IOSR-JAP   Volume-7 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2015

ABSTRACT: We had established the velocity and acceleration in spheroidals and parabolic coordinates for applications in mechanics. In this paper, we proceed to derived expression for the instantaneous velocity and acceleration in Second Torroidal Coordinates for application in mechanics.

Keywords: Second Terroidal Coordinates, velocity, Accelerations and Mechanics.

[1]. D.J Koffa, J.F Omonile and S.X.K Howusu, Velocity and Acceleration in Parabolic Coordinates, 10SR Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 6, Issue 2. Ver I (Mar-Apr.2014), pp 32-33.
[2]. J.F Omonile, D.J Koffa and S.X.K Howusu Velocity and Acceleration in Prolate Spheroidal Coordinates, Archives of physics research, 5(1), 2014, 56-59.
[3]. S.X.K Howusu, F.J.N Omaghali and F.F Musongong Velocity and Acceleration in Oblate Spheroidal Coordinates , Science Forum :Journal of Applied Sciences [Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University] Volume 7, Number 1, (2004).
[4]. S.X.K Howusu, Vector and Tensor Analysis (Jos: Jos University Press LTD, 2003)
[5]. F.B Hilderbrand, Advanced Calculus for Applications (Prentice Hall: Englewood-cliff, 1962) 298-306

ABSTRACT: The Franck Condon Factors (FCFs) and r-centroids have been evaluated for the electronic transition 𝑎3𝛱𝑟−𝑋1𝛴+ of Carbon monosulfide 12C32S, based on Morse and Rydberg–Klein–Rees (RKR) potentials by a numerical integration procedure, and the reliability of the obtained values is verified by comparing the results of five different programs used for computing the FC factors. The physical significances of these FC factors and r-centroids have also been discussed, which would be helpful in the verification of the presence CS molecule in interstellar medium and other celestial bodies. Based on the calculated FCFs values the appearance of the bands in this system is also discussed.

[1]. Kuzmanovic´M. , Antic-Jovanovic A., Bojović V., Dimitrije Pesic,― Frank-Condon factors and r-centroids for the B-X bands of 10B18O and 11B18O molecules‖, J.Serb.Chem.Soc.70, 727 (2005); 10.2298/JSC0505727K
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[4]. Nicholls R.W., and Jarmain W.R., ―vibrational transition probabilities to high quantum numbers for the nitrogen first and second positive band systems‖, Can.J.Phys. 32, 201 (1954); 10.1139/p54-018
[5]. Nicholls R.W., and Jarmain W.R.,― r-Centroids: Average Internuclear Separations Associated with Molecular Bands‖, Proc.Phys.Soc.A. 69, 253 (1956); 10.1088/0370-1298/69/3/308

ABSTRACT: The phosphors Sr2-xMgSi2O7:xSm3+ (x= 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by simple, time saving, economically modified solution combustion method using urea as fuel. XRD analysis confirms the phase formation of the phosphor. The spectral properties of the Sr2MgSi2O7:Sm3+ were studied under near UV and electron excitation. The excitation spectra consists of a group of sharp transitions around 340–420 nm with a prominent peak at 403 nm. From the excitation spectra it is clear that phosphor could efficiently be excited by near-ultraviolet LEDs (375–405 nm).

[1]. International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (Ed.), Guide on the Emergency Lighting of Building Interiors, CIE, Wien, 1981.
[2]. International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (Ed.), Lighting of Outdoor Work Places—Lighting Requirements for Safety and Security, CIE, Wien, 2005.
[3]. Z. L. Fu, S.H. Zhou, S.Y. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 2005, 14396.
[4]. F. Clabau, X. Rocquefelte, S. Jobic, J. Chem. Mater 17, 2005, 3904.
[5]. X.B. Yu, C.L. Zhou, X.H. He, Mater. Lett. 58, 2004, 1087.

ABSTRACT: ZnO:Al thin films were prepared by Electrostatic spray deposition on soda lime glass substrate. The role of substrate temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 OC) on the Electrical and Optical properties of the films were investigated.The electrical properties of the films were strongly dependent on the substrate temperature. ZnO:Al thin film has lowest resistivity (1.8×10−5Ω𝑚 ) and highest conductivity of 5.61 ×104(𝛺𝑚)−1at substrate temperature of 400 0C. Also the optical transmittance of ZnO:Al thin films were obviously influenced by the substrate temperature. All films exhibit transmittance greater than 50% in the visible region with the highest value of 84% at 400 0C. More significantly, Aluminum doping leads to an evident widening of optical band gap from3.429 to 4.160 eV; and the increase is found to depend on substrate temperature.

Keywords:TCO, Substrate temperature, ZnO:Al Thin film, Transmittance, Resistivity.

