IOSR-JAP   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

ABSTRACT: Highly luminescent GSH capped CdTe quantum dots (GSH-CdTe QDs) were prepared through a facile microwave (MW) aided wet chemical method. The mechanism of effective size control through the solvents is proposed. The Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements show that the size dispersion of QDs can be precisely controlled through the selection of appropriate solvents. The high boiling point and high loss tangents were found to be effective in controlling the size dispersion in MW aided synthesis. The PL studies show that the sharpness of the emission peaks depends on the size dispersion

Keywords:: GSH(Glutathione),Luminescent, Microwave (MW), Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Quantum dots

[1]. J.H.Bang, and P.V. Kamat, Quantum dot sensitized solar cells. a tale of two semiconductor nanocrystals: CdSe and CdTe, ACS Nano, 3, 2009, 1467–1476.

[2]. A. Kongkanand, K.Tvrdy, K.Takechi, M. Kuno, and P.V. Kamat, Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Tuning Photoresponse through Size and Shape Control of CdSe−TiO2 Architecture, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 2008, 4007–4015.

[3]. A. Faraon, D. Englund, I. Fushman, and J. Vuckovic, Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips, Applied Physics Letter, 90,2007, 213110.

[4]. A.Hoshino, K.Hanaki, K. Suzuki, and K.Yamamoto, Applications of T-lymphoma labeled with fluorescent quantum dots to cell tracing markers in mouse body, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,314, 2004,46–53.

[5]. H.Han, Z.Sheng, and J. Liang, Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from thiol -capped CdTe quantum dots and its sensing application in aqueous solution, Analytica Chimica Acta, 596,2007,73–78.

ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured for two ternary liquid mixtures of aniline+ toluene+ methyl isobutyl ketone and N-methylaniline+ toluene+ methyl isobutyl ketone at 303, 308 and 313K. From the measured data, the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume, internal pressure, Gibb's free energy and their excess parameters were calculated. The obtained results support the occurrence of molecular association through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the excess functions are found to be sensitive to the nature and extent of the interactions taking place in these ternary mixtures.

Keywords: Ternary liquid mixtures, acoustical parameters, molecular interaction.

[1]. A.K.Dash and R.Paikaray, (2014). Der Chem. Sinica, Vol.5,no.1,
[2]. Steevi Felixa, Uma Sivakami and Rose Venis, (2016). World J.Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol.5, Issue 5.
[3]. M.K.Praharaj, A.Satapathy, S.Mishra and P.R.Mishra, (2012) J.Chem. & Pharmaceutical Research, 4(4) 1910.
[4]. T. Savitha Jyostna, and N.Satyanarayana, (2005) Ind. J. Chem., 444: 1365.
[5]. D.R.Bhadja,Y.V. Patel and P.H.Parasonia, (2002) Ind. J. Pure & Appl. Phys., 24:47.

ABSTRACT: Industrial activity involves plenty of technical problems to which solutions are sought at various levels, from trouble shooting to complete investigation and modeling of processes or plants, or development of new technologies. The purpose of this investigation is to apply the gamma scanning technique to detect the interface, voids present in pipe lines. The results of experiments performed in a leading petrochemical complex are presented..............

Keywords:Gamma scanning technique, Cesium-137, Scintillation detector, Interface, voids..

[1]. Charlton, J.S., 1986.RadioisotopeTechniques for Problem Solving in Industrial
[2]. Process Plants.LeonardHill.
[3]. Guidebook on radioisotope tracers in industry, 1990.Technical report Series
[4]. No. 316.InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency (IAEA), Vienna.
[5]. Zitny, R., Thyn, J., 1996.Programs For Residence Time distribution analysis, RTD
[6]. Software manuals for data analysis of radiotracer experiments

ABSTRACT: 2.1A and 3.7A GeV –Particles from Dubna Synchrophasetron are used to understand and address some effects in hadron therapy and shielding programming. The NIKFI–BR2 nuclear emulsion is the present target nuclei, like–some human and shield materials. The interaction mean free path with HCNO nuclei is determined. The inelastic interaction cross section is approximated by a power law, which is independent on the energy and expressed in terms of the target mass number. The different characteristics of the present projectile and target fragmentations are investigated experimentally in comparison with the SRIM simulations.......

Keywords: Nuclear Emulsion / High–Energy –Particles / Some Simulations for Hadron Therapy and Shielding Programs.

