iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: The Sun based vitality is rapidly progressing as an essential method for renewable energy resources. More vitality is obtained by tracking the solar panel, by placing the panel remains related to the sun at a right edge to the beams of light. It illustrates the point of interest of outline and development of a model for solar tracking system with two degrees of opportunity, which recognizes the sunlight by means of photocells........

Index Terms: MPPT, Solar Tracking Method, Inverse SEPIC Converter, LDR.

[1]. SyafrudinMasri; Pui-Wengchan "Development of a microcontroller based boost translator for photovoltaic system" European journal of scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.41 No.1 (2010), pp.39-47.
[2]. Janvarle L. Santos; Fernando Antunes; Amis Chehab; Cicero Cruz "A peak power point monitorer for PV using a high performance Boost translator" Solar energy, 80 (2006) 772-778, 29 august 2005.
[3]. K. H. Hussein; I. Muta, T. Hoshino; and M. Osakada; "Peak power point monitoring: An algorithm for rapidly chancing atmospheric conditions" IEE proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 142, pp. 59-64, 1995.
[4]. C. Jaen, J. Pou, G. Capella, A. Arias, and M. Lamich, M, "On the use of sun monitorers to improve peak power point monitoring controllers applied to photovoltaic systems", The IEEE conference on Compatibility and Power Electronics, pp. 67-72, 2009.
[5]. Fang linluo; Hong Ye (2004), "Advance DC/DC translators", CRC press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. pp – 1, 2 and 38.

Abstract: Signal Processing approach is proposed to highlight the features of speech in degraded signal. The approach is based on Single Frequency Filtering (SFF), where the amplitude envelope of the signal is obtained at each frequency with high temporal and spectral resolution. So this method exploit the fact that speech has high SNR region at different frequency and at different time .Here three methods are discussed and the spectral and temporal resolution is compared ........

Keywords: ANNs, MFCC, SFF, SVM, VAD.

[1]. A. Tsiartas, T. Chaspari, N. Katsamanis, P. K. Ghosh, M. Li, M. Van Segbroeck, A. Potamianos, and S. Narayanan, "Multi-band long-term signal variability features for robust voice activity detection," Aug. 2013, pp. 704–708.
[2]. Tsiartas, T. Chaspari, N. Katsamanis, P. K. Ghosh, M. Li, M. Van Segbroeck, A. Potamianos, and S. Narayanan, "Multi-band long-term signal variability features for robust voice activity detection," inProc. Interspeech, Aug. 2013, pp. 718–722.
[3]. N.Dhananjaya and B. Yegnanarayana, "Voiced/nonvoiced detection based on robustness of voiced epochs,"IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 273–276, Mar. 2011.
[4]. T. Pham, M. Stark, and E. Rank, "Performance analysis of wavelet subband based voice activity detection in cocktail party environment," inProc. Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Technol., Oct. 2010,pp.85–88.
[5]. P.Ghosh,A.Tsiartas,and S.Narayanan," Robust voice activity detection using long-term signal variability," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Language Process., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 600–613, Mar. 2010.

Abstract: Biometric based Human Information and Voting is a peculiar process to verify and store the whole details of any person only through his fingerprint. Then it also allows the person to cast his vote as an application model. Here the coding part is done in a software named LabVIEW which a graphical programming language where the execution is done in sequential way. MyDAQ is a Data Acquisition Device used to implement the whole process.

Keywords: LabVIEW, MYDAQ

[1]. R. Udupa, G. Garg and P. Sharma, "Fast and accurate fingerprint verification".
[2]. K. Memon, D. Kumar and S. Usman, "Next Generation A secure E-Voting System Based on Biometric Fingerprint Method".
[3]. Lin Hong. "Personal Information Using Fingerprints".
[4]. National Instruments, LabVIEWSoftware , My DAQ Hardware.
[5]. A.J. Jegede, G.I.O. Aimufua and N.I. Akosu, Electronic Voting: A Panacea for Electoral Irregularities in Developing Countries , Journal of Mobile Communication, Vol. 3, pp. 22-33, 2009.

Abstract: In this paper, a dual band linеarly-polarizеd microstrip patch antеnna is designеd and simulatеd with Modifiеd Rеsonating Structurе using HFSS simulation softwarе. Antеnna parametеrs are examinеd in this which includеs rеsonating frequеncy, impedancеs, VSWR and bandwidth of the designеd and proposеd rеsonating structurе with probе feed.........

