.5 million people annually. Aim: The main aim of the present study was toassess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on reduction of stress among alcohol dependents in Bharat MathaDE addiction Centre, Ariyankuppam, Puducherry.

[1]. Peer M, Rayappan KH. Alcoholism and the family. Study of Deaddictionprogramme. 1st ed. Mangalore: Manjunath Publishers; 1996.page:54-56.
[2]. Parsons T. Alcoholism and its effects on the family. All Psych J. 2003; 12(14):17.
[3]. Shetty KS. Alcohol, alcoholism, addiction and DE addiction. 1st ed. Mangalore: Prajna Publishers; 1998.
[4]. Townsend MC. Psychiatric mental health nursing: concepts of care in evidence-based practice. 5th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Publishers; 2007.

Abstract: Background:Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological and social change. For older adults, depression can come from chronic illness, disability, loss of spouse, worries for being dependent and due to institutionalization. Some studies report that perhaps as many as 25% of women and 15% of men have experienced a depressive disorder of some sort at some time in their lives (Michigan Depression Centre, The University of Michigan Health System)

[1]. Bowker LK, Price J.D et.al (2006).Oxford Handbook of Geriatric Medicine.Reprint edition. New York: Elsevier Publications.
[2]. S.J. Pathy, Alan J. Sinclair. (2006). Principles and practice of Geriatric medicine. 5th edition, USA: Wiley Publishers.
[3]. Jarvik LF et.al (2000). Geriatric Psychiatry; Introduction Comprehensive Text Book of Psychiatry.7th edition, Lippincott.
[4]. Kaplan &sadock. (2005). Comprehensive text book of psychiatry. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams and wilkins publication.
[5]. Michael Gelder, E. (2002).Oxford textbook of psychiatry. Oxford university press.

Abstract: Aromatherapy is the therapeutic applications of oil originating from various parts of herbal plants. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy in first stage of labour with 30 experimental & 30 control groups of total 60 expectant mothers during first stage of labour. The research was a quasi experimental design after pilot study, the main study was performed with 10ml warm olive oil was back massaged for 10 min and scored the labour pain along with the socio-demographic variables were noted. There was significant difference between the labour pain level among first stage labour mothers in both experimental and control group after the application of aromatherapy to experimental group.

[1]. Thomas DV. Aromatherapy: mythical, magical, or medicinal? Holist Nurs Pract. 2002 Oct; 16 (5):8-16. [2]. Tisserand, R., & Young, R. Essential oil safety. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone.2013. [3]. Buckle, J. Clinical aromatherapy: Essential oils in practice (2nd ed.).London, England: Churchill Livingstone.2003.
[4]. Buckle, J. Literature review: should nursing take aromatherapy more seriously? British Journal of Nursing, 2007: 16 (2), 116-120.
[5]. Burns, E., Zobbi, V., Panzeri, D., Oskrochi, R., & Regalia, A. Aromatherapy in childbirth: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2007; 114, 838-844.

Abstract: The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of labor companionship model at Mansoura University Hospital. Study design: A descriptive study was carried out in labor unit at Mansoura University Hospital. Study sample involved all health care providers and 50 parturient women using simple random sample for parturient women and convenient sample for health care providers. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used for data collection; a structured interview questionnaire to assess woman's general characteristics and semi structured interview questionnaire to assess feasibility and acceptability of labor companionship model from women and health care provider's point of views.

[1]. Alexander L., LaRosa J., Bader H., Garfield S., and Alexander W., (2014): New Dimensions in Women's Health.6th edn. United State of America, Jones and Bartlett Learning LLC Co, pp. 165,167-169.
[2]. Backstrom C., and Wahn E.,(2009):Support during labor :first time fathers' descriptions of requested and received support during the birth of their child. Midwifery,doi:10.1016/jmidwiv.2009.07.001.
[3]. Banda G., Kafulafula G., and Nyirenda E ., et al.,(2010) : Acceptability and experience of supportive companionship during childbirthinMalawi.BJOG,117(8):pp.937-945.
[4]. Bruggemann O., Parpinelli M., Osis M., and Cecatti J., (2010): Support to woman by a companion of her choice during childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive Health.4 (5):1-7. Retrieved from http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/4/1/5 on 2013. [5]. Campbell O., and Graham W., (2006): Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on what works. lancet 2006;363:pp.1284-1299.

