iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2025

Abstract: In the 1960s, surgery for diabetic patients had a mortality rate of 4 to 13%. Since then, advances in perioperative care—including improved preoperative assessments and careful insulin management—have lowered these risks. Today, approximately 9% of hospital beds are occupied by diabetic patients, and around 11.3% of surgeries are performed on individuals with diabetes. On average, a person with diabetes has a 50% chance of undergoing surgery.....

Key words: Surgical Site Infection; Bacteriology; Diabetes Mellitus; Wound Healing; Hospital Stay

[1]. Nichols RL. Postoperative infections in the age of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Am J Med 1998; 104: 11-16.
[2]. Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, Jarvis WR, Emori TG. CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: A modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992; 13: 606-08.
[3]. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guidelines for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20 (4): 247-80.
[4]. Leaper DJ. Surgical infection. In: Williams NS, Bullstrode CJK, O’Connell PR, editors. Bailey’s and Love’s: Short Practice of Surgery. 25th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2008. p. 32-33..Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards CL Jr, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimated health care-associated infections and death in U.S. hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep 2007; 122: 160-66.
[5]. Howard JM, Baker WF, Culbertson WR. Post-operative wound infections: The influence of ultraviolet irradiation of the operating room and of various other factors. Ann Surg 1964; 160: 1-192

Abstract: Effective clinical handoff communication is essential for ensuring patient safety, continuity of care, and reducing preventable medical errors. This study aimed to evaluate monthly and department-wise compliance with handoff communication practices among nurses in a tertiary care hospital from October 2024 to October 2025. A retrospective observational design was used, and data were collected using a structured handoff communication checklist....

Keywords: Handoff communication, nursing compliance, patient safety, clinical handover, non-compliance, SBAR, healthcare communication quality, hospital departments, observational study, compliance percentage

[1]. Ghosh M, O’Connell B, Nguyen HT, Coventry L, Towell-Barnard A, Gallagher O, et al. Patient and Family Involvement in Nursing Bedside Handover: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Consumer Perceptions of Nursing Care. Nurs Rep. 2025 Feb 1;15(2).
[2]. Till A, Sall H, Wilkinson J. Safe Handover : Safe Patients - The Electronic Handover System. BMJ Qual Improv Rep. 2014;2(2):u202926.w1359.
[3]. Sadaf Bhayat. Development of better teamwork on a NICU using the TeamSTEPPS concept. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT. 2020;16(4).
[4]. Malekzadeh J, Mazluom SR, Etezadi T, Tasseri A. A standardized shift handover protocol: improving nurses’ safe practice in intensive care units. J Caring Sci [Internet]. 2013 Sep;2(3):177–85. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25276725
[5]. Tomás MAR, Soares MR, Oliveira-Lopes JM, Sousa LMM, Martins VLD. The influence of nursing handover on nurses’ mental health: A scoping. Vol. 12, AIMS Public Health. American Institute of Mathematical Sciences; 2025. p. 106–23

Abstract: The study explored on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetrated by male spouses, which was noted to be rampant in the global world, including Zimbabwe. The research objectives focused on: identifying factors leading to intimate male partner’s violence and proffering strategies that address the factors contributing towards the IPV by male spousal partners in the Hatcliffe suburb of Harare. The beneficiaries of the research include the academia, both female and male spouses, family members and communities, government institutions and the corporate world. The study, which was guided by one of the nursing models, the Ecological Model of Health....

Keywords: Health of Women, Impact of IPV, Zimbabwe

[1] Tate, A. R., Martire, L., & Zhaoyang, R. (2019) Daily spousal responsiveness and physical health: A diary study examining links between partner behaviors and well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(10), 3103–3121.
[2] Chantler, K., & McCarry, M. (2020) Beyond coercive control: Understanding domestic abuse within gendered and intersectional frameworks. Violence Against Women, 26(15–16), 1904–1923.
[3] World Health Organization. (2020) Violence against women: Prevalence estimates 2018. WHO Press, Geneva.
[4] Mukamana, J., Machakanja, P., & Adjei, N. K. (2020) Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–11.
[5] Shamu, S., Zarowsky, C., Roelens, K., Temmerman, M., & Abrahams, N. (2016) High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–8..

