iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

Abstract:Genetic counseling is "the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease." This process includes collecting and interpreting the family and medical history, risk assessment, a comprehensive educational process for potential genetic testing, informed consent, and psychosocial assessment and support.1 The aims of this review is to spot the light on genetic counseling services in Saudi Arabia, exploring the cultural perspective and attitude toward genetic counseling, investigate factors hinder genetic counseling and discuss the nurses role in genetic counseling.

[1]. Resta R, Biesecker BB, Bennett RL, Blum S, Hahn SE, Strecker MN, Williams JL. A new definition of Genetic Counselling:
National Society of Genetic Counsellors' Task Force report. National Society of Genetic Counsellors' Definition Task Force, J
Genet Couns. 2006 Apr; 15(2):77-83
[2]. Qari AA1, Balobaid AS, Rawashdeh RR, Al-Sayed MD. The development of genetic counseling services and training program in
Saudi Arabia. J Genet Couns. 2013 Dec;22(6):835-8. doi: 10.1007/s10897-013-9645-8. Epub 2013 Sep 14.
[3]. Onuoha .Philosophical assessment of the practicability of new genetics .Journal of integrative humanism – Ghana march, 2014 issn:
2026-6286
[4]. Pyeritz RE .Review the family history: the first genetic test, and still useful after all those years? Genet Med. 2012 Jan; 14(1):3-9.
[5]. Aida I Al-Aqeel. Common genetics and metabolic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 2004; vol. 6
(6).
[6]. El-Hazmi MAF, Jabbar FA, Al-Faleh FZ, Al-Swailem AR, Warsy AS. The Haematological, Biochemical and Clinical Presentation
of Haemoglobin S in Saudi Arabia (ii) Biochemical Expression. Saudi Med J 1987; 9: 66-71.

Abstract: The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing educational program upon nurse s' knowledge and practices concerning chemotherapy precautions. Methodology: Quiz experimental study was carried out at Al Amal National Hospital for Management Cancer from 1ST August 2010 to 29th march 2012. The program and instruments were constructed by the researcher for the purpose of the study. Purposive random sample comprised of (40) nurses was divided into two groups, study group consisted of (20) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (20) nurses were not exposed to the program. The measurement of effectiveness of nursing educational program through the nurse s' knowledge questionnaire includes (20) multiple choice questions and observational checklist includes 32 items of nurse's practices which include 3 domains; preparation& handling, administration of chemotherapy and disposal of chemotherapy drugs waste.

[1] World Health Organization( WHO) :cancer Fact sheet2014 .available on http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/

[2] Al-Magid,A., Alaa Aldeen,S, Mohammed,S., Abd Elatef,Z.:Nursing care standards for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Am Sci. 2012; 8(5):108-120

[3] Ministry of Health. Iraqi cancer registry, Al Amal Hospital, 2014.
[4] Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology/Association Canadienne des Infirmieres en Oncologie (CANO\ACIO). (n.d.). Rationale for Standards of Care. Retrieved August 20, 2010from www.cano-acio.ca.

[5] CANO/ACIO. (2010). Position Statement for Cancer Chemotherapy Nursing Practice, p.1. Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada

[6] Polovich, M. "Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs". Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. (September 30, 2004). Vol. 9 No. 3, Manuscript 5

[7] Polovich, Martha and Clark, Patricia C., "Nurses' Use of Hazardous Drug Safe Handling Precautions." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2010.

Abstract:End of life care is an emerging nursing specialty and is developing a dedicated spot in the field of pediatrics. As a specialty, End of life care focuses on quality of life and symptom management for patients who are living with chronic and life-threatening diseases. In pediatrics, advances in health care mean that many children are living longer with these conditions and could benefit from services that focus on quality of life and superior symptom management. Palliative care can be provided concurrently with curative therapies and is philosophically similar yet distinct from hospice services.