Abstract: Background: Hand hygiene, defined as any kind of hand washing with water, soap, and alcohol hand rub, is considered as one of the cheapest and most effective methods to prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections in healthcare settings. Aim of this study: The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness teaching modules about hand hygiene on staff knowledge, compliance and controlling health care related infection rate. Research design: Quasi- experimental design was used in the present study. Setting: The study was conducted in general and special Surgical Departments at Mansoura University Hospitals.

[1]. Pittet D. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 2000; 21: 381-386.
[2]. Ankur Gupta online medical publication on May 17, 2011-Hospital hand washing compliance improved using a mobile app, available in http://www.imedicalapps.com/hospital-hand-washing-compliance-mobil-.
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (advanced draft). Global Patient Safety Challenge 2005-2006: Clean Care Is Safer Care. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2006.
[4]. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (revised Aug 2009). First Global Patient Safety Challenge: Clean Care Is Safer Care. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2009.
[5]. Girou E, Loyeau S, Legrand P, Oppein F, Brun-Buisson C. Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based solution versus standard handwashing with antiseptic soap: randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2002; 325:362

Abstract: A mental image can be defined as "a thought with sensory qualities." It is something we mentally see, hear, taste, smell, touch, or feel. The term "guided imagery" refers to a wide variety of techniques, including simple visualization and direct suggestion using imagery, metaphor and story-telling, fantasy exploration and game playing, dream interpretation, drawing, and active imagination where elements of the unconscious are invited to appear as images that can communicate with the conscious mind.

[1]. A Wells, G Matthews Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective 1995. [2]. Bowling A, Windsor J, Towards the good life: A popular mental imagery perspective – 2009. [3]. Frisch MB, Cornell J: Clinical Validation of the Quality of Life Inventory. A psycho assesses – 2008.
[4]. Holmes S. Assessing the quality of life – reality or impossible dream? A discussion paper. Int J Nurs Stud – 2005.
[5]. Pavot W, Diener E. Review of the Satisfaction with life Scale. Psycho assesses – 2006.
[6]. Brendz M. The first year of rehabilitation after a stroke. Journal of clinical nursing – 2007
[7]. Oleson M. Subjectively perceived mental imagery life. Image J Nurs Sch – 2010.

Abstract: Objective: Traction is found to be effective in treating neck pain in Cervical Spondylosis. This study compares the effectiveness of Manual Mulligan traction (MT) with intermittent electric Traction (IET) in subjects having Cervical Spondylosis (CS). Purpose of study: Insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of manual therapy and exercise for patients having neck disorders with radicular symptoms. There were no studies which compared manual mulligan traction with electric traction.

[1]. The epidemiology of neck pain -D.G. Hoy a,*, M. Protani a, R. Dea, R. Buchbinder b 2011
[2]. Peter R. Crofta,*, Martyn Lewisa, Ann C. Papageorgioub, Elaine Thomasa, Malcolm I.V. Jayso may 2001
[3]. The Efficacy of Traction for Back and Neck Pain:A Systematic, Blinded Review of Randomized Clinical Trial Methods.Geert JMG
[4]. van derHeijden,Anna JHM Beurskens,Bart W Koes,Willem JJ Assendem,Henrica CW de VetLex M Bouter 1995
[5]. The Effectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy and Exercise for Mechanical Neck Pain Michael J. Walker2008 M.Dena Gardiner
[6]. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/324694-overview#aw2aab6b4
[7]. Traction angle and cervical intervertebral separation – Alice Wong et all
[8]. Intermittent cervical traction for cervical radiculopathy caused by large volume herniated disc- Constantine Constantoyannis, MD,a,b

Abstract: Background: Oligohydramnios is a threatening condition to maternal and fetal health. It is a clinical condition characterized by amniotic fluid index (AFI) of ≤ 5cm or less by sonographic assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in parturient women with oligohydramnios versus others with normal amniotic fluid, and to suggest plan of action in management of oligohydramnios women. A prospective, descriptive study was conducted at the labor ward of Maternity and Childhood Hospital at Zagazig University Hospitals during the period between 1/2/2014 and 30/8/2014. The study comprised a purposive sample of 200 parturient women regardless of age, parity or labor condition. Women were assigned to 100 women suffered from oligohydramnios .

