iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

Abstract:Background: Objective Structured Clinical Examination has gained acceptance as a benchmark for clinical skills assessment. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Objective Structured Clinical Examination tool for improving B.Sc. nursing students' antenatal examination. Methods: Subjects: All "70" B. Sc. nursing students in the fourth year, faculty of nursing Menoufia University, Egypt was included in the sample. Instruments: It consisted of a structured interviewing questionnaire and observational checklist, which consisted of 5 Objective Structured Clinical Examination stations including antenatal history-taking, general examination, standardized blood pressure measurement technique skills, standardized body weight measurement technique skills and antenatal advice skills. All tools were used for pre-post intervention.

[1]. Carraccio C. & Englander R. The objective structured clinical examination: a step in the direction of competency-based evaluation. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2000 154(7), 736–741.
[2]. Ross M, Carroll G, Knight J, Chamberlain M, Fothergill-Bourbonnais F, and Linton J. Using The OSCE to Measure Clinical Skills Performance in Nursing. J Adv Nurs 1988; 13(1): 45-6.
[3]. Michael A. OSCE in Psychiatry. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2004. Available: http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/118620090103.pdf.
[4]. Hodges B, Hanson M, Mc Naughton, and Regehr G. Creating, Monitoring And Improving Psychiatry OSCE: A Guide for Faculty. Acad Psychiatry 2002; 26(3): 134-61.
[5]. Yudkowsky R. Should We Use Standardized Patients instead of Real Patients for High Stakes Exams in Psychiatry. Acad Psychiatry 2002; 26(3): 187-91.
[6]. Park RS, Chibnall JT, Blaskiewicz RJ, and Furman GE. Construct Validity of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) In Psychiatry: association with the clinical skills examination and other indicators. Acad Psychiatry 2004; 28(2): 122-8.

Abstract: Synaptic transmission monitoring has been problematic due to several shortcomings from measuring instruments and the miniature nature of nerve terminals. The advent of fluorescent protein calcium sensors has improved our understanding, especially of lighting neural circuit and monitoring calcium transients. Notably among them is the GCaMP family of fluorescent sensors. Subsequent development of numerous types of GCAMP's has improved our understanding of neural circuitry and mechanism behind numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The attachment of a vesicular protein synaptophysin to GCaMP2 which led to SyGCaMP2 has two major advantages over existing cytoplasmic GECI in detecting electrical activities of neurones; (a) it identified the locations of synapses and (b) had a linear response over a wider range of spike frequencies [23]. Here we explored the various GCaMP fluorescent sensors, their advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords: Synaptic transmission, fluorescent sensor, GCaMP family, synaptophysin and neurodegenerative diseases.

[1]. Tsien, R.Y., T.J. Rink, and M. Poenie, Measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in individual small cells using fluorescence microscopy with dual excitation wavelengths. Cell Calcium, 1985. 6(1-2): p. 145-157.
[2]. Malgaroli, A., et al., Fura-2 measurements of cytosolic free Ca2+ in monolayers andsuspensions of various types of animal cells. Journal of Cell Biology, 1987. 105(5): p. 2145-
[3]. 2155.
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[5]. Gee, K.R., et al., Chemical and physiological characterization of fluo-4 Ca2+-indicator dyes.Cell Calcium, 2000. 27(2): p. 97-106.
[6]. Grynkiewicz, G., M. Poenie, and R.Y. Tsien, A new generation of Ca2+ indicators withgreatly improved fluorescence properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1985. 260(6): p.3440-3450.
[7]. Kyle, R.G., et al., New Ratiometric Fluorescent Calcium Indicators with ModeratelyAttenuated Binding A•nities. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2000. 10: p. 1515 -1518.
[8]. Shimomura, O., F.H. Johnson, and Y. Saiga, Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent. Journal of cellular and comparative physiology, 1962. 59: p. 223- 239.Tsien, R.Y., The green fluorescent protein, in Annual Review of Biochemistry1998. p. 509-

Abstract: Menopause, by definition, is the final menstrual period. It is a universal and irreversible part of the overall aging process as it involves a woman's reproductive system. It is diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhea and myriad of symptoms characterizing it. These include, among others, changes from regular, predictable menses; vasomotor and urogenital symptoms such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, sleep and mood dysfunction (Butler and Santoro, 2011; Santoro and Randolph, 2011). In this review we explored the physiology of menopause before dissecting its effects on other parts of the body.