[1]. M.M. Aliyu, R.S.Shehu, Elect ElectEngConf proc.2011, 97.
[2]. T. Minami, Semiconsci and Tech,2005,20(4),535.
[3]. L.Huiyong, V.Avrutm, U. Ozgar, H.Morkec,Superlat and microstruc.2010, 458.
[4]. C.O.Mugah, Okumu, K. Njoroge, W, Inter Jour of Res in Elect and Elect Eng, 2012, 1(1),001
[5]. S. Tewari, Bhattacharjee, A, Pra Jour of Phys,2010,76(1), 153.
[6]. J.K. Behera, Depart of Phys, NalInsti of Tech, 2012 Rourkela-769008.Orissa India

ABSTRACT: We consider higher dimensional gravity-coupled gauge models in D= 8 and 10 dimensions with gauge group G= SU(6).The extra dimensional compact spaces have coset structures SU(3)/SU(2)⨂U(1) and SU(3)/U(1)⨂U(1) respectively. Here both the compact spaces are assumed to have a Kaluza-Klein metric ansatz to generate a color symmetry from the geometry of the compact space.Then using the Coset Space Dimensional Reduction (CSDR) scheme supplemented by orbifold conditions on the compact spaces, we obtain Left-Right symmetric models, extended by U(1)'s. The conventional quarks and leptons are obtained in the effective four dimensions, by using a monopole background field on the compact manifold.

Keywords: Kaluza-Klein metric,CSDR scheme, Orbifold compactification, Monopole .

[1]. P. Candelas, G.T. Horowitz, A. Strominger and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B258, 1985,46;
E.Witten, Nulc.PhysB25, 1985,75; P.Horava and E.Witten,Nucl.Phys.B460, 1996,506; B475, 1996,94;
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ABSTRACT: Purpose : During treatment, the most important errors are setup error and organ motion leading to day-to-day variations. There are many ways to define the margins required for these errors. In this article, an overview of errors is given in radiotherapy and margin recipes, based on physical and biological considerations. Bladder and Rectum motion is treated separately.

[1]. W.Schelegal,t.Bortfeld,A.-L.Grosu, New Technology in Radiation Oncology Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Printed in Germany2006
[2]. Balter JM, Ten Haken RK, Lawrence TS, Lam KL, Robertson JM. Uncertainties inCT-based radiation therapy treatment planning associated with patient breathing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys; 36:167-741996.
[3]. Bussels B, Goethals L, Feron M, Bielen D, Dymarkowski S, Suetens P, et al. Respiration-induced movement of the upper abdominal organs: A pitfall for the three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment of pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol;68:69-742003.
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ABSTRACT: Gyro-period is the time it takes the plasma particle (electron and ion) to complete one revolution. This paper has explained how variation of magnetic field affects the gyro-period of plasma wave. Relationship between gyro-period and inverse of magnetic field for the year 2001 was determined, including their monthly and seasonal relationships. The result shows that electrons have very small gyro-period compared to ion, making them to move faster than the ion in a stream of plasma. It also shows that the gyro-period of plasma wave varies with the magnetic field and this variation has no effect on our yearly seasonal changes on planet earth.

Keywords: Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), gyro-period, gyro-frequency, gyro-radius, plasma and solar wind

[1]. Avrett, E. H. (2003). The Solar Temperature Minimum and Chromospheres, ASP Conference Series 286:419.
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Mercury Transits. The Astrophysical Journal 750 (2):135.

ABSTRACT: Leaf chlorophylls exist mainly in two forms namely chlorophyll – a and chlorophyll – b, this is wellknown now. Willstatter and Stoll discovered in 1913. The converted photon equation shows the equation of unification of physics [1] which is very important to forming particle, stars, galaxies, thus the universe and already discussed in other chapter. Here we will discuss on Chlorophyll – a, this is mostly present in all photosynthesizing plants. As per present idea, the absorption of light leads to the excitation of an electron from its ground state to a higher energy level. In what way 1000 photons can liberate from outermost electron 9th shell [2] and how this energy will act on chlorophyll to use the photon equation, that functions need to look and gives us a new path of science.

[1] Nirmalendu Das, Internal functions of matter (m) of Einstein equation, E = mc2 and emission of energy (E) after finding the mass of a photon, graviton and Equation of Unification of Physics, International Journal of Science and Research, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014, www.ijsr.net
[2] Nirmalendu Das, An idea of new system to alert all living bodies before Earthquake Structure of Electron, International Journal of Science and Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May, 2015, www.ijsr.net [3], [4] [5] Debabrata Mitra, Department of Botany, Anandamohan College, Calcutta, Jibesh Ghuha, Department of Botany, Surendra Nath College, Calcutta, Studies in Botany (Vol-2), Moulik Library, 18-B, Shymacharan De Street, Calcutta- 700073, First Edition – 1968, reprinted 1990, P-132, 138.

[6] Marcelo Alonso, Fundamental University Physics, Vol – II, Fields and Waves, Department of Scientific Affairs, Organization of American States, Edward J. Finn, Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Addition – Wesley – Publishing Company, Tenth Printing, 1979.

[7] At which wavelength does maximum Photosynthesis take place? UCBS science line, from internet.