[1]. Ahmad, H., Munim, S. (2009). Isolated oligohydramnios is not an indicator for adverse perinatal outcome. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,59(10), 691-4.
[2]. Alchalabi Haifa A., Basil R. Obeidat, Mohammed F. Jallad, Yousef S. Khader, (2006): Induction of labor and perinatal outcome: The impact of the amniotic fluid index; European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 129 (2006) 124– 127.
[3]. Bachhav A. Ashok, Waikar M R (2013): Low amniotic fluid index at term as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013; Vol2, Issue 38, September 23; Page:7221-7226.
[4]. Baxter JK, et al, (2011): Oligohydramnios Imaging, Medscape, Oct 2012. Beall MH, et al., (2007): Regulation of amniotic fluid volume. Placenta; 28(8-9):824-32. Epub 2007 Feb 5.PMID:17303237.
[5]. Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, et al., (2000): Pregnancy outcomes after antepartum diagnosis of oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks' gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:909-12.
[6]. Chandra PC, Schiavello HJ, Lewandowski MA (2000): Effect or oral and intra venous hydration on oligohydramnios. J Repord Med. 2000; 45:337-40.

Abstract: Curriculum is defined as, "All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside of school" (1). To develop or revise nursing curriculum is a difficult task and requires a thorough knowledge of the curriculum development process. The faculty and curriculum committee members need a proper direction right from planning, implementation and monitoring of the curricular exercise. The curriculum development reflects the future of nursing education, changing trends in healthcare system and expectation of stake holders. The nursing faculties involved in curriculum development process spend a lot of time in thinking how to analyze and organize in writing a new curriculum. The pathway to curriculum revision and development still remains as an unknown lane. This article would help the novice curriculum developers with guidelines to develop a comprehensive nursing curriculum. It mainly focuses on curriculum development institutional level.

[1]. Kelly, A. V. (2009). The curriculum: Theory and practice (pp. 1–55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
[2]. WHO-Global Standards for the initial education of professional nurses and midwives 2009. (WHO/HRH/HPN/08.6)
[3]. International Council of Nurses. Project Communiqué for the Global Nursing Review Initiative: Policy Options & Solutions, 2005.
[4]. Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools. Building Global Alliances III: The Impact of Global Nurse Migration on Health Service Delivery. Philadelphia, CGFNS, 2007.
[5]. WHO Nursing and Midwifery Progress Report, 2008–2012.
[6]. Levin, B. (2007). Curriculum for the 21st century: Does curriculum matter? Education Services Australia.
[7]. BennerP,TannerC,Chesla ,C. (2009). Expertise in Nursing Practice. Second edition. Caring , Clinical Judgement and Ethics. Springer Publishing Company.

Abstract: Background: The ovulatory menstrual cycle is affected on multiple levels in women with advanced renal disease: Menstrual irregularities, sexual dysfunction and infertility. Aim of the study: this study was designed forevaluation of gynecological problems among hemodialysis women. Research questions: what are gynecological problems among hemodialysis women? Doesgynecological problems affected by hemodialysis? Design of the study: adescriptive study.