[1]. J. P. Bondorf, A. S. Botvina, A. S. Iljinov, I. N. Mishustin, and K. Sneppen, Phys. Rep. 257, 133 (1995).
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[3]. J. Miller, 1st International Workshop on Space Radiation Research and 11th Annual NASA Space Radiation Health Investigators, Workshop Arona (Italy), May 27–31, 2000, Physica Medica–Vol. XVII, Supplement 1, 2001.
[4]. I. Schall, D. Schardt, H. Geissel, H. Irnich, E. Kankeleit, G. Kraft, A. Magel, M. Mohar, G. Münzenberg, F. Nickel, C. Scheidenberger, W. Schwab, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 117, 221 (1996).
[5]. I. Schall, D. Schardt, H. Geissel, H. Irnich, E. Kankeleit, G. Kraft, A. Magel, M. Mohar, G. Münzenberg, F. Nickel, C. Scheidenberger, W. Schwab, L. Sihver; Adv. Space Res. B 17, 87 (1996).

ABSTRACT: Ferrites, which are a class of magnetic oxide compounds that contain Iron oxide as a major component, have found a large number of applications in various electronic and communication devices. The ferrite system NixZnxFe2—yO4 ; x=0.50, y=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20.and 0.25 is prepared by citrate gel method. Influence of Cu substitution in the prepared samples (Ni-Zn ferrites) enhances the electrical and magnetic properties. The Curie temperature, Saturation Magnetization values are found to decrease with Cu concentration. The variation in Curie temperature can be explained on the basis of exchange interactions......

Keywords: Ferrite, density, Saturation Magnetization, Curie temperature, dielectric constant, Resistivity

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ABSTRACT: we had established the velocity and Acceleration in some of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates such as oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, parabolic cylindrical, parabolic and second torridal coordinates for application in Mechanics, in this paper we proceed to derive expression for the instantaneous velocity and acceleration in rotational oblate spheroidal coordinates.........

Keywords: Rotational Oblate Spheroidal Coordinates, Velocity and Acceleration

[1]. S.X.K. Howusu, F.J.N Omaghali and F.F.Musongong, Velocity and Acceleration in Oblate Spheroidal Coordinates, Science Forum; Journal of Applied Sciences [Abubakar Tafewa Balawa Universit] Volume 7, Number 1 2004.
[2]. J.F. Omonile, D.J. Koffa and S.X.K Howusu, Velocity and Acceleration in Prolate Spheroidal Coordinates, Archives of Physics Reearch, 5(1), 2014, 56-59.
[3]. D.J. Koffa, J.F. Omonile and S.X.K Howusu, Velocity and Acceleration in Parabolic Coordinates, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 6 Issue 2 Ver I (Mar-Apr. 2014), PP32-33.
[4]. J.F. Omonile, B.B Ogunwale and S.X.K Howusu, Velocity and Acceleration in Parabolic Cylindrical Coordinates Palagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research 6(5), 2015
[5]. J.F. Omonile, J.Ahmen and S.K.K Howusu, Velocity and Acceleration in Second Torridal Coordinates, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 7, Issue 3 Ver. IV (May-Jun, 2015), 01-02..

ABSTRACT: Nuclear state density was calculated for the nuclear reaction inside the core of three different main-sequence stars namely, Sun, Sirius and Vega. The selected nuclei for present calculation were H4, C12, N14, and O16; and the state density of Fe54 nucleus was also included for comparison. The state density was calculated based on the exciton theory of nuclear reaction from Ericson, Williams and pairing formulae. The results confirmed that any change in the configuration will result different values of state density and the results showed that the dependence on energy is not linear, and higher densities were found at higher energies, but the change was less.

[1]. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; Hoyle, F. (1957)."Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics 29 (4): 547–650.
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ABSTRACT:Band offsets of the semiconductor/Insulator interfaces are utilized to determine charged deep level defects density in doped single and compound semiconductors. This method is new and is able to determine very low defects densities, which are not possible to be determined by other existing techniques. A modified equation for the intrinsic Fermi level in semiconductors is formulated by including the term due to defects density.

Keywords: Deep-level defects, metal-insulator-semiconductor, charge neutrality, Diamond

[1] A. Alkauskas, M.D. McCluskey, and C.G. Van de Walle, "Tutorial: Defects in semiconductors- Combining experiment and
theory", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 119, 181101, 2016.
[2] R.K. Chanana, "N-Channel silicon MOSFET as a device to characterize MIS structures by the BOEMDET technique", IOSR-J.
Appl. Phys., vol. 7, Issue-4, pp.17-25, Jul-Aug, 2015.
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ABSTRACT: Aeromagnetic data over Wase and its adjoining areas were obtained and analysed for assessing the mineral potential of the area. The data were digitized andanalysed. The TMI map of the area revealed that the area is magnetically heterogeneous. Areas of very strong magnetic values (32760nT to 32860nT) may likely contain outcrops of crystalline igneous or metamorphic rockswhereas residual magnetic intensity values ranged from -130 nT to 67nT.The polar plots (i.e. rose diagram) orientations direction of subsurface lineaments trending predominantly along NE-SW, WNW-ESE and NNE-SSW direction with minor trends along NW-SE and N-S directions. Comparison between these lineaments and the surface lineaments suggested that the majority of surface lineaments were structurally controlled.

