iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2026

Abstract: Background Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and oligohydramnios contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of women at risk allows timely preventive interventions. Maternal serum biomarkers including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and placental growth factor....

Keywords: PAPP-A, Placental Growth Factor, β-hCG, Preeclampsia, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, First-Trimester Screening

[1]. . C for D. C. and Prevention and C. for D. C. and Prevention, “CDC 24/7: saving lives, protecting people,” CDC-Pregnancy Complicat. Heal. [database Internet], 2016
[2]. Tadese M, Dagne K, Wubetu AD, Abeway S, Bekele A, Misganaw Kebede W, Baye Mulu G. Assessment of the adverse pregnancy outcomes and its associated factors among deliveries at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. PloS one. 2022 Jul 8;17(7):e0271287.: e0271287) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271287)
[3]. Ilekis JV, Tsilou E, Fisher S, Abrahams VM, Soares MJ, Cross JC, Zamudio S, Illsley NP, Myatt L, Colvis C, Costantine MM, Haas DM, Sadovsky Y, Weiner C, Rytting E, Bidwell G. Placental origins of adverse pregnancy outcomes: potential molecular targets: an Executive Workshop Summary of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;215(1 Suppl):S1-S46. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10. PMID: 26972897; PMCID: PMC4925329.
[4]. Zhong Y, Tuuli M, Odibo AO.First-trimester assessment of placenta function and the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Prenat Diagn. 2010 Apr;30(4):293-308. doi: 10.1002/pd.2475. PMID: 20166149.) [5]. Huang T, Bedford HM, Rashid S, Rasasakaram E, Priston M, Mak-Tam E, Gibbons C, Meschino WS, Cuckle H, Mei-Dan E. Modified multiple marker aneuploidy screening as a primary screening test for preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Mar 8;22(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04514-4. PMID: 35260099; PMCID: PMC8903.

Abstract: Adult intussusception is an uncommon surgical entity that almost invariably harbours a structural lead point, which may be benign or malignant. Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP), also known as Vanek’s tumour, is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract that can serve as such a lead point. We present a 64-year-old male who was admitted with a one-month history of colicky abdominal pain, intermittent constipation and non-bilious vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) demonstrated ileo-ileal intussusception with a large pedunculated intraluminal mass identified as the causative lead point. The patient....

Keywords: Adult intussusception, Inflammatory fibroid polyp, Ileo-ileal intussusception, Small bowel obstruction, Immunohistochemistry.

[1] Chiu HT, Yen H, Weng YS, Chen CY, Lin KH, Chen PH, et al. Combined Ileoileal and Ileocolic Intussusception Secondary to Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp in an Adult: A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2022;58. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020310.
[2] Sharif S Bin, Begum F, Rahman M, Faisal FH, Moniruddin A. Adult Intussusception Due to Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp - Vanek’s Tumour. KYAMC Journal 2019;9:190–3. https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v9i4.40152.
[3] Guerci C, Colombo F, Goi G, Zerbi P, Pirrò B, Danelli P. Case Report: Ileo-Ileal Intussusception Secondary to Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp: A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction. Front Surg 2022;9:876396. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.876396.
[4] Rajab I, Nouri A, Mousa H, Riyad N, Elagami M, Baddoura W. Ileo-ileal intussusception due to Vanek’s tumor: a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. J Surg Case Rep 2025;2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjaf383.
[5] Devkota S, Rathi H, Qadri AI, Lamichhane S, Jain N. Adult ileo-ileal intussusception caused by inflammatory fibroid polyp leading to small bowel obstruction: a case report with comprehensive literature review. J Surg Case Rep 2024;2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjae480

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized modern dentistry by enabling precise, customized, and efficient treatment solutions. In pediatric dentistry, its application has expanded rapidly, offering innovative approaches in diagnosis, treatment planning, and appliance fabrication. Interceptive orthodontics plays a crucial role in guiding the proper development of occlusion during the mixed dentition stage. The integration of digital technologies into pediatric dental practice has significantly enhanced the efficiency, accuracy, and.......

