iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2025

Abstract: Phantoms are essential in radiotherapy for quality assurance, patient-specific dose verification, and training by mimicking human tissue to measure and optimize radiation doses, ensuring safe and effective treatment. They allow for testing treatment planning systems, machine calibration, and validating treatment delivery methods before they are used on real patients. In both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, there are issues related to patient or organ motion. Motion can degrade image quality or interfere with the delivery of the desired dose distribution. Published articles related motion phantom in Radiotherapy between 2006 to 2024 are analysis and summarized tabulated.......

Key words: Motion Phantom, Radiation Therapy, Organ motion, Dose measurement

[1]. Kanagaki, Brian, et al. "A motion phantom study on helical tomotherapy: the dosimetric impacts of delivery technique and motion." Physics in Medicine & Biology 52.1 (2006): 243.
[2]. Nioutsikou, Elena, et al. "Quantifying the effect of respiratory motion on lung tumour dosimetry with the aid of a breathing phantom with deforming lungs." Physics in Medicine & Biology 51.14 (2006): 3359.
[3]. Nakamura, Mitsuhiro, et al. "Impact of motion velocity on four‐dimensional target volumes: a phantom study." Medical physics 36.5 (2009): 1610-1617.
[4]. Kissick, Michael W., et al. "A phantom model demonstration of tomotherapy dose painting delivery, including managed respiratory motion without motion management." Physics in Medicine & Biology 55.10 (2010): 2983.
[5]. Chang, Jina, Tae‐Suk Suh, and Dong‐Soo Lee. "Development of a deformable lung phantom for the evaluation of deformable registration." Journal of applied clinical medical physics 11.1 (2010): 281-286.

Abstract: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm arising from stromal dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles. It can occur in nodal or extra nodal sites, and diagnosis relies on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. We report a case of FDCS in a 34-year-old man presenting with a right iliac fossa mass, initially suspected to be an extratesticular germ cell tumor. Surgical excision and subsequent histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. The case emphasizes the importance of considering FDCS in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.

Keywords: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, lymphoid tissue, CD21, CD23, Vimentin, soft tissue tumor, case report

[1]. van Nierop K, de Groot C. Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin, and development. Semin Immunol. 2002;14(4):251–257.
[2]. Chan JK. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. An update and diagnostic approach. Adv Anat Pathol. 1997;4(6):352–361.
[3]. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematolymphoid Tumours, 5th Edition. IARC Press; 2022.
[4]. Saygin C, Uzunaslan D, Ozguroglu M, Senocak M, Tuzuner N. Dendritic cell sarcoma: a pooled analysis including 462 cases with presentation of our case series. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;88(2):253–271.
[5]. Fonseca R, Yamakawa M, Nakamura S, et al. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22(8):944–955.

Abstract: Introduction: Fournier’s gangrene is a common polymicrobial infection that require serial debridement and leaves complex scrotal defects after. Among the various reconstructive options, the pudendal thigh flap is a sensate, axial Fascio-cutaneous flap based on branches of the internal pudendal/perineal system that offers thin, stable, pliable cover with favourable texture match, potential protective sensation, and the ability to create a roomy, ptotic neo-scrotum in one stage.....

1. Pol AG, Groeneveld AE, de Jong IJ, Mensink HJ. [Fournier’s gangrene]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1999 Oct 30;143(44):2177–81.
2. Sahai R, Singh S. Thirty-year experience of utility of island groin flap for scrotal defect single-stage reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Oct;74(10):2629–36.
3. Hart J, DeSano J, Hajjar R, Lumley C. Total scrotal reconstruction following Fournier’s gangrene with bilateral prelaminated superior medial thigh flaps. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Apr 15;14(4).
4. Banks DW, O’Brien DP, Amerson JR, Hester TR. Gracilis musculocutaneous flap scrotal reconstruction after Fournier gangrene. Urology. 1986 Oct;28(4):275–6.
5. Jeanjean C, Tomczak S, Lannes F, Abellan-Lopez M, Casanova D. Testicular lodges creation during scrotal reconstruction by ALT (anterolateral thigh) island flap after Fournier gangrene: A case report. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2025 Jul;70(4):258–63.

Abstract: Vesicullobullous lesions represent a heterogeneous group of mucocutaneous disorders characterized by vesicle and bullae formation, often resulting from autoimmune, genetic, infectious, or drug-induced etiologies. Accurate diagnosis and effective management require a thorough understanding of the clinical presentation, histopathology, and underlying molecular mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of vesicullobullous lesions, including their classification, antigenic targets, and immunopathogenesis. Emphasis is placed on autoimmune disorders such as Pemphigus vulgaris.....

Key words:- Vesicullobullous lesions, Autoantibody, Desmogleins, Pemphigus, Mesenchymal stem cells.