Keywords: Menopause, dyspareunia, vaginal dryness vasomotor and urogenital symptoms.

[1]. Anderson GI, Linacher M, Assat AR, (2004). Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. The Woman's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 291(14):1701-1712.
[2]. Anderson K, Launer LJ, Dewey ME, (1999). Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia. The EURODEM studies, EURODEM Incidence Research Group Neurology. 53(9): 1992-1997.
[3]. Ariyo AA, Villablanca AC, (2002). Estrogens and lipid: Can HRT, designer estrogens and phytoestrogens reduce cardiovascular risk markers after menopause? Posgraduate Medicine, 111(1) 23-30.

Abstract: Infrastructural, economic and man power factors dictate a conservative approach to renal replacement therapy (RRT) in majority of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in Kenya. A quantitative and qualitative descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on barriers to access of RRT at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in ESRD patients. In the study (98%, n=106) of respondents did not get a minimum three hemodialysis sessions per week. Nephrology staff shortage was reported which affects service delivery. There was a strong statistical association between respondents' with no or low monthly income and missing of dialysis sessions. (Fishers' p = 0.008). No statistical significance association was noted between respondents missing hemodialysis session and reported major reason to be high cost of dialysis and those missing hemodialysis sessions and report inadequate number of hemodialysis machines as the major reason(chi square 1.78 p=0.18)..

[1]. WHO. (2010). The world health report - Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Available on http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/ . Accessed on 24th January, 2012
[2]. The constitution of Kenya.(2010). http://www.kenyalaw.org/Downloads/The%20Constitution %20of%20Kenya.pdf. Accessed on 7th October,2012.
[3]. Schieppati, A. and Remuzz,i G. (2005). Chronic renal diseases as a public health problem: Epidemiology, social, and economic implication.Kidney International 68, (98): S7–S10
[4]. Were, A.J. and McLigeyo, S.O. (1995). Cost considerations in renal replacement therapy in Kenya, Your Kidneys and how they work – How do kidneys fail? National Kidney and urologic Diseases Infromation Clearing House.NIDDK. NIH publication No. 07-3195 East AfrMed J, 72: 69-71.
[5]. Ngaruiya, G. W. (2010). A retrospective cohort study on the effectiveness of automated peritoneal dialysis in the management of Acute renal failure in Kenya, University of Nairobi, Thesis. unpublished

Abstract: Specialized pediatric nurse must be equipped with necessary knowledge to fulfill her role in giving appropriate care need it. Deficient knowledge affect the outcome as health care providers. A descriptive (cross-sectional) study was carried out to assess the knowledge of nurses and its relation with their demographic characteristics(age, gender and level of education) toward Neuroblastoma in children at oncology wards of pediatric hospitals in Baghdad/ Iraq for the period from 30th Sep. 2013 up to 1st of April 2014. A designed questionnaire for this study was used (reliability and validity were determined through panel of experts) to achieve the objectives of the study. After the statistical analysis, the result showed significant association between knowledge and variables. Therefore, the study suggested establishing new standard programs throughout the year and on regular basis suitable for nurses concerning neuroblastoma in children.

Keywords: Nurse, Assessment and Neuroblastoma

[1]. Abeloff, MD, James O. Armitage, MD, John E. Niederhuber, MD, Michael B. Kastan, MD, PhD and W. Gillies McKenna, MD, Ph. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology, 4th Edition Churchill Livingstone2008 p.137
[2]. American Cancer Society. Cancer in Children: What are the differences between cancers in adults and children? Updated 1/13/2015.
[3]. www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerinchildren/detailedguide/cancer-in-children-differences-adults-children. Accessed August 28, 2015.
[4]. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2012.
[5]. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2013.
[6]. Brisse HJ, McCarville MB, Granata C, et al. Guidelines for imaging and staging of neuroblastic tumors: Consensus report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Radiology. 2011;261:243–257.