[1]. Afifi A., (2008): the Egyptian kidney foundation: annual report of renal replacement therapy in Egypt. Adherence Scale. PloS One, 8(4),e62775. doi:10.1371/journal. pone. 0062775.
[2]. An-Shine Chao et al., (2002): Pregnancy in women who undergo long-term hemodialysis.
[3]. Arogundade FA., Abd-Essamie MA. &Barsoum RS., (2005): Saudi J Kidney DisTranspl.;(16): P.311-320.
[4]. Badheeb M.A. (2006): causes of chronic renal failure in hemodialysis unit; a single center experience in Yemen. Collage of medicine, university of hadhramout for science and technology. Saudi j kidney dis transplant. Vol 17 (1), p. 66-69.
[5]. Cicolini G., Palma E., Siminetta C., & Di Nicola M., (2012): Influence of family careers on hemodialyzed patients adherence to dietary and fluid restrictions: An observational study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(11):P 2410- 2417.
[6]. Crosignani PG. et al., (2013): Overweight and obese anovulatory patients with polycystic ovaries: parallel improvements in anthropometric indices, ovarian physiology and fertility rate induced by diet. Human Reproduction 18(9).

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to formulate recommendations on improving the patient visits the Primary Level Health Facilities in Banyuwangi in East Java is based on the analysis of brand equity. This study was an observational study with a design of the data shortly. The location study was conducted in Banyuwangi. Collecting data using questionnaires distributed to the service user respondents in Primary Level Health Facilities were hospitalized with the number of respondents, 134 respondents. The results based on brand equity analysis showed that the association of the brand image is the Primary Level Health Facilities service procedure easy, fast service, fare less affordable and less environmental comfort.

[1]. Durianto D, Sugiarto, Budiman L J, 2004, Brand Equity Ten, Startegi Memimpin Pasar, PT Gramedia Pustaka Umum, Jakarta
[2]. Dewi IJ, Sulianta F, 2009, Creating & Sustainingf Brand Equity, Aspek Manajerial dan Akademis Dari Branding, Amara Books, Yogyakarta
[3]. Felicia Christiana 2012, Evaluation of the Successfulness of A Green Program through
[4]. Customer Perceived Quality and Customer Satisfaction, Jurnal manajemen dan kewirausahaan, vol.14, no. 1, maret 2012: 56-63.
[5]. Heding T, Knutdtzen CF, Bjerre M, 2008, Brand Manajement, Teory Research, And Praktice, Routledge Taylorano Francis Group, London And New York
[6]. Kartajaya H, 2006, The Official Academy Coursebook, Brand Operation, Esensi Erlangga Group, Jakarta

Abstract: Effects of ethanol leaf-extract of Annona muricata on liver enzymes were investigated in albino rats using spectrophotometric methods. Sixteen albino rats were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of four rats each. The animals in groups A, B, C and D were administered ethanol leaf-extract of Annona muricata through oral intubation at the doses of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, 600mg/kg, and 0mg/kg respectively for fourteen days. The alkaline phosphatase activities (u/l) recorded 45.00+1.49, 42.00+1.45, 39.00+1.40 and 57.00+1.52 for animals in groups A, B, C and D respectively with corresponding activities (u/l) of aspartate aminotransferase as 65.00+1.95, 60.00+1.85, 50.00+1.80 and 80.00+2.85. The alanine aminotransferase activities (u/l) recorded 24.00+0.45, 22.00+0.40, 18.00+0.35 and 25.00+0.50 for the animals in groups A, B, C and D respectively. Results revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of the animals that received the ethanol leaf-extract of Annona muricata. Thus ethanol leaf-extract of Annona muricata could be hepato-protective.