Keywords: Rеsonating Structurе, dual band, Microstrip Antеnna, MSR, Modifiеd Structurе Rеsonator

[1]. Mobile Communications Engineering, C. Y Lee ,2/e McGraw-Hill 2001
[2]. "K.L Wong Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas", John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1992
[3]. Broadband Microstrip Antennas", Girish Kumar, K.P Roy, Artech House 2003
[4]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. New York: Wiley, 1997, p. 734.
[5]. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1990, p. 185

Abstract: In this paper, we present the performance of 40 Gb/s polarization division multiplexed-differential quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-DQPSK) optical label switching system with frequency swept coherent detected spectral amplitude code labels in simulation. In this system, the payload consists of two 10 Gbaud channels which are orthogonally polarized. Direct detection is selected to demodulate the PDM payload in the receiver..........

Keywords: Coherent detection, optical label switching (OLS), polarization division multiplexed (PDM), polarization tracker, spectral amplitude code (SAC).

[1]. C. R. S. Fludger, T. Duthel, and C. Schulien, "Towards Robust 100G Ethernet Transmission," Proceeding LEOS Summer Topical Meetings2007 Digest of the IEEE, 224–225 (2007).
[2]. He T., Nicolas K. Fontaine, Ryan P. Scott, et al. Optical arbitrary waveform generation-based packet generation and all-optical separation for optical-label switching [J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 22(10): pp. 715-717, 2010.
[3]. P. Seddighian, S. Ayotee, J.B.R. Fernandez, et al, Label stacking in photonic packet switched network with spectral amplitude code labels, IEEE J Lightwave Technology 25 (2007), 463-471.
[4]. J.B.R Fernandez, S.Ayotte, L.A Rusch, et al, Ultrafast forwarding architecture using a single optical processor for multiple SAC-label recognition based on FWM, IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 14 (2008), 868-878.
[5]. Y. Cao et al., "Recognition of spectral amplitude codes by frequency swept coherent detection for optical label switching," Photonics Netw. Commun. 20(2), 131(2010).

Abstract: A new reconfigurable koch loop fractal antenna model has been proposed and its properties discussed using HFSS software. The Patch version was figured using the first order Koch loop. By introducing patches of koch loop shapes, the antenna with different radiation patterns were formed using RF switches to switch between the configurations. The radiation pattern has been reconfigured. The proposed antenna will examine the reconfigurability of Koch loop for different resonant frequency.

Keywords: reconfigurable antenna, fractal antenna, Koch loop shape, RF switch.

[1]. Werner D. H. and Ganguly S. , IEEE Antenna and wave Propagation Magazine, 45(2003) 2003.
[2]. Baliarda C. P, Romeu, J. and Cardama A., IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, AP- IX ( 2000) 1773–1781.
[3]. Vinoy K.J, Abraham Jose K, and Varadan V.K., Fractal Dimension and Frequency Response of Fractal Shaped Antennas, 2003 IEEE
[4]. Zhang, J, Wang A, and Wang P, Proceedings of the International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 3 (2008) 1156-1159.
[5]. Langoni, D., Weatherspoon M. H., Ogunti E, and Foo S. Y, IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference 2009, WAMICON '09, 1-5, 2009.

Abstract: Communication is one of the important aspects in life. Modulation and Demodulation plays an important role in transmission of data from transmitter to receiver in all communication system. Working with wireless system using various multiplexing techniques like FDMA,CDMA and TDMA which encountered various problems such as multi-path fading, time dispersion, ISI and low bit rate. The use of OFDM technique provides better solution for above mentioned problems..........

Keywords: OFDM, QPSK, BER, ISI.

[1]. Lavish Kansal, Vishal Sharma, Jagjit Singh, (2015),BER Assessment of FEC incorporated OFDM-MPSK Wireless System, IEEE Transaction on Adv.com & comm.tech, Vol.12
[2]. Sandeep Kaur, Gurpreet Bharti.(2012),"Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Wireless Communication Systems: A Review‟,Int.Jour. Adv.Res.Com.Eng.& Tech.,Vol.1.
[3]. Lavish Kansal, Ankush Kansal and Kulbir Singh.(2011),"Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-QAM‟, Can.Jour.Sig.Proc.,Vol.2, No.2.
[4]. AthinarayananVallavaraj,Stewart,G.B,David,K.Harrison,Francis ,G.McIntosh. (2005), "The Effects of Convolutional Coding On BER Performance of Companded OFDM Signals‟,Int.Conf.,Comm.Com & Pow.
[5]. Arpita Mishra, Stuti Rastogi, Ritu Saxena, Pankaj Sharma, Sachin Kumar, (2013), "Performance Analysis Of MB-OFDM System With QPSK and QAM For Wireless Communication‟, Int.Jour.Adv.Res.Com.Comm.Eng.,Vol.2.

