iosr-JNHS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

Abstract:The principle of mirror therapy (MT) is the use of a mirror to create a reflective illusion of an affected limb in order to trick the brain into thinking movement has occurred without pain. It involves placing the affected limb behind a mirror, which is sited so the reflection of the opposing limb appears in place of the hidden limb. A Mirror box is a device which allows the clinician to easily create this illusion. It' is a box with one mirror in the centre where on each side of it, the hands are placed in a manner that the affected limb is kept covered always and the unaffected limb is kept on the other side whose reflection can be seen on the mirror.

[1]. Moseley, GL; Gallace, A; Spence, C (2008), "Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions",
PAIN 138 (1): 7–10, doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.026,
[2]. Ramachandran, V. S.; Rogers-Ramachandran, D. C. (1996), "Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors", Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London (263(1369)): 377–386, doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0058,
[3]. Ramachandran, V. S.; Rogers-Ramachandran, D. C.; Cobb, S. (1995), "Touching the phantom", Nature (377): 489–490
[4]. Diers, M; Christmann, C; Koeppe, C; Ruf, M; Flor, H (2010), "Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate
sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain", PAIN 149 (2): 296–304.
[5]. Vittorio Gallese and Alvin Goldman, Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading, Trends in Cognitive Sciences –
Vol. 2, No. 12, December 1998,
[6]. Ashu Bhasin, MV Padma Srivastava, Senthil S Kumaran, Rohit Bhatia, Sujata Mohanty, Neural interface of mirror therapy in
chronic stroke patients: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 2012, Neurology India, 570-576.

Abstract: Many students carry school backpacks that exceed 10 to 15 percent of their body weight, which puts them at risk for back pain and related disorders. Improper backpack use can also lead to poor posture. Aim of the study was to assess parental knowledge about standard school backpacks, correct carrying of backpack, and assess their awareness of musculoskeletal disorders related to use of school backpack. Methods: A randomized cross-sectional study was used. The study was carried out using a multistage random sampling at Assiut city. The subjects of the study were 318 parents and their children. The tool of data collection was: A self structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and filled by parents contained two parts: Part I. Personal data. Part II: Knowledge of parents about school backpack and its effect on the child's health.

[1]. American occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)(2009): Backpack Awareness: One of Many Ways That Occupational Therapists Serve Students. 2009 Available from: http://www.aota.org/News/Consumer/Backpack08.aspx [Accessed 6 November 2010]
[2]. Barkhordari A., Ehrampoush MH., Barkhordari M., Derakhshi F., Barkhoradri M., & Mirzaii M (2013): Assessment of School Backpack Weight and Other Characteristics in Elementary Schools, Yazd, Iran. J. of Community Health Research. 2(1):2-7.
[3]. Brackley H, Stevenson J, & Selinger J (2009): Effect of backpack load placement on posture and spinal curve prepubescent children. Work. 32(3):351-60.
[4]. Cavallo CM, Hlavaty TM, & Tamase MG (2002). A pilot study for the development of a primary prevention program: What is the average weight of a fourth grader's backpack? Work. 20, 2002, 137-158.
[5]. Chansirinukor W., Wilson D., & Grimmer K (2001): Effect of backpack on student measurement of cervical and shoulder posture.Australian J. of physiotherapy.47:110-116
[6]. Dianat I, Javadivala Z, & Allahverdipour H (2011): School bag weight and the occurrence of shoulder, hand/wrist and low back symptoms among Iranian elementary schoolchildren. HPP. 2011;1(1):76–85.
[7]. Emdadi M & Emdadi S (2004): weight of schoolbag and correleition between body weight and concepts of choolbag in elementary school children. Payesh 2004: 185–91.

Abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of protocol of nursing intervention on the indicators of quality of care in Minor Injuries Unit of emergency department(ED). A quasi-experimental study of two groups of patients was undertaken in minor injuries unit of emergency department at Shebin Elkoom teaching hospital in Egypt. All patients treated with minor surgical injuries and discharged to their place of residence, between the hours of 0.8 AM to 0. 2 PM for a period of 4 weeks were eligible for the study. They were recruited into two groups one before the introduction of the intervention (n= 130) and one after the introduction of the intervention (n=140). The protocol of nursing intervention comprised three separate components: 1) communication training in-service workshop for all emergency department staff to improve staff attitudes and communication; 2) a patient education and 3) development of a patient liaison nurse who ensured optimal staff–patient community communication and played a role in staff communication education). Data were collected using the following tools:1) pre-discharge interviewing questionnaire that consisted of demographic characteristics, diagnoses and complains of studied sample 2)-patient information questionnaire and 3) patient Satisfaction questionnaire.