Keyword: 3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Dental technology advancements; Digital dentistry; Pediatric dentistry

[1]. Aktaş N, Ciftci V. Current applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing in pediatric dentistry: a literature review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;48(5):4-13. doi:10.22514/jocpd.2024.099.
[2]. Prajapati A, Prajapati A, Mody DR, Choudhary AB. Dentistry goes digital: A CADCAM way – a review article. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(8):53-59.
[3]. Zarean P, Zarean P, Sendi P, Neuhaus KW. Advances in the manufacturing process of space maintainers in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review from traditional methods to 3D-printing. Appl Sci. 2023;13(12):6998.
[4]. Marchesi G, Camurri Piloni A, Nicolin V, Turco G, Di Lenarda R. Chairside CAD/CAM materials: current trends of clinical uses. Biology (Basel). 2021;10(11):1170.
[5]. Beretta M, Federici Canova F, Zaffarano L, Gianolio A. DOP dentistry: digitally embracing orthodontics and paediatric dentistry. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(4):295-297..

Abstract: Background: Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy has been widely used for analytical purposes in the recent past; its specific use in biomaterials science involving cells and surfaces is yet to be systematically consolidated. Aims: To systematically collect and consolidate how single-cell force spectroscopy is applied in biomaterials research to quantify cell–material interactions. Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Only articles......

Keyword: Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy, Biomaterial, Cell adhesion

[1]. Coppari S, Ramakrishna S, Teodori L, Albertini MC. Cell signalling and biomaterials have a symbiotic relationship as demonstrated by a bioinformatics study: the role of surface topography. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering. 2021 Mar 1;17:100246.
[2]. Kim H, Kumbar SG, Nukavarapu SP. Biomaterial-directed cell behavior for tissue engineering. Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2021 Mar;17:100260. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.100260. Epub 2020 Dec 25. PMID: 33521410; PMCID: PMC7839921.
[3]. Khalili AA, Ahmad MR. A Review of Cell Adhesion Studies for Biomedical and Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Aug 5;16[8]:18149-84. doi: 10.3390/ijms160818149. PMID: 26251901; PMCID: PMC4581240.
[4]. Taubenberger AV, Hutmacher DW, Muller DJ. Single-cell force spectroscopy, an emerging tool to quantify cell adhesion to biomaterials. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2014 Feb;20[1]:40-55. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2013.0125. Epub 2013 Jul 10. PMID: 23688177.
[5]. Friedrichs J, Helenius J, Muller DJ. Quantifying cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix components by single-cell force spectroscopy. Nat Protoc. 2010 Jul;5[7]:1353-61. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.89. Epub 2010 Jul 1. PMID: 20595963..

Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common liver diseases in children and adolescents, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Objective: This study aimed to update and synthesize the latest findings on the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of children and adolescents with NAFLD, focusing on publications in the last five years. Method: The present study used the PRISMA 2020 Protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), the descriptors "Fatty.......

Keyword: Fatty Liver, NAFLD, Systematic Review, Child and Adolescent

[1]. Mujlli G, Mahzari M, Alslamah I, Syed J, Omair A, Abulmeaty M, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46380. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46380. PMID: 37927726; PMCID: PMC10620069.
[2]. Trandafir LM, Frasinariu OE, Leon-Constantin MM, Chiriac S, Trandafirescu MF, Miron IC, et al. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – a changing diagnostic paradigm. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020;61(4):1023–31. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.4.04. PMID: 34171051; PMCID: PMC8343491.[3]. Ramírez-Mejía MM, Díaz-Orozco LE, Barranco-Fragoso B, Méndez-Sánchez N. A review of the increasing prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children and adolescents worldwide and in Mexico and the implications for public health. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e934134. doi: 10.12659/MSM.934134. PMID: 34456329; PMCID: PMC8415038.
[4]. Clark JM, Cryer DRH, Morton M, Shubrook JH. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from a primary care perspective. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(6):1421–33. Doi: 10.1111/dom.15016. PMID: 36789676. [5]. Silva DG, Brito JS, Rodrigues BFB, Afonso DM, Amato AA. Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica: atualização sobre a fisiopatologia. Brasília Med. 2015;52(3–4):108–15. doi: 10.5935/2236-5117.2015v52n3/4a04.