[1] World Health Organization (WHO: WHO definition of palliative care. Retrieved, 2015, February 19, from http://www.who.int/cancer/ palliative/definition/en.
[2] Global Health Estimates. Causes of Death. (2013); World Health Organization, 2013,. www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en.
[3] American Academy of Pediatrics :Section on Hospice and Palliative Medicine and Committee on Hospital Care. Pediatric Palliative Care and Hospice Care Commitments, Guidelines and Recommendations. Pediatrics 132:966-972.
[4] Center to Advance Palliative Care: Sample job description: pediatric palliative care advanced practice nurse; 2012 Available from: http://www.capc.org. Accessed January 13.
[5] World Health Organization (WHO). : The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science Medicine,1995 46, 1569–1585.

Abstract: Incontinence-associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a serious and common problem that must be addressed in acute care settings. Aim: to examine the effect of skin intervention protocol on incontinence-associated dermatitis among patients with fecal incontinent. Methods: Quazi- experimental design was utilized. A convenience sample of 60 adults patients. Patients were divided randomly and equally into two groups (30 patients each) control group, received the routine hospital skin care and the study group, received the skin intervention protocol. Twenty patients were dropped from the study from both groups. The final sample was 40 patients (20 patients for each group). The study was conducted in medical and surgical departments at one of the Ministry of Health Hospitals at Center region in Saudi Arabia. Four tools were used to collect data, a demographic and clinical characteristics data sheet, The Perineal Assessment Tool (PAT), The Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis and Its Severity Instrument (IADS) and Skin intervention protocol.

[1]. Beldon, P., The latest advances in skin protection, Moisture lesions supplement, Wounds UK, London, 8(2), (2012), 517-519. [2]. Qusey, K., A look at latest research on moisture lesions and incontinence-associated dermatitis, Moisture lesions supplement, Wounds UK. London, 8(2), (2012), S3. [3]. Park, K.H. & Keum, S.K., Effect of a structured skin care regimen on patients with fecal incontinence, J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs., 41(2), 2014, 161-167. [4]. Beeckman, D., Defloor, T., Verhaeghe, s., Katrien, V., Liesbet, D. & Schoonhoven, L., What is the most effective method of preventing and treating incontinence associated dermatitis? Nursing Times, 106(38), (2010), 1-6.
[5]. Razor, BR., Buckley, B., Quiambao, P., Dofitas, R., Baltazar,W., Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) study: Blinded assessment and treatment with zinc oxide-based ointment, WCET Journal, 34(4), (2014), 13-23. Available at: www.wcetn.com. [6]. Garcia BC., Binks R., De Luca, E., Dierkes, C., Franci A., Gallart E., Niederalt G., Wyncoll D., Prevalence, management and clinical challenges associated with acute faecal incontinence in the ICU and critical care settings: The FIRST™ cross sectional descriptive study, Intensive Critical Care Nursing, 28(4), (2012), 242–50.

Abstract: Background: Students' awareness about first aid and basic life support constitute of life saving and protection form injuries. As injuries remain a threat to school students particularly in industrial secondary schools, therefore first aid and basic life support are important for them to be able to deal properly with these injuries. Aim of the study: was to assess the effect of training program on students 'knowledge and practice regarding first aid and basic life support in industrial secondary schools. Material and methods: The study used a quasi experimental design to collect data from two selected industrial secondary schools that representing the two educational sectors at Tanta City, Elgharbia Governorate, which named; the textile and mechanical secondary school.