Abstract: Background: Knowledge of root canal anatomy of the lower second premolar (mandibular second premolar) is critical for successful endodontic treatment. Anatomical variations may lead to missed canals and treatment failure. Objective: To evaluate the canal configuration of 200 lower second premolars and report the prevalence of Vertucci canal types and relevant demographic correlations. Methods: This....

Keywords: lower second premolar, root canal configuration, Vertucci classification, endodontics, CBCT

[1]. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589-599.
[2]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CCS. The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular premolars: a literature review. J Endod. 2007;33(5):509-516.
[3]. Sert S, Bayırlı GS. Evaluation of the root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary permanent teeth by gender in the Turkish population. J Endod. 2004;30(6):391-398.
[4]. Fan B, Yang J, Gutmann JL, Fan M. Root canal systems in mandibular first and second premolars with C-shaped root configurations. J Endod. 2008;34(12):1438-1442.
[5]. Ahmed HMA, Versiani MA, De-Deus G, Dummer PMH. A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology. Int Endod J. 2017;50(8):761-770

Abstract: The present study evaluated the sound working capital strategies in relation to own sources income and liquidity capacities of Urban Local Government in West Bengal. The study covered two municipal corporations in West Bengal. Quantitative research approach was used in this study. The quantitative data was collected from Account Department of respective Municipal Corporations. The quantitative data was analyzed by using ratio analysis...

Keywords: Urban Local Government, own source income, Urban Local Government liquidity capacities, sound working capital management, working capital

[1]. Aijaz, R. (2006). Challenges for urban local governments in India, Asia research centre Working Paper Number 19, 5-8. Asia research centre Retrieved from: https://www.semanticscholar.org.>paper>
[2]. Bandyopadhyay, S. (2014) Critical issues in municipal finance: A summary for India. American International Journal of Social Science, 3(4), 134-145.
[3]. Bhattacharyya, S. & Bandyopodhyaya, G. (2012) Urban local bodies in India: Financial control for better financial performance. Theoretical and Empirical Research in Urban Management, 7(3), 24-36.
[4]. Daware, A. (2013). Financial management by urban self-governing body especially municipal coronation (Mahanagarpalika) with special reference to the Nagpur. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management. Special Issue for National Conference on Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013), valume 2, issue 12, Sl 59 (no page no is there) Retrieved from: https://www.ijaiem.org>RATMIG-2013
[5]. Fjeldstad, H., Katera. L., Msami, J., & Ngalewa, E. (2010). Local government finance and financial management in Tanzania, empirical evidence of trends 2000-07. Research on poverty alleviation special paper no 10/2. Retrieved from: https://www.africaportal.org/publications/local-government-finances-and-financial-management-in-tanzania-empirical-evidence-of-trends-2000-2007-2/

Abstract: Background: Evisceration of small intestine through the anus following blunt abdominal injury is a rare occurrence in children. It is quite frightening and associated with parental anxiety.
Objectives: To report two cases of Trans-anal evisceration of small intestines, to describe the mechanisms of injuries and management and to review the literature.
Case reports....

Keywords: Blunt abdominal injury, Trans-anal and Evisceration, Children

[1]. Narayana Swamy Chetty.Y.V. et al. Transanal Evisceration of Small Bowel- A Rare Surgical Emergency. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014; 8(1): 183-184.
[2]. Brodie BC. Case of a singular variety of hernia. London Med Phys J 1827 2, 529 .
[3]. Papa AB et al. Transanal evisceration of small intestine in children secondary to contusion of the abdomen: a case report. Pamj.2011, 10.50.1190
[4]. Bronkhorst MW, Wilde JC, Hamming JF, Heij HA. Anorectal impalement in a pediatric patient with transanal evisceration of small bowel. J Pediatr Surg, 2007; 42:23-25.
[5]. Ravikumar R, Robb A, Jawaheer G. Small bowel evisceration through the rectum in childhood. J Pediatr Surg,2008; 43:562–563

Abstract: Background ans Aim: Spinal anaesthesia with local anaesthetics alone has limited duration.Adjuvants like fentanyl and dexmedetomidine enhance block characteristics and prolong analgesia. This study compared the efficacy of fentanyl versus dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to intrathecal hyperbaric levobupivacaine. Methods: A prospective, comparative, randomized study was conducted on 40 ASA I-II patients aged 18-60 years undergoing lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group LF receiving....