[1] Brent J. Morris, MD; Alex A. Jahangir, MD; and Manish K. Sethi, MD. Patient Satisfaction: An Emerging Health Policy Issue. American association of orthopedic surgeons, 9(9), 2015.
[2] Bergman B, Klefsjo B. and Kvalitet F. [Quality from Need to Application] Student litteratur: Lund. 2007. in Swedish.
[3] Donabedian A. The quality of care. How can it be assessed? JAMA,1988; 260:1743-1748.
[4] Zohrevandi B and Tajik H. A Survey of Patients' Satisfaction in Emergency Department of Rasht Poursina Hospital .Emergency, 2 (4), 2014, 162-165.

Abstract: Introduction: Child birth is perceived as a natural process in woman's life. Primi gravid mother may experience anxiety about the process of labour. Prenatal education on imparting knowledge may reduce the anxiety associated with child birth. The present study was conducted on effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety level. Anxiety was measured by modified Spielberger's state anxiety scale before and after education.

[1] Annamma Jacob, "A comprehensive text book of midwifery" 1st edition Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi, pp.607-614
[2] Colling wood J, Anxiety in pregnancy available at http;//Psychocentral.com/lib/2010/anxietyinpregnancy. Accessed on 1st sep 2011
[3] Jaya Bharathi, B. Effective Nursing Interventions on Pain during labour among primi mothers. TMAI The Nursing Journal of India, June 2010, Vol.CIMO.6
[4] Suekim, Hee-sookim, Ha-yoon cheong. Effects of a coaching based child birth program on anxiety child birth self-efficacy among primigravida women. Korean journal women health nursing. 2011 Dec; 17 (4): 369-377.
[5] Karthyn crowe and carvarl Baeyer. Predictors of Child Birth experience. Journal of psychology devision 2007; 16(2) available online library, wiley.com/doit.
[6] MS. Nisha walia, Mrs. P. Vadivukkarasi Ramanadin, A descriptive study to assess the level of anxiety related to labour process among primigravidan in selected hospitals, A and V publications .

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the level of work productivity among the female faculty of allied medical health colleges of University of Hail experienced in terms of Work related factors, Family related factors, Biological related factors and Cultural Diversity related factors. It is a descriptive research study and the data were gathered using researcher- made questionnaire. The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted through statistical tool using frequency and percentage and mean. Results of the study showed that the teachers experienced moderate level of stress with work and cultural diversity. Most of the respondents claimed they experience low level of stress in family financial factors and biological related factors. The overall effectiveness of the performance were satisfactory, which means there is still room for improvement to make it outstanding in the future.

KEY WORDS: Biological Factors, Cultural Diversity Factors, Family Income Factors, Female Faculty, Work Related Factors

[1] www.learnita.com/.../what_is_the_purpose_of_learning_ [2] Colinares, N. et al. 2005. Philippine Education in the Third Millennium Trends, Issues, Challenges and Concerns, GNS Enterprises, University of Eastern Philippines. Pp. 39-45.

[3] http://www.arabnews.com/news/552401

[4] Navarro, Rosita L. 1998. Principles of Teaching and Instructional Technology.Katha Publishing Company Inc. pp. 4-14.

[5] Oho, J. et al. 2000 . Stress and Health. Modern Health.

[6] Taylor S.E, Repetti R.L and Seeman T (1997), Health psychology; what is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under skin, Annual review of psychology

Abstract:Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the most common cause of death or serious neurological injury resulting in lifelong disability among infant and young child (< 5 years of age) .SBS is preventable. This article outlines the comprehensive review of manifestation, diagnosis, management and prevention.

Keywords: Shaken baby syndrome, diagnosis, prevention

[1] Carbaugh SF. Understanding shaken baby syndrome. Adv Neonatal Care 2004;4(2):105–16.
[2] Wyszynski ME1.Shaken baby syndrome: identification, intervention, and prevention. Clin Excell Nurse Pract. 1999 Sep;3(5):262-7.
[3] http://floridatraumaticbraininjury.org/abusive-head-trauma-causes-statistics/
[4] Carbaugh SF. Understanding shaken baby syndrome. Adv Neonatal Care 2004; 4(2):105–16.5Ibid.
[5] Miehl NJ. Shaken baby syndrome. J Forensic Nurs 2005;1(3):111–7.7Encyclopedia
[6] Miehl NJ. Shaken baby syndrome. J Forensic Nurs 2005; 1(3):111–7.
[7] Carbaugh SF. Understanding shaken baby syndrome. Adv Neonatal Care 2004;4(2):105–16.5Ibid