[1]. Akah, P. E., Okolo, C. E., and Ezike, A. E. (2009). The Haematinic activity of the Methanol leaf Extract of Brillantasia nitens Lindau (Acanthaceae) in rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(10): 2389-2393.
[2]. Begum, S. Hassan, S. I., Shahee, F. and Siddiqui, B. S. (2012). Triterpenoids from the leaves of Annona muricata. Phytochemistry, 61(4): 399-403.
[3]. Evans, P. (2011). Annona muricata classification Plantation forestry in the tropics.5th edition, Clarendon press, Oxford, UK. 472-474.
[4]. Ezejindu, D. U., Udemezue, O. O., Ckukwukekwu, I. E and Nwajagu, G. I. (2014). The effects of ethanolic leaf-extract of Annona muricata on liver enzymes of adult Wister rats. Unique research Journal, 2(5): 84-81.
[5]. Fabio, C. T. and Luigi, R. (2007). Biochemistry effects on Liver and Kidney of rats administered aqueous stem bark extract of Xemenia americana. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (19): 234-237.
[6]. Korkina, V. J, Roy, K. C. and Asad, M. (2013). Hepatoproetctive activity of Annona muricata leaf-extract. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 44(8): 305-311.
[7]. Mathew, S. and Abraham, T. (2010). In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food Chemistry in Toxicology, 44: 198-206.
[8]. Nwogu, L. A., Igwe, C. U. and Emejulu, A. A. (2010). Effects of Landolphia owariensis on the Liver function profile and haemoglobin concentration of albino rats. African Journal of Biochemistry Research, 2(12): 240-242.

Abstract: Medicinal plants have been shown to contain chemical compounds that are toxic to body organs. Thus, this research investigated the effects of aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Revisio generun on the prostrate in albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were grouped into five (A, B, C, D and E), each consisting of four rats. The animals in groups A, B, C and D were administered orally with aqueous extract of Revisio generum with doses 250, 350, 450 and 550mg/kg body weight respectively for seven consecutive days while group E which served as the control was given distilled water and feed only. There was decrease in physical activites in the treated animals compared with the control. The average body weight decreased in the test groups while the control group gained weight .There was a significant increase (P<0.005) in acid phosphatase activity in the treated animals when compared with the control. These observations were found to be dose dependent. The result gotten from this research reveals that the sample may cause harmful effects to the prostate gland as indicated by increase level of acid phosphatase.

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Abstract: Effects of ethanol leaf-extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides on some haematological parameters were investigated in rats using spectrophotometric and centrifugation methods. Sixteen Wister albino rats were grouped into four (A, B, C and D). Groups A, B, C and D were administered the extract through oral intubation at the doses (mg/kg body weight) of 0, 200, 400 and 600 respectively for two weeks. The blood samples were collected on the fifteen day following the last day of administration. The Haemoglobin (Hb) levels (g/dl) recorded 12.30± 0.69, 14.17± 1.25, 15.63± 1.19 and 15.07±0.93 for the animals in groups A, B, C and D respectively with corresponding levels (%) of packed cell volume (PCV) as 35.67± 2.08, 43.00 ± 1.61, 43.3± 1.53 and 45.00± 1.65. Platelet (PLT) levels (x109/l) recorded 211.60±5.09, 347.67± 3.91, 364.6 ± 5.15 and 435±5.86 for groups A, B, C and D respectively. Hence, the results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and platelets.

[1]. Aderemi, F. A. (2004). Effects of replacement of wheat bran with cassava root sieviate supplemented or unsupplemented with enzyme on the haematology and serum biochemistry of pullet chicks. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7, 147-153.
[2]. Afolabi, K. D., Akinsoyinu, A. O., Olajide, R., and Akinleye, S. B. (2010).
[3]. Haematological parameters of the Nigerian local grower chickens fed varying dietary levels of palm kernel cake. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Science Review And Research.
[4]. Ajayi,I.A., Oladeji, O.S. And Aghanu, V,N. (2010). Short-Term Toxicological Evaluation Of Pterocarpus Santalinoides In Albino Rats. Food Science And Quality Management, 16:10-11
[5]. Amaechi, N.C. (2009): Nutritive and Anti – Nutritive Evaluation of wonderful Kola Seeds. Pakistan journal of Nutrition ,8 (8): 1120- 1122.
[6]. Amole, O. O., Izegbu, M. C., Onakoya, J. A. A. and Dada, M. O. (2006). Toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina. Journal of Biomedical Rresearch, 17: 39 – 40.
[7]. Anowi, C. F., Okonkwo, C., Agbata, C.A. and Ezeoka, E. (2012). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Antipyretic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides (Fabaceae).International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 1 (6): 343-346
[8]. Barcellos L.J.G, Kreutz L.C, Rodrigues L.B, Fioreze I, Quevedo R.M, Cericato L, Conrad J, Soso A.B, Fagundes M, Lacerda L.A, and Terra S. (2003). Haematological and biochemical characteristics of male jundiá (RhamdiaQuelen, Quoy andGaimaRDT, Pimelodidae): changes after acute stress. Aquaculture Research. 34: 1465–1469.