Keywords: ..............

[1]. Ajakaiye, D.E. (1974). Gravity survey over the Nigerian younger granite province in Kogbe, C.A. (Ed) geology of Nigeria .Elizabeth
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Nigeria. Geophysics Research journal, 81- 90
[3]. Ajakaiye, D.E., Hall, D.H., Miller, T.W.,Verheigen, P. (1986). Magnetic Anomaly and Tectonic trend in and around the Benue Trough,
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[4]. Aldana , M. and Costanzo – Alvarez, V. (2003). Magnetic and mineralogical studies to characterize oil reservoirs in Venezuela.The lead
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Volcanic rocks and geological Structures acrossCretaceous middle Benue trough, Nigeria.Journal of African Earth Sciences16 (1): 1-12.

ABSTRACT: The water samples collected from local boreholes in Gombe metropolis, Nigeria have been evaluated for radiation hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The samples were evaporated to dryness and obtained the residues which were later counted for gross alpha and beta activity using EURISYS MEASURE IN20 low Background multiple (eight) channels alpha and beta detector. It is a gas flow proportional counter. The mean activity obtained were 1.03 and 18.69 Bq/l for gross alpha and beta respectively.

Keywords: Drinking water, Radioactivity, Radiation hazard indices, Excess lifetime cancer risk, Gombe State

[1]. E. O. Agbalagba and G. O. Avwiri, "Determination of Gross α and β Activity Concentration and Estimation ofAdults and Infants Dose Intake in Surface and Ground Water of Ten Oil Fields Environment in Western Niger Delta of Nigeria," International Journal of Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-40, 2012.
[2]. S. Harb, "Natural Radioactivity Concentration and Annual Effective Dose in Selected Vegetables and Fruits," Journal of Nuclear and Particle Physics, vol. 5(3), pp. 70-73, 2015.
[3]. E. W. Mangset , L. D. Christopher , A. O. Solomon , E. E. Ike , S. P. Mallam and R. A. Onoja , "Gross Alpha and Beta Radio Activity Concentrations and Estimated Committed Effective dose to the General Public Due to Intake of Groundwater in Mining Areas of Plateau State, North Central Nigeria," Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, vol. 38, 2014.
[4]. W. E. Mangset, E. E. Ike, L. D. Christopher, A. O. Solomon and S. P. Mallam, "Evaluation of the Radiation Hazard Indices and Excess Life Time Cancer Risk due to Natural Radioactivity in Ground Water in Mining Areas of Plateau State," International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 5 (5), 2014.
[5]. A. Shittu, N. E. Chifu, S. B. Abdussalam and H. Y. Hafeez, "Evaluation of Radioactivity Concentration in Drinking Water Collected from Local Wells and Boreholes of DutseTown, North West, Nigeria," International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, vol. 4 (1), no. 1, pp. 6-11, 2016.

ABSTRACT: The substances are expressions of dynamic structures with interactions.No matter whatMacro-materials or Micro-materials both interact with external dynamic structures. In fact,the natures and stabilities of substances are maintained by their inner dynamic structures interacting with external dynamic structures.The philosophical essence of stabilities of substances maintained is that inner systems interact with external systems. Besides external systems inner systems interact with other systems. Inner dynamic structures interact with external dynamic structures by kinds of ways.............

Keywords: .........

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ABSTRACT: Recently, conductive polymers—in particular, polypyrrole (PPy)—have gained popularity for a wide range of industrial uses because of their superior environmental resilience, outstanding electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, and relative simplicity of synthesis. The presence of a conjugated electron or an alternating single- and double-bond system in the chemical structure of conductive polymers is generally what makes them conductive in nature. Because of this distinctive chemical property, conductive polymers have drawn the interest of numerous researchers.........

Keywords: .Polypyrrole; Nanostructures; Synthetic methods; Properties; Applications

[1]. Yussuf, M. Al-Saleh, S. Al-Enezi and G. Abraham, (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Polypyrrole: The Influence of the Oxidants and Monomer on the Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties Int. J. Polym. Sci., 4191747.
[2]. A.F. Diaz, K.K. Kanazawa and G.P. Gardini, "Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole," J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., vol. 14, pp. 635-636, 1979.
[3]. K. Moss and R. P. Burford, (1992). A kinetic study of polypyrrole degradation. Polymer, 33, 1902–1908.
[4]. Shen, Y. Sun, W. Yao, Y. Lu, (2014). Facile synthesis of polypyrrole nanospheres and their carbonized products for potential application in high-performance supercapacitors. Polymer, 55, 2817–2824.
[5]. Wei, Q. Xu, Z. Chen, W. Rao, L. Fan, Y. Yuan, Z. Bai, J. Xu, (2017). An all-solid-state yarn supercapacitor using cotton yarn electrodes coated with polypyrrole nanotubes. Carbohydr. Polym., 169, 50–57.