IOSR-JAP   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

ABSTRACT: Numerical simulation has been used to investigate the effect of the different layer components on the performance of CuInGaSe2 solar cells. The effect of the gallium content in the Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 absorber and defect concentration in the CuInGaSe2 absorber and in the CdS buffer layer as well as the effect of defects at the n-CdS/CIGS interface on the cell implementation has been analyzed using SCAPS-1D software. The main photovoltaic parameters of simulated devices: open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and conversion efficiency () were analyzed as a function of the defect density in the different layers............

Keywords:: Numerical simulation; CIGS solar cell; SCAPS-1D; defects; efficiency.

[1]. http://www.PV-magazine.com (accessed 15.05 16 at 11h36 A.M.)
[2]. K. Subbar Ramaiah, Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Based Thin Film solar cell, Thin Films and Nanostructures, 35 (2011) 558.
[3]. E.Dilena, Y. Xie, R. Brescia, M. Prato, L. Maserati, R.Krahne, A. Paolella, G. Bertoni, M. Povia, I. Moreels, L. Manna, CuInxGa1−xS2,Nanocrystals with Tunable Composition and Band Gap Synthesized via a Phosphine-Free and Scalable Procedure. Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 3180−3187.
[4]. M. Burgelman, P. Nollet and S. Degrave, Modelling polycrystalline semiconductor solar cells, Thin Solid Films 361-362 (2000) 527-53.
[5]. M. Mostefaoui, H. Mazari, S.Khelifi, A. Bouraiou, R. Dabou. Simulation of High Efficiency CIGS solar cells with SCAPS-1D software, Energy Procedia 74 (2015) 736-744.

ABSTRACT: This study demonstrated designs of non polarizing AR coatings at high incidence angles for visible region. Results appear new design stacks of non- polarizing AR coatings with optimal specifications such as low reflectance for the performance of both S- and P-polarizations and limit the separation of the two planes of polarization whenever the angles of incidence increased.

Keywords:: .....

[1]. Jinn-Moon Yang and Cheng-Yan Kao, (2001),"Efficient evolutionary algorithm for the thin-film synthesis of inhomogeneous
optical coatings", Appl.Op,vol. 40, no. 19 , 3256-3267.
[2]. J.M. Yang and C-Y. Kao, (2000), "A robust evolutionary algorithm for optical thin-film designs", Proceedings of the 2000
Congress on Evolutionary Computation , La Jolla , California, USA., pp. 978-985.
[3]. Alaa N.Abed AL-Gaffar, Haifa G.Rashid, Ansam Q.Gahdban, "Modelling and optimum design band pass filter for mid IR region",
Journal of Baghdad for Science Vol .11, no.3, (2014) .
[4]. Alaa Nazar Abd algaffar, Alyaa Hussein Ali, Narmeen Ali Jasem, "New Construction Stacks for Optimization Designs of Edge
Filter", IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP ,Vol. 8, Issue 3 Ver. II (May. - Jun. 2016), PP 20-26.
[5]. M. A. Kats, J. Byrnes, R. Blanchard, M. Kolle, P. Genevet, (2013), "Enhancement of absorption and color contrast in ultra-thin
highly absorbing optical coatings", Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol.103, pp.101-104..

ABSTRACT: Nickel oxide doped CDO thin films have been deposited at room temperature and in 723K with different concentrations of NIO of x=( 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05)Wt% onto glass substrates by using pulsed laser deposition technique Nd-YAG laser with λ =1064nm , energy =500 mJ and number of shots = 500. the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveals that the characteriste deposited(CDO)(NIO) thin films polycrystalline was cubic structure and many peaks (111), (200), and (220)The results it was calculated show that the UV emission is at a constant peak position in the spectra.

Keywords:: (CDO)1-x(NIO)x Thin Film; structural properties; pulse laser deposition technique; optical properties and electrical properties..

[1]. Tribble, "electrical engineering materials and device applications" university of Lowa, 2002.
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ABSTRACT: Thin amorphous films of (Ge4Sb4Te6) have been widely employed in the technology. It has been prepared on glass substrates by a thermal evaporation technique. The target materials used for the films deposition were prepared by conventional solid state reaction in a vacuum sealed silica tube to avoid oxide formation. The effect of thermal annealing on structure and optical properties had been investigated. As deposited and annealed films from 200oC to 350oC was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM)............

Keywords:: Thin films-thermal annealing-amorphous-crystalline.

[1]. E. Morales-Sanchez, B. Lain, E. Prokhorov, M.A. Hernandez-Landaverde, G. Trapaga, J. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Vacuum 84 (2010) 87781.
[2]. M. Naito, M. Ishimaru, Y. Hirotsu, R. Kojima, N. Yamada, J. Appl. Phys. 107 (2010) 103507.
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[5]. A. Mendoza-Galvana, E. Garcıa-Garcıab, Y.V. Vorobieva, J. Gonza´lez- Herna´ndez, Microelectron. Eng. 51–52 (2000) 677.