[1]. World Health Organization. Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention: A WHO Plan of Action 2006-2015. Erişim Adresi: http:// whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241593385_eng.pdf. [Erişim Tarihi: 29.04; 2013: p 3.
[2]. Fahmy N.M.M., Effect of Training Program on Practices of First Aid Among Teachers Working in Primary Schools at Tanta City, Doctoral Degree, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta university, Community Health Nursing; 2011: p5, 85.
[3]. Johnson K.A., Ruppe J.A., Jab Safety Program for Construction Workers Designed to Reduce the Potential for Occupational Injury Using Tool Box Training Sessions and Computer-Assisted Biofeedback Stress Management Techniques, Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 2002; (8): pp9-321.
[4]. Peksen Y., Dabak S., The Role of Personal Protectors and Training in Industrial Injuries. I.V.National Community Health Congress (In. Turkey); 1994: pp 477-9.
[5]. Thein M.M., Lee B.W., Bun P.Y., Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Childhood Injuries and Their Prevention by Primary Caregivers in Singapore, Singapore Med. Journal, 2005; (46): pp122-26.
[6]. Singer A.J., Gulla J., Thode H.C., Cronin K.A., Pediatric First Aid Knowledge among Parents, Pediatric Emergency Care, 2004; (20): pp808-11.

Abstract: The family is considered a critical and essential key role in a successful rehabilitation outcome of the individual with a spinal cord injury and family functioning can impact multiple dimension of an individual's life, including the the psychological health status . Objectives: to estimate the impact of family functioning role upon psychological health status for patients with spinal cord injury in Ibn- Alkuff Medical rehabilitation center. Results: The study showed that the family role have positive impact on most patient health status (psychological) domain.. Conclusion: The study concluded that the family role impact upon psychological patients health status . Recommendations: The study recommended that, an instructional program should be designed should be applied to patients' and their family to increase their information toward spinal cord injuries to improve patients health status.
Keywords: Family Role, Psychological Aspect, Spinal Cord Injury.

[1] Denham, S. A.; Looman, W.: Families with Chronic Illness, chapter 10, in , Gedaly-Duff, J. R.; Coehlo, V.; Hanson, D. P.: Family health care nursing: theory, practice and research,4th edition, F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 2010,P.p.: 249-259.
[2] Tussler,D. : Patient-centred practice in Tetraplegia and Paraplegia ,Sixth Edition, Mosby Elsevier Inc. Philadelphia, 2006, P.P.:31-34.
[3] Kwon ,B.K.; Tetzlaff ,W.; Grauer, J.N.; et. al.: Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury, Spine J. ,2004, Vol.4:P.p.451-464.
[4] Molazem, Z.; Falahati,T.; Jahanbin, I.; Ghadakpour, S.; Jafari P.: The effect of psycho-educational interventions on general health of family caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care,2013,Vol.2,No.4,P.p.:1-10.
[5] Dua,S.: Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord- Injured Patients: Looking Beyond Bladder, Bowel and Bed Sores, Supplement To Japi , 2012 , Vol. 60 ,P.p.:25-29.

Abstract: Social integration is the key point to return the patient with spinal cord injury into the community and to restore nornmal activities befor injury. Objectives: to assess patient social integration after spinal cord injuries in Ibn- Alkuff Medical rehabilitation center. Results: The results depicted that the patients social integration were rated in moderate level. Conclusion: The study concluded that the spinal cord injury has positive impact upon patients social integration. Recommendations: The study recommended that, an education program should be designed and manual should be distributed to patients' and their family to increase their information toward spinal cord injuries and medical rehabilitation to improve patients health status and quality of life.
Keywords: Patients health status, Social integration, Spinal cord injury.

[1] Vall , J.; Costa,C.M.; Pereira,L.F.; Friesen,T.T.: Application of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in individuals with spinal cord injury, Arq Neuropsiquiatr,2011, Vol.69, No.3,P.p.:513-518.
[2] Yang, R.; Guo,L.; Wang,P.; Huang,L.; Tang,Y.; Wang,W.; Chen,K.; Ye,J.; Lu,C.; Wu,Y.; Shen,H.: Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injuries and Risk Factors for Complete Injuries in Guangdong, China: A Retrospective Study, PLoS ONE,2014, Vol. 9,No.1: e84733,P.p.:1-10.
[3] Molazem, Z.; Falahati,T.; Jahanbin, I.; Ghadakpour, S.; Jafari P.: The effect of psycho-educational interventions on general health of family caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care,2013,Vol.2,No.4,P.p.:1-10.
[4] Al-Jadid, M.S.; Al-Asmari, A.K.; Al-Moutaery, K.R.: Quality of life in males with spinal cord, Saudi. Med. J. 2004; Vol. 25 ,No.12,P.p.:1979-1985.
[5] Tussler,D. : Patient-centred practice in Tetraplegia and Paraplegia ,Sixth Edition, Mosby Elsevier Inc. Philadelphia, 2006, P.P.:31-34.