[1]. Huang S, Hsu S, Motaparthi K. Vesiculobullous Diseases. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Jan 26;58(2):186. doi: 10.3390/medicina58020186. PMID: 35208511; PMCID: PMC8876315.
[2]. Duong TA, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Chosidow O. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. The Lancet. 2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1996-2011.
[3]. Gane NF. A guide to bullous lesions of the skin. Journal of clinical pathology. 1973 Mar;26(3):235.
[4]. Dr. M Pavani, Dr. P Harika and Dr. Ashok Kumar Deshpande. Clinicopathological study of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin and the diagnostic utility of immunofluorescence. Int. J. Clin. Diagn. Pathol. 2020;3(1):252-257. DOI: 10.33545/pathol.2020.v3.i1d.183
[5]. Patel PR, Patel PB, Chiplonkar SG. Histopathological study of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin; A study at tertiary care hospital. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014 Jun 1;3(6):738-40.

Abstract: The study explored on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetrated by male spouses, which was noted to be rampant in the global world, including Zimbabwe. The research objectives focused on: identifying factors leading to intimate male partner’s violence and proffering strategies that address the factors contributing towards the IPV by male spousal partners in the Hatcliffe suburb of Harare. The beneficiaries of the research include the academia, both female and male spouses, family members and communities, government institutions and the corporate world.......

Keywords: Health of Women, Impact of IPV, Zimbabwe

[1] Tate, A. R., Martire, L., & Zhaoyang, R. (2019) Daily spousal responsiveness and physical health: A diary study examining links between partner behaviors and well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(10), 3103–3121.
[2] Chantler, K., & McCarry, M. (2020) Beyond coercive control: Understanding domestic abuse within gendered and intersectional frameworks. Violence Against Women, 26(15–16), 1904–1923.
[3] World Health Organization. (2020) Violence against women: Prevalence estimates 2018. WHO Press, Geneva.
[4] Mukamana, J., Machakanja, P., & Adjei, N. K. (2020) Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–11.
[5] Shamu, S., Zarowsky, C., Roelens, K., Temmerman, M., & Abrahams, N. (2016) High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–8.

Abstract: The earth keeps spinning on its orbit, days fade into nights, the world moves on but nothing changes for the Rohingyas. The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who predominantly follow Islam from Rakhine State, Myanmar. One of the most persecuted minorities in the world, the Rohingya are denied citizenship. There are also restrictions on their freedom of movement, access to state education and civil service jobs. In 2017, over 740,000 Rohingyas fled to Bangladesh. The Rohingya refugee influx has significantly impacted Bangladesh by straining public services, infrastructure, and the environment, while also creating social and economic challenges........

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Abstract: Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe neurological emergency with high mortality and long-term disability. Anaesthetic management significantly influences perioperative stability and outcomes, yet the comparative effects of total intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia remain unclear, especially in South Asia. This study aimed to evaluate and compare intraoperative stability and postoperative outcomes between these two anaesthetic techniques in patients undergoing surgical clipping for aSAH........

Keywords: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, Anaesthesia management, Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), Inhalational anaesthesia, and Neurological outcomes.

[1]. Lv B, Lan JX, Si YF, Ren YF, Li MY, Guo FF, Tang G, Bian Y, Wang XH, Zhang RJ, Du ZH. Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021. Military Medical Research. 2024 Jul 11;11(1):46.
[2]. Ziu E, Suheb MK, Mesfin F. Subarachnoid hemorrhage. StatPearls. 2023 Jun 1.
[3]. Rinkel GJ, Gijn J. Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Textbook of Stroke Medicine. 2019 Apr 18;2(9):233.
[4]. de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2007 Dec 1;78(12):1365-72.
[5]. Nicholson P, O’Hare A, Power S, Looby S, Javadpour M, Thornton J, Brennan P. Decreasing incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurointerventional surgery. 2019 Mar 1;11(3):320-2.

Abstract: Introduction: Anemia is a common and serious complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis, contributing to fatigue, reduced quality of life, and cardiovascular complications. Roxadustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), represents a novel oral therapy that enhances endogenous erythropoietin production. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Roxadustat for anemia management in Bangladeshi hemodialysis patients over 24 weeks........

Keywords: Roxadustat, Anemia, Hemodialysis, Iron Utilisation

[1]. Stauffer ME, Fan T. Prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease in the United States. PloS one. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e84943.
[2]. Vlagopoulos PT, Tighiouart H, Weiner DE, Griffith J, Pettitt D, Salem DN, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ. Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: the impact of chronic kidney disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2005 Nov 1;16(11):3403-10.
[3]. Locatelli F, Pisoni RL, Akizawa T, Cruz JM, DeOreo PB, Lameire NH, Held PJ. Anemia management for hemodialysis patients: kidney disease outcomes quality initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines and dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (DOPPS) findings. American journal of kidney diseases. 2004 Nov 1;44:27-33.
[4]. Babitt JL, Lin HY. Molecular mechanisms of hepcidin regulation: implications for the anemia of CKD. American journal of kidney diseases. 2010 Apr 1;55(4):726-41.
[5]. Ganz T, Nemeth E. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 2012 Sep 1;1823(9):1434-43.