Abstract: Purpose: To report the occurrence of Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD) occurring after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) performed in two patients and the successful management of the same with intracameral perfluoro propane gas (C₃F₈) injection at a concentration of 10%.
Methods: Two patients who underwent DALK for keratoconus developed postoperative DMD. Both patients were managed with intracameral 10% C₃F₈ gas........

Keyword: Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, Descemet’s membrane detachment, C₃F₈ gas injection, micro perforation, corneal surgery

[1]. Mackool RJ HS. Descemet Membrane Detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95(3):459–63.
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[3]. Beniwal A, Vanathi M, Venugopal A, Chaurasia S TR. Descemet’s membrane detachment: An updated comprehensive review of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024;72(11):1560-1568.
[4]. Tu KL, Ibrahim M KS. Spontaneous resolution of Descemet membrane detachment after deep anterior lamellar Keratoplasty. Cornea. 2006;25(104):6.
[5]. JE. H. . The physiologic control of corneal hydration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1957;44:262-80.

Abstract: Objectives: To report the reconstruction of a complex post-traumatic lower lip and commissural defect using an Abbé–Estlander flap with secondary commissuroplasty. Methods: A 60-year-old male developed full-thickness necrosis involving more than two-thirds of the lower lip and oral commissure following severe maxillofacial trauma. After debridement and failed primary closure, reconstruction was performed using a full-thickness Abbé–Estlander cross-lip flap. Secondary buccal mucosal advancement commissuroplasty......

[1]. Kumar, A. Versatility of Abbe-Estlander Flap in Lip Reconstruction – A Prospective Clinical Study. JCDR https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/10661.5057 (2014) doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10661.5057.
[2]. Ngokwe, B. Z., Kwedi, K., Djoumekoum, G., Diffo, A. F. & LeTssle, M. Repair of traumatic defect of lower lip using Estlander technique and commisuroplasty in Cameroon. Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2, 100073 (2021).
[3]. Parsel, S. M. & Winters, R. D. Commissuroplasty. Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 31, 33–37 (2020).
[4]. Hahn, H. J. et al. Transoral Cross-Lip ( Abbé-Estlander ) Flap as a Viable and Effective Reconstructive Option in Middle Lower Lip Defect Reconstruction. Ann Dermatol 29, 210 (2017).
[5]. Alvarez, G. S., Siqueira, E. J. & De Oliveira, M. P. A new technique for reconstruction of lower-lip and labial commissure defects: a proposal for the association of Abbe–Estlander and vermilion myomucosal flap techniques. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 115, 724–730 (2013).

Abstract: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP), also colloquially termed “Stone Man Disease,” is one of the rarest and most disabling genetic conditions known to medicine. Characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification (HO), this disorder causes soft connective tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments, to transform into bone outside the normal skeletal framework. The prevalence is approximately 1 in 1.5 to 2 million individuals worldwide, with....

[1]. Kaplan, F.S., Shore, E.M., & Pignolo, R.J. (2008). "The medical management of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: current treatment considerations." Clinical Proceedings in Rare Bone Diseases, 85(3), 183–190.
[2]. Shore, E.M., Xu, M., Feldman, G.J., et al. (2006). "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva." Nature Genetics, 38(5), 525–527.
[3]. Pignolo, R.J., et al. (2020). "The Progression of Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: An Observational Study of Natural History." The Lancet, 395(10229), 1037–1045.
[4]. International FOP Association (IFOPA). (2025). Retrieved from: https://www.ifopa.org
[5]. Kitterman, J.A., Kantanie, S., Rocke, D.M., & Kaplan, F.S. (2005). "Iatrogenic harm caused by diagnostic errors in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva." Pediatrics, 116(5), e654-e661..

Abstract: Four-dimensional (4-D) printing is an advanced form of additive manufacturing in which printed objects undergo controlled, time-dependent transformations in response to external stimuli such as temperature, moisture, pH, or light.¹,⁶,⁷ 4-D printing has special benefits over traditional static appliances in orthodontics, as tooth movement is dynamic and force requirements change throughout therapy.¹ With a focus on self-adjusting brackets, smart aligner production, material.......