Keywords: Levobupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, Spinal anaesthesia, Lower limb surgery

[1]. Rastogi K, Bharti AK, Singh Y, Ranjan P. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to intrathecal levobupivacaine in lower segment cesarean section: A prospective, randomized double blind study. Anaesth Pain Intensive Care. 2020;24(4):383-8.
[2]. Sun S, Wang J, Bao N, Chen Y, Wang J. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as local anesthetic adjuvants in spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:3413-24.
[3]. Neha S, Rai KS, Maurya I, Maurya GR. Comparison of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine vs Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Hyperbaric Levobupivacaine in Infraumbilical Surgeries Under Spinal Anaesthesia. J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res. 2024;13:482-90.
[4]. Kang GS, Arora N, Ahmad S, Deswal N, Saha N. A comparison of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to 0.5% levobupivacaine in the lower limb surgeries: A randomized double blind study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci. 2022;7(2):10-13.
[5]. Abdallah FW, Brull R. Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(6):915-25.

Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a multifactorial pathophysiology. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a key contributor to symptom generation through its interactions with intestinal permeability, immune activation, and the gut–brain axis. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the role of the gut microbiota in IBS, the mechanisms involved, and therapeutic perspectives based on microbiota modulation. No original data were collected for this article..

Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, gut–brain axis, probiotics, narrative review

[1]. Barbara G, et al. Gastroenterology. 2016.
[2]. Mayer EA, et al. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015.
[3]. Ford AC, et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020.
[4]. Pittayanon R, et al. Gastroenterology. 2019.
[5]. Chong PP, et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019.

Abstract: Periodontal diseases are defined as an inflammatory process associated with bacterial activity and mediated by the host immune response. This aggression can result in loss of connective tissue attachment and consequently bone loss. It is well established that cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor in the development of periodontitis. The progression of the disease is directly related to the frequency of smoking, with heavy smokers showing more severeis....

Keywords: Periodontal disease; electronic cigarette; tobacco smoking; cigarette

[1]. St Claire S, Fayokun R, Commar A, Schotte K, Prasad VM. The World Health Organization’s World No Tobacco Day 2020 Campaign Exposes Tobacco and Related Industry Tactics to Manipulate Children and Young People and Hook a New Generation of Users. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020;67(3):334-337.
[2]. Armitage GC. Development of a Classification System for Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. Annals of Periodontology. 1999;4(1):1-6.
[3]. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S159-72.[4].
Javed F, Samaranayake LP, Al-Askar M, Al-Hezaimi K. Periodontal Disease in Habitual Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers With and Without Prediabetes. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2013;345(2):94-98.
[5]. Lee S, Kimm H, Yun JE, Jee SH. Public Health Challenges of Electronic Cigarettes in South Korea. J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(6):235-241.

Abstract: Background: The airway is assumed to play a role in dentofacial development. It was observed that there is a correlation between patients with normal nasorespiratory functions and different malocclusions and airway dimensions. Upper airway assessment is particularly important in the daily work of orthodontists, pediatric dentists, ENT specialists, speech therapists etc. A narrow upper airway is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It can be determined by lateral cephalograms routinely.
Objectives: To evaluate....

[1]. Kaur S, Rai S, Sinha A, Ranjan V, Mishra D, Panjwani S. A lateral cephalogram study for evaluation of pharyngeal airway space and its relation to neck circumference and body mass index to determine predictors of obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2015 Jan 1;27(1):2-8.
[2]. Hsu WE, Wu TY. Comparison of upper airway measurement by lateral cephalogram in upright position and CBCT in supine position. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2019 Jun 1;14(2):185-91.[3].
Pirilä-Parkkinen K, Löppönen H, Nieminen P, Tolonen U, Pääkkö E, Pirttiniemi P. Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study. The Angle Orthodontist. 2011 May 1;81(3):433-9.
[4]. Zinsly SD, Moraes LC, Moura PD, Ursi W. Assessment of pharyngeal airway space using cone-beam computed tomography. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 2010; 15:150-8.