Abstract: Elders' population is progressively increasing and will reach one third of total population in 2025. Elders are suffering from knee osteoarthritis as most prevalent rheumatic diseases worldwide. Aim: determine self management effect in improvements of pain, stiffness, physical function and predict osteoarthritis elderly at risk to fall. Subjects and method: Quasi- Experimental was conducted for one year at orthopedic outpatient clinics of Assiut University Hospital. It included systemic random sample of 80 elders were divided into two equal groups (Study and control).

[1] World Health Organisation WHO: Scientific Group. The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at the Start of the New Millennium. Geneva, 2003.
[2] Dunlop D D, Manheim L M, Yelin E H, Song J, Chang R W, :The costs of arthritis. Arthritis Rheum; 49: 10l -13, 2003.
[3] Hootman J M. and Helmick C G, : Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum; 54: 226-9, 2006.
[4] Van W J M, Terwee C B. and Windt D A., : Health-related and overall quality of life of patients with chronic hip and knee complaints in general practice. Qual Life Res,'14.795-803, 2005.
[5] Woo J, Lau E. and Lee P., : Impact of osteoarthritis on qualityof life in a Hong Kong Chinese population. J Rheumatol; 3l:2433-8, 2004.

Abstract: As a result of increasing incidence of hyperthyroidism and Big impact on patients in terms of external behavior and physical effects, Because of their large signs and symptoms on the body, So we have to complete the search for the patients life style because of its importance in controlling of the signs and symptoms of this patients . Objectives: The study to assess the life style of adult patient with hyperthyroidism. and to find out the relationship between the life style pattern with patient demographic characteristic ( age ,gender , place occupation ….etc)

[1]. Vanderpump MPJ , The epidemiology of thyroid diseases In: Braver man LE, Utiger RD, eds. Werner and Ingbar The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. 2005 th edn, pp 398-406. JB LippincottRaven, Philadelphia
[2]. Mc Grogan A ,sEAMANhe ,Wwright JW,de incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease ; systematically review of literature . clin endocrinol 2008
[3]. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH Gunter EW, Spencer CA, Braverman LE. Serum TSH T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1994): National Health and Nutrition examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrin
[4]. N. Manji,* J. D. Carr-Smith,* K. Boelaert, A. Allahabadia, M. Armitage, V. K. Chatterjee, J. H. Lazarus ,S. H. S. Pearce, B. Vaidya, S. C. Gough, and J. A. Franklyn Influences of Age, Gender, Smoking, and Family History on Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Phenotype, new york , 2006
[5]. Xander G Vos, et.al , , Age and stress as determinants of the severity of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease in newly diagnosed patients , Amsterdam, 2009.

Abstract: Back ground: Several misconceptions about the consequences of using oral contraceptive pill such as; fear of infertility, cancer and tumors. Objectives: To identify misconceptions about oral contraceptive pill Used and find out relationship between misconceptions and demographic variables, reproductive variables and previous used of oral contraceptive pill among women who are attending primary health care centers.

[1]. Rabe, T., & Runnebaum, B. C. (Eds.). Fertility Control—Update and Trends: Update and Trends. Springer Science & Business Media.-(2012). A vailable from:http://scholar.google.com/scholar

[2]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ."ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 112: Emergency contraception". Obstet Gynecol May 2010; 115 (5) :1100-1109 Available from : doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181deff2a. PMID 20410799 . Accessed at 27 May/ 2015.