Abstract: Maternal mortality is a silent traumatic canker which is a major concern for various individuals, health authorities and the country as a whole. All over the world,studies are being done to unravel the mystery surrounding the high prevalence of maternal mortality especially in developing countries.Antenatal care is one important element identified when it comes to the issue of maternal mortality. This study therefore aims atidentifying the factors that influence pregnant women in availing themselvesto antenatal care at health facilities. The study was based on two hundred (200) mothers living in one of the eight villages around Ho. The data from the respondents was obtained using well-structured questionnaire.

[1] Abdo Y,BitranR,Diop F (1995). The impact of alternative cost recovery schemes on access and equity in Niger,Health Policy and Planning, 10, 223-240.

[2] Altman J F, Esper P, Haefner, H K et al (2003). Placental metastasis of maternal melanoma, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 49(6), 1150-1154.

[3] Anderson R E, Babin B, Black W C, Hair J F, Tatham R L (2006)Multivariate data analysis .6th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

[4] Bari W, Chakraborty N, Chowdhury R I, Islam M A (2002).Utilization of postnatal care in Bangladesh: evidence from a longitudinal study, Health and Social Care in Community 10 (6), 492–502.

[5] Borghi J, Campbell O M, Filippi Vet al (2006). Maternal health in poor countries: the broader context and a call for action, The Lancet, 368(9546), 1535-1541.

Abstract: Waterpipe (WP) smoking is on the rise and become a popular social event among college students. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of a sample of Iraqi male college WP smoker students regarding this habit. A cross-sectional study was conducted during November and December 2014 and comprised (150) male students at the College of Medical and Health Technology with the habit of WP smoking , they were subjected to self – structured questionnaire and then the responses were statistically analyzed by using tests of frequencies , percentages and percent score .

[1]. AA Al-Naggar, FSA Saghir. Water pipe (shisha) smoking and associated factors among Maleysian university students. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev,12, 2011:3041-3047.
[2]. American Lung Association. An Emerging Deadly Trend: Water pipe Tobacco use. 2007.
[3]. A Chattopodhyay,.Emperor Akbor as a healer and his eminent physicians. Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad, 30, 2000: 51-7
[4]. HR Mohammed, Y Zhang Y, IM Newan and DF Shell. Water pipe smoking in Kuwait. EMH J, 10(11), 2010: 1115- 1120
[5]. W Maziak et al. Gender and smoking status-based analysis of views regarding water-pipe and cigarette smoking in Aleppo,Syria. Preventive Medicine, 38(4), 2004:479–484.
[6]. A Nafae et al. Bronchogenic carcinoma in Kashmir valley. IndianJournal of Chest Disorders, 15, 1973:285–295.
[7]. Y-L Qiao et al. Relation of radon exposure and tobacco use to lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan Province, China.American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 16, 1989:511–521.

Abstract:Genital hygiene is the major component of women's health and is very important for the protection of reproductive health. However, genital hygienic practices might affect women vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections and other sexual and reproductive morbidities. The study aims to assess the impact of genital hygienic practices on the occurrence of vaginal infection, and to develop a nursing fact sheet as a prevention message for vulnerable women.

[1]. Adriane Martin Hilber a, Terence H. Hull b, Eleanor Preston-Whyte c, Brigitte Bagnol d, Jenni Smit e, Chintana Wacharasin f, Ninuk Widyantoro g, For the WHO GSVP Study Grouph (2009): A cross cultural study of vaginal practices and sexuality: Implications for sexual health, Social Science & Medicine 70 (2010) 392–400.
[2]. American Social Health Association (ASHA) (2013):Vaginitis Menlo Research triangle Park. Available from ASHA, creating asexual health nation at: www.ashasexualhealth.orgl 1-10-
[3]. Arýkan D, Tortumluoðlu G. The effect of the planned study given to the students to menstruation hygiene behavior. 48. National Pediatric Congress, Samsun, 21-24 September 2004.
[4]. Cangöl E (2010) Uzun Köprü Kadın Doğum Ve Çocuk Hastanesi‟ne Jinekolojik Muayene İçin Başvuran Kadınlarda Genital Enfeksiyonların Sıklığı Ve Genital Hijyen Davranışları, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trakya Üniversitesi, Edirne.
[5]. Garg S, Nandini S. Socio-cultural aspects of menstruation in an Urban Slum in Delhi. Reproductive Health Matters 2001; 9: 16-25.
[6]. Glenville, M (2012): Vaginal infections, understanding vaginal infections e-book, everything you need to know about vaginal infection from symptoms to solutions. The natural practice; 2-19