[1]. Alam, M. K., Hajeer, M. Y., Alserhani, E. D. M., et al. (2025). Use of 4D Printing in Orthodontics: Self-Adjusting Brackets for Dynamic Tooth Movement. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.
[2]. Elshazly, T. M., Keilig, L., Alkabani, Y., et al. (2022). Potential Application of 4D Technology in Fabrication of Orthodontic Aligners. Frontiers in Materials.
[3]. Palmieri, E., Montaina, L., Bellisario, D., et al. (2024). Towards Green Dentistry: Evaluating the Potential of 4D Printing for Sustainable Orthodontic Aligners. Polymers.
[4]. Bakkal, B., Topsakal, K. G., Duran, G. S. (2025). New horizons in dentistry and orthodontics with 4D printing technologies. Australasian Orthodontic Journal.

Abstract: A 10-year-old girl presented with intermittent fever, extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis suggestive of a leukemoid reaction, and positive leptospira serology. Initial imaging showed left lower lobe collapse with pleural effusion that evolved into a pleural-based mass. Bone marrow biopsy revealed atypical epithelioid cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for ALK (D5/F3), vimentin and myeloperoxidase, confirming ALK-positive histiocytosis. PET-CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic pleural mass with extensive skeletal involvement. Lung biopsy......

Keyword: ALK-positive histiocytosis, leukemoid reaction, pediatric pleural mass, PET-CT, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

[1]. Emile JF, Abla O, Fraitag S, Horne A, Haroche J, Donadieu J, et al. Revised classification of histiocytoses and neoplasms of the macrophage-dendritic cell lineages. Blood. 2016;127(22):2672-81.
[2]. Chang KTE, Tay AZE, Kuick CH, Chen H, Ong KW, Lim JQ, et al. ALK-positive histiocytosis: an expanded clinicopathologic spectrum and frequent KIF5B-ALK fusion. Mod Pathol. 2019;32(5):598-608.
[3]. Facchetti F, Pileri SA, Lorenzi L, Tabanelli V, Rimsza L, Pittaluga S, et al. ALK-positive histiocytosis: a novel clinicopathologic entity of systemic histiocytic proliferations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39(7):983-91.
[4]. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al., editors. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Revised 4th ed. Lyon: IARC; 2017.
[5]. Jacobsen E, Shanmugam V. Targeted therapy in histiocytic neoplasms: emerging role of ALK inhibition. Cancer. 2018;124(23):4459-67..

Abstract: Background: The upper airway's integrity and patency are ensured by the bony and cartilaginous structures covering the naso- and oropharynx. The cervical spine plays a crucial role in maintaining upper airway patency because of its anatomical relationship to the pharynx. Pathological changes in the cervical spine were reported to influence the upper airway. These cervical spine changes are often overlooked in CBCT scans, as the purpose of taking the scan is different. Many of the cervical spine disorders are known to be related to the development of orofacial pain, obstructive sleep apnoea and restriction in the upper airway. In this study, the correlation between cervical spine disorders seen in CBCT scans and their upper airway volume is assessed. Three- dimensional.......

Keyword: Cervical spine, Cone Beam CT, Obstructive sleep apnea, Airway

[1] Hatcher DC. Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Craniofacial and Airway Analysis. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012 Apr;56(2):343–57.
[2] Ogawa T, Enciso R, Shintaku WH, Clark GT. Evaluation of cross-section airway configuration of obstructive sleep apnea. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2007 Jan;103(1):102–8.
[3] Chaudhry U, Cohen JR, Al-Samawi Y. Use of cone beam computed tomography imaging for airway measurement to predict obstructive sleep apnea. CRANIO®. 2022 Sep 3;40(5):418–24.
[4] Steffy DD, Tang CS. Radiographic Evaluation of Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Radiologic Clinics of North America. 2018 Jan;56(1):177–85.
[5] Sonnesen L, Petri N, Kjaer I, Svanholt P. Cervical column morphology in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2008 Aug 27;30(5):521–6.

Abstract: Introduction: Siblings play an important role in shaping the social development of adolescents through interaction, cooperation, sharing, conflict resolution, emotional support, and companionship. Adolescents who grow up with siblings may have more opportunities for developing social competence, interpersonal skills, and responsibility. Objective of the study: This study aimed to compare the social maturity among adolescents with or without siblings at.......

Keyword: social maturity, adolescents.

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