Abstract: Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed as well as developing countries. Breast cancer affects so many lives today. It is vital for women and men to understand the key factors about the disease, especially risk factors and methods of early detection. But how much do the rural women know about these aspects of breast cancer. The most cost effective and convenient method of detecting breast cancer is BSE. Keeping in this mind a study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on 'prevention of breast cancer' among women of a selected village of Udupi District of Karnataka.

[1]. Tiffany L, Brittany J. Van G,Debra J. Barksdale, ReginaMc,The Breast Self-Examination Controversy: What Providers and Patients Should Know. The Journal of Nurse Practioner, 6( 6),2010 June, Pages 444–451.

Abstract: Aims: The present study aims to identify the effect of in-hospital information program by measuring patients' satisfaction and to find-out the relationship between patient satisfaction and demographic and clinical characteristics. The program and the instrument are designed by the researcher to reach the objective of the study.

[1]. Agosta L. J.: Patient Satisfaction with Nurse Practitioner Delivered, Primary Health Care Services, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2005.
[2]. Asadi-Lari M., Packham C, and Gray D.: Unmet health needs of patients with coronary heart disease: implications and potential for improvement in caring services, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, Vol. 1 (26), 2003b, PP:1-8.
[3]. Asadi-Lari M., Packham M. , and Gray D. :Patients' satisfaction and quality of life in coronary artery disease, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 2003c, vol.1(57).
[4]. Ashrafun L. and Uddin M. J. :Factors Determining Inpatient Satisfaction with Hospital Care in Bangladesh, Asian Social Science, Vol. 7(6), June 2011.
[5]. Boudi F. B.: Coronary artery atherosclerosis eMedicine. February 2012.
[6]. Bredart A, Bottomley A, Blazeby JM, Conroy T, Coens C, D'Haese S, Chie WC, etal: An international prospective study of the EORTC cancer in-patient satisfaction with care measure (EORTC IN-PATSAT32), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group and Quality of Life Unit, 2005 Sep, vol. 41(14), pp: 2120-2131.

Abstract: Objective: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of an Instructional Program on Female Secondary Schools Teachers' Attitudes Concerning Contraceptive Methods at Baghdad City. Methodology: A Self-controlled and crossover trials study design, included (100) Female married Secondary Schools Teachers aged between (20-49) years,(25)schools in Al Russafa sector, and (25) in Al Karkh sector, from May 22th , 2014 to September 25th 2015, to assess the effectiveness of an instructional program on female secondary schools teacher's attitudes concerning contraceptive methods .A non-probability (purposive) sample of (100) female married teachers, as two from each school were selected. The questionnaire validity was determined through a panel of experts. The reliability was estimated through a pilot study. The data was analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistics approaches. All the procedures were tested at p ≤ 0.05.

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO). Family planning [Internet] 2006a [accessed at March 27, 2010]: Available from: http:// www.who.int. Geneva .
[2]. Dabral S, Malik L.: Demographic study of Gujjars of Delhi: UV. Know ledge Attitude and Practice of family planning. J Hum Ecol, 2004 , 16,pp: 231-237 .
[3]. Dey S, Goswami S .: Fertility pattern and its correlates in north east India. J. Hum. Ecol., 2009, 26(2): 145-152.
[4]. Dhingra R , Manhas S , Kohli N, Mushtaq A .: Attitude of couples towards family planning. J. Hum. Ecol., 2010 30(1): 63-70 .
[5]. Al - Sheeha M.: Awareness and use of contraceptives among Saudi Women attending primary care centers in Al -Qassim, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Health Sciences 2010; 4(1): 13-22.
[6]. Nigatu R.: Socio - economic correlates of high fertility among low contraceptive communities of Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Human Ecology, 2007; 21(3):203 - 213. (Nigatu , 2007).