Abstract: Binary addition is one of the most important arithmetic function in modern digital VLSI systems. Adders are extensively used as DSP lattice filter where the ripple carry adders are replaced by the parallel prefix adder to decrease the delay. The requirement of the adder is fast and secondly efficient in terms of power consumption and chip area. Speculative variable latency adders have attracted strong interest thanks to their capability to reduce average delay compared to traditional architectures.........

Keywords:Parallel Prefix Adder, Kogge Stone Adder, Han-Carlson Adder.

[1]. Darjn Esposito, Davide De Caro, Senior Member,IEEE, Ettore Napoli, Nicola Petra, Member, IEEE and Antonio Giuseppe Maria Strollo, Senior Member, IEEE, " Variable Latency Speculative Han-Carlson Adder", May 2015.
[2]. R.P.Brent and H.T.Kung, "‟A regular layout of parallel adders",IEEE Trans.Comput., Vol C-31, Mar 1982
[3]. P.M.Kogge and H.S.Stone, "A Parallel Algorithm for the efficient solution of a general class of recurrence equations", IEEE Trans.comput, vol C-22, Aug 1973.
[4]. Cong Liu, Jie Han and Fabrizio Lombardi, "A Low Power, High Performance Approximate Multiplier with Configurable Partial Error Recovery,(DATE‟14) Apr 2014.
[5]. K.Du, P.Varman, and K.Mohanram,"High Performance reliable Variable Latency Carry select addition ", in Proc. Design, Autom, Test Eur.Conf. Exhib (DATE‟12), Mar 2012.

Abstract: In this paper, a new power efficient advanced node clustering hierarchical (PEANCH) algorithm for wireless sensor networks is developed and analyzed. In this algorithm we introduce the concept of advanced nodes and normal nodes, where the advanced nodes are given with double the initial energy as of the normal nodes. Advanced nodes are acting as cluster heads and assigned with fixed coordinates, whereas the normal nodes are deployed randomly..........

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, energy efficiency, routing protocols, LEACH, throughput, network lifetime.

[1]. C. Chong, S. P. Kumar. Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges, Proceedings of the IEEE. 91(8):1247-1256, Aug. 2003.
[2]. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y.Sankrasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci. A Survey on Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(8):102-1 14, Aug. 2002.

[3]. Akkaya, Kemal, and Mohamed Younis. A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, Ad hoc networks 3.3 325-349, (2005).

[4]. Karl, Holger, and Andreas Willig, Protocols and architectures for wireless sensor networks, (John Wiley and Sons, 2007).

[5]. Wendi R Heinzelman, A Chandrakasan, and H Balakrishnan, Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks, IEEE Proc.of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2000.

Abstract:A triband I slot microstrip patch antenna is designed and simulated in this paper. The designed antenna resonates at three bands (4.4-4.7GHz), (5-5.18GHz) and (7.3-15.9GHz).this antenna can be used as a basic element for radar altimeter antenna. The performance of the presented antenna is explained in terms of return loss, resonance frequency, radiation pattern and gain. Design and simulations of the antenna are implemented using High Frequency Structure Simulator Software (HFSS).
Keywords: Patch antenna, Radar altimeter, microstrip line feed, enhanced bandwidth, HFSS

[1]. Gustrau, Frank. RF and Microwave Engineering: Fundamentals of Wireless Communication (John Wiley & Sons, 2012).
[2]. Sukhbir Kumar, Hitender Gupta, Design and Study of Compact and Wideband Microstrip U- Slot Patch Antenna for Wi-Max Application, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Volume 5 , Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2013.
[3]. Arvind Yadav, Dr. Kuldip Pahwa, Design & Parametric Study of Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for UWB Applications, IJEEE, Vol.1, Issue 3, 2014.
[4]. P. Kiran, R. Chiramjeevi, T. Chaitanya Reddy, D. Sushma Sree B.V.V. Ravindra Babu and K. Jagadeesh Babu, A Triband U- Slot Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth and Isolation for MIMO Systems, International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications, Vol.4, Issue 5, 2013.

Abstract: Face detection is the process of identifying one or more people in images or videos by analyzing and comparing patterns. Algorithms for face detection typically extract facial features and identifying them in the given video or image. In addition to this process we add the tool of spying drone, which is used to monitor the activities at a next level. Face detection is typically used in security systems. Besides that, it is also used in human computer interaction.