Abstract:Background: Clinical Supervision has been considered a major force in improving clinical standards and the quality of care. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of clinical supervision program for head nurses on quality of nursing care at Kafer EL-Sheikh General Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Quasi experimental design was used and the study was conducted for all head nurses (n=69) and (192) staff nurses working in Kafer EL-Sheikh General Hospital. Three tools were used for data collection, clinical supervision knowledge questionnaire, Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale and Quality of Nursing Care observation sheet

[1] Tomlinson, J.,(2015): Using clinical supervision to improve the quality and safety of patient care: response to Berwick and Francis. By BioMed Central Medical Education; 15:103.
[2] Morsy, M., (2014): The Effectiveness of Implementing Clinical Supervision Models on Head Nurses' Performance and Nurses' Job Satisfaction at Benha University Hospital. Faculty of Nursing, Benha University: 68.
[3] Fauzy, M.,(2013): Quality nursing care versus patient satisfaction and nurses job satisfaction at Zagazig university Hospital. Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University.
[4] [1] Abd EL Aziz, N., (2011): Impact of nursing practice environment on nurses, retention and quality care in Alexandria University: Quality Care Nursing. Faculty of nursing, University of Alexandria: 9-13.
[5] Abou Hashish, E., (2010): Effect of clinical supervision training program for first-line nurse managers on quality of care and job satisfaction. Faculty of nursing, University of Alexandria: 6-30.
[6] Mohamed, H., (2009): Relationship between nurses, job satisfaction and quality of their performance in Abu- Kabier general hospital. Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University: 38-49.

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of nursing students toward learning communication skills across the two years of nursing study. Also to identify factors that may influence attitudes toward learning communication skills, such as age, level of study, GPA, exposure//non- exposure to formal training in communication skills.

[1] Rees C, Sheard C, Davies S.(2002) The development of a scale to measure medical students' attitudes towardscommunication skills learning: the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS). Med Educ;36(2):141-7.
[2] Anvik T, Gude T, Grimstad H, Baerheim A, Fasmer OB, Hjortdahl P, Vaglum P.( 2007) Assessing medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills: which components of attitudes do we measure? BMC Med Educ;7:4
[3] Du-Babcock, B. (2006). Teaching business communication: Past, present, and future. Journal of Business Communication, 43 (3), 253-264.
[4] Kirby, D. & Romine, J. (2009). Develop oral presentation skills through accounting curriculum design and course-embedded assessment. Journal of Education for Business, 85, 172-179.
[5] Murranka, P. A. & Lynch, D. (1999). Developing a competency-based fundamentals of management communication course. Business Communication Quarterly, 62 (3), 9- 23.
[6] Mayes, J. D., Weldy, T. G., &Icenogle, M. L. (1997). A managerial perspective: Oralcommunication competency is most important for business students in the workplace.Journal of Business Communication, 34(1), 67-80.

Abstract: Objectives : to assess the psychological burden of caregivers of thalassemia children, the social burden of caregivers of thalassemia children, and to find out the association between psychological and social variables with the demographic characters of caregivers like age , level of education, occupation , and residential area.

[1] Gupta N, Abrol P, Rajiv G,(2014),A study of psychopathology and family burdens in children with thalassemia major, Journal of rural and community psychiatry, APRIL 4, 2014.
[2] Garlo, BA, John R. O'Leary, MA, Peter H., and Terri R. Fried, MD ,Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Older Adults with Advanced Illness , J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 December; 58(12): 2315–2322. 3.
[3] Pruthi, G. K. and Singh, T. B,(2010), Psychosocial Burden and Quatlity of life in parents of Children with Thalassemia , Delhi psychologist ,2010,Vol. 2, No. 1, 46-57
[4] Luigi Mazzone, Laura Battaglia, Francesca Andreozzi, Maria Antonietta Romeo, and Domenico Mazzone, (2009),Emotional impact in thalassaemia major children following cognitive-behavioural family therapy and quality of life of care giving mothers,Clinical Practice Epidemiolology Mental Health , v.5; 2009.
[5] Aydin B, Yaprak I, Akarsu D, Okten N, Ulgen M: Psychosocial aspects and psychiatric disorders in children with thalassaemia major.Acta Paediatr Jpn 1997, 39:354-357.