Abstract: across sectional study was conducted in two setting : obstetric clinic during antenatal care and homes of pregnant women following delivery . The aim was to identify the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy and following delivery , and to assess both obstetrics and maternal factors that may contribute to the condition and the sequences of this problem and the nursing implications . A total of 197 women were recruited to the study. One fourth of women (25 % .4 ) reported stress incon . during pregnancy and 13.2 % following delivery , 36 % of the incontinence women reported severe condition during pregnancy ,and following delivery . an association was found between parity , education ,social class as well as activity of home postpartum and stress urinary incontinence .

[1]. Bump R.C. Racial comparison and contrasts in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapsed .Obstet Gynecol.,2011
[2]. Bump R.C.,and Norton ,P.A.,Epidemiology and natural history of pelvic floor dysfunction .Obestet GynecolclinNorth Am.,25(4):2008
[3]. Carken E.F.R.,and Hirnle J.C.Fundamental of nursing 4th ed. ,New York ,London :LippincottWilliams & Wilkins.,p,299-300 ,1071 – 1072 ,2003 .
[4]. Chamberlian C.,and Fairley D.H.obstetrics and Gynecology .Black wells science ,2007 .
[5]. Carpinito J.L.Nursing diagnosis .Aplication to clinical practice . Philadelphia ,New York ,2010 .
[6]. Chen G.D.,LinT.I.,HuS.W.,and chenY.C.linly ,prevelance and correlation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in Taiwanese women .Newoural.,22(2)109 17 ,2003 .

Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent and common micronutrient disorder in the world which is negatively affecting women's health during postpartum period. Objectives: To assess postpartum women's knowledge toward iron deficiency anemia and To find out the relationship between the hemoglobin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity and knowledge toward iron intake .

[1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations Morb control iron deficiency in the United States. MMwR Mortal Wkly Rep 2007:47(RR-3): 1-29.
[2]. Provan D. Mechanisms and management of iron deficiency anemia. Br J Haematol 1999;105 suppli 19-26.
[3]. Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. JAMA 2005 277(12):973-976.
[4]. Frith- Terhune AL. Cogswell ME. Khan LK. will 10. Ramakrishnan U. Iron deficiency anemia higher prevalence in Mexican American than in non-Hispanic white females in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 1988-1994 Am J ClinNutr 2000:72(4):963-968.
[5]. Beard JL, Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. J Nutr2001;131(2S-2):568S-579s.

Abstract:Civility constitutes an important part of the organizational climate perceived by employees. Also structural and psychological empowerment lead to positive outcomes for work environments, leading to positive outcomes such as increased organizational commitment for health care workers, especially newly graduated nurses. The aim of this study to determine effect of workplace civility climate, structural and psychological empowerment on organizational commitment of newly graduated nurses. Subject and methods: Setting: the study was conducted at Assiut University Hospitals, Health Insurance Hospital and two hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health namely: Assiut General Hospital (El-Shamla Hospital) and El-Eman General Hospital in Assiut city. Design using a descriptive correlational design.

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workplace.Academy of Management Review, 24, 452-471.essential impact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of
managementreview, 31, 627-647.
[2]. Ahmed E. M. (2005): The relationship between leadership style and empowerment and its effect on job satisfaction of nurses in
Assiut University hospitals, msc. Thesis Faculty of nursing, Assiut University. Egypt.
[3]. Bushell P .M. (2013): New graduate nurses' structural empowerment and their experience of co-worker incivility and burnout .
M.Sc. Thesis, The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
[4]. Carter J. And Ryan M. (2011): The influence of empowerment and discourtesy on burnout and nurse retention research paper carter
M.Sc. Thesis, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
[5]. Cho J., Laschinger H. K. S. And Wong C. (2006): Workplace empowerment, work engagement and organizational commitment of
new graduate nurses. Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership 19,(3): 43–60.
[6]. Dion M. J. (2006): The impact of workplace incivility and occupational stress on the job satisfaction and turnover intention of acute
care nurses. ETD Collection for University of Connecticut. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/
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