[1]. Rabia Jafri and Hamid R Arabnia, " A Survey of Face Recognition Techniques," Journal of Information Processing Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.44~68, 2009.
[2]. A.K. Jain, R. Bolle and S. Pankanti biometrics personal identification in networked security A. K. Jain, R. Bolle and S. Pankanti, Eds.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999
[3]. J. Wright and G. Hua, "Implicit elastic matching with random projections for pose variant Face recognition," in Proc. CVPR, 2009.
[4]. J. N. K Liu, M. Wang and B. Feng, "iBotguard: an Internet based intelligent robot security system using Face recognition against intruder," IEEE Transactions on system man and Cybernetics part application and review vol.35 pp.97-105, 2005.
[5]. H. Moon "Biometrics Person Authentication using projection based Face recognition system in verification Scenario," in international conference on bio informatics and its applications. Hong Kong, China, 2004, pp.207-213.

Abstract: The basic requirements for small scale cropping machines are, they should be suitable for small farms, simple in design and technology and versatile for use in different farm operations. A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method. Seed planting is also possible for different size of seed at variable space between two seed...........

Keywords: Seed Sowing, Agricultural Sector, Solar Powered, Portable , sensors.

[1]. Gholap, D.D., More, V.M., Lokhande, M.S. and Joshi, S.G. Robotic Agriculture Machine. IJIRSET. 2014. 3 (Special Issue 4)
[2]. Shrinivas, R.Z. and Kokate, R.D. Advanced Agriculture System. IJRA. 2012. 1(2) 107-112.
[3]. Chandika, S. Automation and Emerging Technology Development of 2d Seed Sowing Robo. Journal of Agriculture Science. 2009. 1(1).
[4]. Ajit, G.D. and Kulkarni, V.A. Advanced Robotic Weeding System, ITSI-TEEE, 2013. 1(3).
[5]. Zoeb, K. Unique Solar Operated Spray Jet. IOSR-JMCE. 43-46.

Abstract: Human brain consists of different tissues namely white matter(WM), gray matter(GM), cerebrospinal fluid matter(CSF). The tumors may exist in any of these three matters, in the brain image it is difficult to demarcate them individually. This paper deals with the detection of the tumors in these three matters in a human brain. This includes two steps, in the first step, image segmentation is done by FCM (Fuzzy-C-Means) algorithm..........

Keywords: Brain MRI, Clustering, FCM , Level set, Segmentation

[1] Vishal B. Padole, D. S. Chaudhari, "A Review of Segmentation Methods forDetection of Brain Tumor in MRI", International journal of electronics communication & soft computing science and engineering (IJECSCSE), Vol1, Issue 1, 2011.
[2] Sudipta Roy, Sanjay Nag, IndraKantaMaitra, Samir K. Bandyopadhyay," AReview on Automated Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation from MRI of Brain" (International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJASRCSSE) , Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2013.
[3] Clark MC, Hall LO, Goldgof DB, Clarke LP, Velthuizen RP,Silbiger MS. MRI segmentation using fuzzy clustering techniques.IEEE Eng Med Biol 1994;13:730–42.
[4] K. Suresh ,R .Madana Mohana, A. Rama Mohan Reddy, A. Subrmanayam, "Improved FCM algorithm for Clustering on Web usage Mining"published by IEEE 2011.
[5] J. Selvakumar, A. Lakshmi, T. Arivoli, "Brain Tumor segmentation and its Area calculation in Brain MR Images using K-Mean clustering and Fuzzy CMean Algorithm", IEEE-International conference on advances in engineering science and management, March-2012.

Abstract: This paper proposes an intelligent way of reducing the problem of traffic congestion on the road network which has become very severe nowadays. In this contemporary scenario this work suggests new and alternative method for improving the efficiency of the existing road network. In today's world most of the traffic light systems are based on Microcontroller or Microprocessor with fixed time delays for green light and red light with no or less arrangement for contingency situation. At this situation this paper explores an alternative approach to manage this problem in best apposite way..........

Keywords: Intelligent Traffic light controller, Infrared Sensor (I.R), Voice Recorder, Robin Algorithm

[1] Rajat & Nirbhay Kumar (2007) "RFID Resolution: Your cars will be tagged", The Economics Times, 25 September.
[2] Chong hua Li "Automatic Vehicle Identification System based on RFID", Anti Counterfeiting Security and Identification in Communication (ASID), 2010, pp 281-284.
[3] A. Chattaraj, S. Chakrabarti, S. Bansal, S. Halder and A. Chandra "An Intelligent Traffic Control System using RFID", IEEE Potentials, vol. 28, no. 3, May-Jun. 2009, pp. 40-43.
[4] Roy Want "An Introduction to RFID technology", Journal IEEE Pervasive Computing Volume 5 Issue 1, January 2006, pp-105-113
[5]. Amrita Rai and Govind Singh Patel, "Multiple Traffic Control Using Wireless Sensor and Density Measuring Camera", Sensors & Transducers Journal Vol. 94, Issue 7, July 2008, pp. 126-132

Abstract: The isolation and the ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) between two or more antennas are Very important in the MIMO systems because each antenna is required to independently operate in order to ensure the performance of the MIMO antenna systems. In this paper two element printed semicircular monopole (PSCMA) array is proposed. The distance between the PSCMA elements is less than 0.25λ. A broad impedance matching bandwidth up to 1.8 GHZ (4.5 to 6.3GHZ) is achieved. The decoupling level improved up to -35 dB at 6 GHZ...........