Abstract: Background: Spine surgery presents significant anaesthetic challenges involving airway management, prone positioning, and neuromonitoring. Intraoperative neuromonitoring improves neural safety but is limited by anaesthetic interference and resource constraints in South Asia. This study aimed to assess the key anaesthetic challenges of airway, positioning, and neuromonitoring during spine surgery in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 120 adult patients (ASA I–IV) undergoing elective or emergency cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or scoliosis spine surgeries under general anaesthesia........

Keywords: Anaesthetic Challenges, Spine surgery, Airway management, Positioning, and Neuromonitoring

[1]. Alboog A, Bae S, Chui J. Anesthetic management of complex spine surgery in adult patients: a review based on outcome evidence. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 2019 Oct 1;32(5):600-8.
[2]. World Health Organization. WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings. World Health Organization; 2023 Dec 7.
[3]. Torre M, Piazzolla A, Ciminello E, Falcone T, Carrani E, Pascucci S, Franzò M, Barbagallo G, Vitiello V, Zanoli G, Biondi A. Time trends in spine surgery in Italy: a nationwide, population-based study of 1,560,969 records of administrative health data from 2001 to 2019. Acta Orthopaedica. 2025 Mar 13;96:256.
[4]. Kumar R, Lim J, Mekary RA, Rattani A, Dewan MC, Sharif SY, Osorio-Fonseca E, Park KB. Traumatic spinal injury: global epidemiology and worldwide volume. World neurosurgery. 2018 May 1;113:e345-63.
[5]. Ning GZ, Wu Q, Li YL, Feng SQ. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Asia: a systematic review. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2012 Jul 1;35(4):229-39.

Abstract: Background: Volar Barton’s fracture is intra-articular fractures of distal radius with volar luxation of the carpus. This severely affects wrist functions, leads to significant disability and high economic impact. Fortunately, the incidence is very low (only 1.2 4.2% of distal radius fractures). These fractures are inherently unstable, require fixation. In practices, various instruments are used for the operative management. Volar locking plate provides buttressing and stable.......

Keywords: Volar Barton’s fracture, distal radius, volar locking plate, functional outcome, radiological outcome

[1]. Eschweiler J, Li J, Quack V, Rath B, Baroncini A, Hildebrand F, Migliorini F. Anatomy, biomechanics, and loads of the wrist joint. Life. 2022 Jan 27;12(2):188.
[2]. Liu Y, Waheed MZ, Wang D, Zhou J. Treatment of Distal Radial Fracture Fixation Using Volar Rim Distal Radius Plate: A Prospective Study.
[3]. Huang YM, Chen CY, Lin KC, Tarng YW, Liao CY, Chang WN. Functional outcomes following fixation of a marginal distal radius fracture with two commonly used volar locking plates: a retrospective cohort study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2022 Jan 3;23(1):18.
[4]. Candela V, Di Lucia P, Carnevali C, Milanese A, Spagnoli A, Villani C, Gumina S. Epidemiology of distal radius fractures: a detailed survey on a large sample of patients in a suburban area. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2022 Dec;23(1):43.
[5]. Dai M, Wu C, Liu H, Wang I, Yu C, Wang K, Chen C, Jung C. Treatment of volar Barton's fractures: comparison between two common surgical techniques. Chang Gung medical journal. 2006 Jul 1;29(4):388.

Abstract: This study examines the impact of electronic health records on healthcare delivery system highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with their use.

Keywords: EHR [Electronic Health Records], ROI [Return On Investment], EMR {Electronic Medical Records]

[1]. Ng’andu, D., & Haabazoka, L. (Year). A study of the effect of health records digitalization on healthcare facility operational efficiency. University of Zambia.
[2]. Nurses’ perceptions and confidence in using electronic medical record (EMR) systems in a hospital setting in Muscat, Oman.
[3]. Aldosari, B., Al-Mansour, S., Aldosari, H., & Alanazi, A. (2018). Assessment of factors influencing nurses’ acceptance of electronic medical record in a Saudi Arabia hospital. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 10, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2017.12.007
[4]. Ahammed, N., Pareek, N., & Tanwar, V. (2024). Examining the implementation challenges and benefits of electronic health records (EHR) systems in large hospital settings. International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies, 6(2), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2024.v6.i1a.1153
[5]. Ramesh, S., & Subramanian, P. (2025). Doctors’ perceptions of electronic medical record adoption in a private hospital in India: A mixed-methods study. BMC Health Services Research, 25(4), Article 12877. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-025-12877-5