Abstract: Women responses to pain during child birth might be different. Some women cried, some would shout, while some were observed to be quite, calm and responding to midwives' instructions. The aim of this study was to examine perception of pain and factors influencing pain response among parturients. Study would provide information regarding the needs of women for providing efficient care and support in labour. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional in nature in which 51 questionnaires were distributed to the women, 46 completed were collected, data analyzed and presented in descriptive form. Findings suggest that majority of women experienced mild to moderate pain in labour.

[1]. Andrea, A. (2008). The pain of labour Australia, Ace Graphics [2]. Goodman, P, Mackey M. & Javokot, A (2008). Factors related to child birth satisfaction. L Adv. Nurs. 6(2):212-219. [3]. Kabeyamak, M. (2007). Longitudinal study of the intensive of memorize labour pain. International Journal of Nursing Practice (2):46-53. [4]. Kitzinger, S (2007). Some cultural perspective of birth. British Journal of midwifery 8(12):746-780. [5]. Kuti, O & Faponle A (2006). Perception of labour pain among Yoruba ethnic group in Nigeria. Journal of obstetric and gynaecology 26(4)332-334 [6]. McCrea B. (2008). Satisfaction in childbirth and perception of personal control in pain relief during labor. J. Adv. Nurs. 29(4):877-878.

Abstract: Hip surgeries such as total joint replacement require the surgeon to open the hip joint capsule and cut some of the ligaments around the hip joint. Until these ligaments heal, the hip is at risk of dislocating. You need to follow special precautions about hip positions and movements to avoid after surgery in order to keep the hip safe. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of implementing nursing care protocol on total hip replacement patients outcome in Orthopedic Department At Tanta University Hospital.The sample comprised from Patients and nurses .A) convenience sample of 60 Adults ,hip replacement patients divided into three groups .Group I: 20 Adults , this group was managed by the routine hospital care. Group II: 20 Adults total, hip replacement patients was managed by the protocol of care.

1]. Wiktor U, Artur k, Szymon L, Mirosław k, Szymon f.(2012); Influence of cementless cup surface on stability and bone fixation 2 years after total hip arthroplasty, Department and Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Poland.Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics,Vol. 14, No. 2,:10.5277/ abb120204.
[2]. Gamal M. Adel A. Abdel Aziz A and Ibrahem A.(2012);Gentamicin, Salicylate and Their Combinations as Anti-Infective Coating of Orthopedic Implants ,International Journal of Pharmaceuticals Vol. 02, Issue 06, pp. 148-154.
[3]. Berton C, Girard J, Krantz N, Migaud H. (2010);The Durom large diameter head acetabularcomponent: Early results with a large-diameter metal-on-metal bearing. J Bone JointSurg Br. 92: 202-208.
[4]. Mak M, Jin Z, Fisher J, Stewart TD.(2011); Influence of acetabular cup rim design on the contact stress during edge loading in ceramic-on-ceramic hip prostheses. J Arthroplasty 2011. 26: 131-136
[5]. Elkins J, Kruger K, Pedersen R, Callaghan J, Brown T.(2012) ;Edge-loading severity as a function of cup lip radius in metal-on-metal total hips - A finite elementanalysis. J Orthop Res. 30: 169-177.

Abstract: Objectives: The present study aims to: (1) evaluate aggressive behavioral signs among sample of preschool children. (2) find out the relationships between aggressive behavior signs and some of socio-demographic variables for those preschooler and their parents. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study that carried out from November, 2013 to May, 2014. The study has been conducted in six kindergartens selected purposively in Baghdad, three governmental and three nongovernmental kindergarten distributed on both sides of Baghdad; Al-Kharh sector and Al-Rusafa sector. The sample of the study include 104 preschooler which are selected purposively (non-probability sample). The self-administrative questionnaire (supervisor's version) is adopted and modified as an instrument of this study.

