iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-10 ~ Oct. 2026

Abstract: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering aesthetic practice through facial analysis, three-dimensional (3D) scanning, outcome simulation and patient communication tools. Dentistry already works within a mature digital workflow (intraoral scanning, cone-beam computed tomography, digital smile design), which makes it a natural setting for AI-assisted facial planning in orofacial harmonization. Whether these tools are accurate, fair and safe enough for clinical decisions, however, remains uncertain.......

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; deep learning; facial analysis; 3D facial scanning; orofacial harmonization; smile design; algorithmic bias.

[1] Al-Dhubaibi MS, Mohammed GF, Atef LM, Bahaj SS, Al-Dhubaibi AM, Bukhari AM. Artificial intelligence in aesthetic medicine: applications, challenges, and future directions. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025;24(6):e70241. doi:10.1111/jocd.70241
[2] Stephanian B, Karki S, Debnath K, Saltychev M, Rossi-Meyer M, Kandathil CK, et al. Role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in facial aesthetic surgery: a systematic review. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med. 2024;26(6):679-705. doi:10.1089/fpsam.2024.0204
[3] Schlessinger DI. Artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology and dermatologic surgery. Dermatol Clin. 2025;43(4):585-591. doi:10.1016/j.det.2025.05.009[4] Elder A, Cappelli MO, Ring C, Saedi N. Artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology: an update on current trends. Clin Dermatol. 2024;42(3):216-220. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.12.015
[5] Industries Cosmétiques. Aesthetic trends 2026: naturalness, sustainability and AI [Internet]. [cited 2026 Oct 24]. Available from: https://www.industries-cosmetiques.fr/en/?p=25002 (report of a Perfect Corp. consumer survey, n = 300, combined with Spate search-trend data)

Abstract: Postoperative haemorrhage following head-and-neck surgery can create a time-critical airway emergency in which oedema, restricted mouth opening and blood contamination compromise airway management. We describe awake flexible fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation in a 25-year-old man requiring emergency re-exploration for postoperative haemorrhage following left hemiglossectomy. The procedure was undertaken at approximately 4 a.m. in an anxious patient with marked facial and tongue oedema, mouth opening limited to one finger breadth and haemodynamic evidence of significant blood loss.....

Keywords: Awake tracheal intubation; difficult airway; flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy; head-and-neck surgery; postoperative haemorrhage.

[1]. Ahmad I, El-Boghdadly K, Bhagrath R, Hodzovic I, McNarry AF, Mir F, et al. Difficult Airway Society guidelines for awake tracheal intubation (ATI) in adults. Anaesthesia. 2020;75:509–528. doi:10.1111/anae.14904.
[2]. Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Connis RT, Abdelmalak BB, Agarkar M, Dutton RP, et al. 2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology. 2022;136:31–81. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000004002.
[3]. Myatra SN, Shah A, Kundra P, Patwa A, Ramkumar V, Divatia JV, et al. All India Difficult Airway Association 2016 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in adults. Indian J Anaesth. 2016;60:885–898. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.195485.
[4]. Cook TM, Woodall N, Frerk C; Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the United Kingdom: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:617–631. doi:10.1093/bja/aer058.
[5]. Inoue S, Fujimoto Y, Kawano Y, Furuya H. Difficult passage of the endotracheal tube and massive nasal bleeding during awake nasal fiberoptic intubation in a patient with airway obstruction caused by neck hematoma—a case report. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2011;21:125–127. PMID: 21991746.
[6]. Hebbar KC, Nagarajappa A, Chandramouli M, Anvi. Extensive supraglottic mass—An anesthetist's nightmare. Saudi J Anaesth. 2025;19:131–133. doi:10.4103/sja.sja_466_24.

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with significant postoperative pain despite its minimally invasive nature. Intraperitoneal ropivacaine has been proposed as an effective multimodal analgesic technique to reduce postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and facilitate early recovery.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized double-blind study was conducted on 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients received either intraperitoneal ropivacaine (3 mg/kg diluted to 100 mL) or 100 mL normal saline.....

Key Word: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Intraperitoneal ropivacaine; Postoperative analgesia; Visual Analogue Scale; Rescue analgesia; Multimodal analgesia.

[1]. Liang M, Chen Y, Zhu W, Zhou D. Efficacy and safety of different doses of ropivacaine for laparoscopy-assisted infiltration analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective randomized control trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Nov 13;99(46):e22540. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022540. PMID: 33181643; PMCID: PMC7668433.
[2]. Liu YY, Yeh CN, Lee HL, Wang SY, Tsai CY, Lin CC, Chao TC, Yeh TS, Jan YY. Local anesthesia with ropivacaine for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 May 21;15(19):2376–2380. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.2376. PMID: 19452582.
[3]. Labaille T, Mazoit JX, Paqueron X, Franco D, Benhamou D. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal ropivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jan;94(1):100-5, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200201000-00019. PMID: 11772809.
[4]. Cao L, Yang T, Hou Y, Yong S, Zhou N. Efficacy and safety of different preemptive analgesia measures in pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Ther. 2024 Sep;13:1471–1497. doi:10.1007/s40122-024-00567-w.
[5]. Hasnain S, Lakshmi Priya RS. Comparison of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Intraperitoneal Instillation for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus. 2024 Nov 6;16(11):e73167. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73167. PMID: 39651024; PMCID: PMC11624124.

Abstract: Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) such as semaglutide and the dual agonist tirzepatide produce mean weight reductions of 15% to 21% in pivotal trials and have become one of the fastest-growing drug classes in the United States. Rapid fat loss is accompanied by facial deflation, laxity and an aged appearance popularly called “Ozempic face”. Because the lower third of the face, the lips and the masticatory system are the daily territory of dentistry, dental professionals are often the first clinicians to observe these changes, yet the dental literature has barely addressed them......

Key Word: GLP-1 receptor agonists; semaglutide; tirzepatide; facial volume loss; biostimulators; orofacial harmonization; dentistry.

[1] Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
[2] Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
[3] Werner N, Pitchika V, Bumm CV, Heck K, Folwaczny M, Schwendicke F. GLP-1 receptor agonists in dentistry: promise, pitfalls, and evidence gaps. J Dent Res. 2026 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1177/00220345261488338
[4] Hu BD, Chau CA, Ghalili S, Navrazhina K, Guttman-Yassky E, He H. Cutaneous effects and aesthetic management of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review. Clin Dermatol. 2026 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.09.041
[5] Yoo KH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-associated facial changes: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, prevention, and management. Aesthet Surg J. 2026 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1093/asj/sjag230