ABSTRACT: The common calculations of discrete emission (in spectral lines) of hydrogen atoms and the continuous emission of hydrogen negative ions are made. The equation system (UST) of statistical equilibrium has been resolved in most full manner for radiation of hydrogen plasma in solar active formations. As initial data we use the observed intensities of spectral lines of hydrogen plasma. We use also all complex of modern information on solar flares and other flare-like formations and events. In the first time, the full system of equation of statistical equilibrium for hydrogen plasma without limiting of number of quantum states has been composited............

Keywords:: physic energy, hydrogen plasma, the Sun, managed hydrogen energetics, full equation system of statistical equilibrium, UST, Layman-alpha radiation,

[1]. Ambartsumjan V. A., Mustel E. R., Severny A. B., and Sobolev V. V. Theoretical Astrophysics. М., "GITTL", 1952, 635 p. (ru).
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ABSTRACT: Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses containing Er3+ in (25- x): Bi2O3:20Li2O:20ZnO: 35B2O3:xEr2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross–section of various emission lines have been evaluated...........

Keywords:: Amorphous nature, Optical Properties, Judd-Ofelt Theory, Rare earth ions.

[1]. Camall. W.T., Eields, P.R. and Rajanak, K. ( 1964). Eloectronic energy levels in the trivalent lanthanide aquo ions. Pr3+,Nd3+,Pm3+,Sm3+,Dy3+,Ho3+,Er3+ and Tm3+, J.Chem.Phys., 49(10): 4424-4442.
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ABSTRACT: A highly sensitive and selective third order derivative spectrophotometric method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of Vanadium and palladium. V(V) and Pd(II) react with the Chromogenic reagent 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoichydrazone (HNHBH) at pH 4 to form deep yellow and greenish yellow coloured solutions with max at 430 nm. Both the metal ions were simultaneously determined by measuring the third derivative amplitudes at 465.5 nm and 482.5 nm (zero cross method) against the reagent blank and plotting against the amount of the corresponding metal ion. Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0.050 – 1.935 μg mL-1 and 0.022-2.021 μg mL-1 for V(V) and Pd(II) respectively. No interference from associated anions and cations was observed. The method was applied for the determination of V (V) and Pd (II) in plant, pharmaceutical, water and alloy samples.

Keywords: Simultaneous determination, Third order spectrophotometry, Vanadium and Palladium, HNHBH

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ABSTRACT: Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) thin films were grown ontooptical flat fused quartz and chronic glass by using a thermal evaporation technique for optical and structural investigations, respectively.The prepared films were divided into three groups; the first group was as-grown films, and the second and third groups were irradiated with X-ray radiation with energies 6 and 15 MeV.The crystal structure and morphology of the grown Bi2Te3thin films were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scan electron microscopy (SEM) before and after exposed to X-ray irradiation. The optical constants(Refractive index, n, and absorption index, k) of as-grown and irradiated Bi2Te3 thin films were estimated and calculated in the wavelength range from 200 to 2500 nm by using spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence......

Keywords: Bismuth telluride; thin film; X-ray irradiation; the linear dispersionparameters; the non-linear dispersion parameters .

[1]. D. A. Wright, Nature, 1958, 181, 834.
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ABSTRACT: Neutral atom trapping and laser cooling has opened the way to large prospects for the present generation of atomic frequency standards [1]. A cold cesium fountain device has been built for the first time at the Observatoire de Paris and is now operating since 1994. Its frequency stability, 4 10-14 - 1/2 where  is the integration time, has been the best one ever measured for a while. This letter shows how accurate can be the measurement of low static magnetic fields within the fountain device and the variations along the longitudinal and transverse axis. Thus the device is no more operating as a clock but constitutes a very precise magnetometer.

[1]. A. Clairon, S. Ghezali, G. Santarelli, Ph. Laurent, S. N. Lea, M. Bahoura, E. Simon, S. Weyers and K. Szymaniec, Preliminary accuracy evaluation of a cesium fountain frequency standard, 5 th Symposium of frequency Standards and Metrology, Boston, USA. October 1995; A. Clairon, Ph. Laurent, G. Santarelli, S. Ghezali, S. N. Lea and M. Bahoura, IEEE trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 44, No. 2, April 1995.
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ABSTRACT: A low noise differential detector has been constructed in order to reduce the laser shot noise. A factor of 30dB of the reduction of the rejection noise has been obtained by simulating the amplitude modulation of two laser probes with a home-made electro-optical modulator (EOM). Cold atom devices have a detection zone which may be non-separated from the trapping/cooling zone. The aim of this short letter is to demonstrate the power of a homodyne balanced mode differential detection in a cold atom device experiment and to extrapolate it in a modulation transfer spectroscopy technique. A differential detector has been built with two identical Silicone photodiodes mounted as shown in figure 1 [1]. The photocurrent derived from both photodiodes is controled by the interfet transistor and amplified with a one stage low noise amplifier.

[1] P. C. Hobbs, Reaching the shot noise limit, Optics & Photonics News, 17-23, Avril 1991.
[2] S. Ghezali, Private communication, 2000.
[3] J. M. McGuirk, G. T. Foster, J. B. Fixler and M. A. Kasevich, Opt. Lett., Vol. 26, Issue 6, Mars 2001.