[1] R. Findling Treatment of Aggression in Children, Primary Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 5(6), 2003, 5.
[2] J. M. Ostrov& N. R. Crick, Forms and Functions of Aggression During Early Childhood: A Short-term Longitudinal Study. School Psychology Review, 36(1),2007, 22-43.
[3] L.R.A. Alink, J. Mesman, J. van Zeijl, M.N. Stolk, F. Juffer, H.M. Koot, M.J. Bakermans-Kranenburg & M.H. van Ijzendoorn, The Early Childhood Aggression Curve: Development of Physical Aggression in 10- to 50-month-old Children. Child Development, 77, 2006, 954–966.
[4] S.B. Campbell, Behavior problems in preschool children: Clinical and Developmental Issues. New York: Guilford Press, 2002.
[5] J. Archer & S. M. Coyne, An Integrated Review of Indirect, Relational, and Social Aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 2005, 212-230.
[6] E. L. Young, A. E. Boye & D. A. Nelson, Relational Aggression: Understanding, Identifying, and Responding in Schools. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 2006, 297-312.

Abstract: Background: Good nutrition is essential for attainment of normal growth and development of children. We cannot hope for a healthy future for India with such a large number of malnourished children. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of pre-school children attending anganwadi centres of urban and rural areas. Materials and Methods: Non experimental research approach with descriptive and comparative research design. Simple random sampling technique used to select the sample size of 100 pre-school children nutritional status assessed by anthropometric measurements and clinical signs check list. The urban and rural areas children were assessed and compared.

[1]. Swaminathan, M., Nutrition of pre-school children - Principles of Nutrition and Dietetics, (2nd Edition) Bappco company, Bangalore: 1990, 255-58, 316-23.
[2]. Wong's., Nutritional assessment - Nursing care of Infants and children, 7th edition, Mosby company, Missouri: 2002, 1692.
[3]. Varadarajan., Reference body weights of Indians - Nutrient requirements and recommended daily allowances for Indians, National institute of nutrition, Hyderabad : 2002, 1-3, 6-10, 83.
[4]. Park, K., Nutrition and health - Preventive and social medicine, 18th Edition, Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur: 2005, 405-451.
[5]. Jacob Anthikad., Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses, Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi: 2014, 272-75.
[6]. UNICEF, Child Mortality Estimate Report, 2012.
[7]. Marlow,R., Dorothy and Redding, A. Barbara., Nutritional assessment - Text book of Pediatric nursing (6th Edition) W.B. Saunders company , London: 1998, 209-211.

Abstract: As a result of increasing incidence of coronary artery diseases (CAD), the use of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has increased. But it still remains that CABG surgery is not a cure for CAD. Many factors are considered to effect the physical aspect in patient's life as an impact of the surgery. Objective: The study aims to assess the patient's physical aspects related to coronary artery diseases and to find out the relationship between patients' physical aspects and their certain demographic characteristics such as ( age, gender, marital status, and smoking).

[1]. Ong ATL, and Serruys PW. : Complete Revascularization; Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Circulation Research, 114(1), 2006, 249- 255.

[2]. Levine G N., Cardiology Secrets (Philadelphia, Mosby Inc., 2010).

[3]. Voldaver Z., Robert FW., and Daniel J G., Coronary Heart Disease: Clinical Pathological, Imaging and Molecular Profiles (New York, Springer Companies, 2012.

[4]. Hawkes A L., Nowak M., and Speare R. : Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, Vascular Health and Risk Management Journal, 2(4), 2006, 477-484.

[5]. Pertti Loponen, Micheal Luther, Juha Nissinen. et al.,: EuroSCORE Predicts Health-related Quality of Life After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Journal, 7(1), 2008, 564- 568.

[6]. Smeltzer S C., Bare B., and Hinkle J L. et al., Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical - Surgical Nursing(Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Company, 2010).