Keywords: Antenna geometry, Simulation result, antenna measurement result

[1] T. Ohishi, N. Oodachi, S. Sekine, and H. Shoki, "A method to improve the correlation coefficient and the mutual coupling for diversity antenna, "in IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., Washington, DC, USA, 2005, pp. 507-510.
[2] Compact Two-Element Printed Monopole Array With Partially Extended Ground Plane Kun Wang, Student Member, IEEE, Raimund A. M. Mauermayer, Student Member, IEEE, and Thomas F. Eibert, Senior Member, IEEE.
[3] P. Ferrer, J. Arbesu, and J. Romeu, "Decorrelation of two closely spacede antennas with a metamaterial AMC surface," Microwave and Optic. Tech. Lett., Vol. 50, No.5, May 2008.
[4] J.W.Wallace and. A. Jensen, "Termination-dependent diversity performance of coupled antennas: Network theory," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 98–105, Jan. 2004.
[5] B.K. Lau and J. Andersen, "Simple and efficient decoupling of compact arrays with parasitic scatterers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 464–472, Feb. 2012.

Abstract: The designing aim of 4G was to improve capacity, user data-rates, spectrum usage and latency with respect to 3G. 5G is just more than an evolution of mobile broadband communication. It will be a Important key enabler of the future digital world. The vision of 5G mobile is driven from the predictions of up to 1000 times data requirement by 2020 and the fact that the traffic could be two thirds video embedded............

Keywords: 4G,5G, internet of things(IOT), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), software defined, networking (SDN)Ultra Dense Networks (UDN)

[1]. Thompson J. et al, "5G Wireless Communications Systems—properties and challenges‟, IEEE Communications Magazine Feb 2014.
[2]. Cost IC 1004 White paper, Scientific challenges towards 5G Mobile Communications-—ncardona@iteam.upv.es
[3]. "Scenarios, requirements and KPI‟s for 5G mobile and wireless systems‟ ICT-317669-METIS/D1.1.April2013.
[4]. Horizon2020-Advanced 5G Networks Infrastructure for future Internet PPP—www.Net!works.eu
[5]. EC H2020 5G Infrastructure PPP—Prestructuring model RTD & INNO strands—www.5g-ppp.eu

Abstract: The remarkable increase in the development of the digital communication make theprotection and illegal distribution of digitaldata, an important issue in this digital era. The advancement of Internet services and various improved technologies made video piracy as an increasing problem particularly when media is sharing through the internet. For these problems digital watermarking provides a solution. Basically digital watermarking involves embedding secret symbols known as watermarks within video data which can be used later for copyright detection and authentication verification purposesand by this we can avoid the illegal copying of digital data to a great extent............

Keywords: Video Watermarking, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Robustnessand Imperceptibility.

[1]. G. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, and R. Lagendijk, "Watermarking Digital Image and Video Data: A State-of Art Overview," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. , pp. 20-46, Sep. 2000.
[2]. G. Doerr and J. Dugelay, "A Guided Tour to Video Watermarking," Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 18, pp. 263-282, 2003.
[3]. D. Kundur, K, Su, and D. Hatzinakos, "Digital Video Watermarking: Techniques, Technology, and Trends," in Intelligent Watermarking Techniques , chapter 10, P. Pan, H. Huang, and L. Jain, eds., World Scientific Computing, pp. 265-314, 2004.
[4]. H. Andrews and C. Patterson, "Singular Value decompositions and Digital Image Processing," IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 26-53, Feb. 1976.

Abstract: Blind picture quality evaluation (BIQA) plans to assess the perceptual nature of a twisted picture without data with respect to its reference picture. Existing BIQA models normally focus the picture quality by breaking down the picture insights in some changed area, e.g., in the discrete cosine change area or wavelet space. In spite of the fact that incredible advancement has been made as of late, BIQA is still a troublesome assignment because of the absence of a reference picture............

Keywords: Blind Image Quality Assessment, No Reference (NR), Gradient Magnitude (GM), Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG), Jointly Adaptive Normalization (JAN).

[1]. Xue, W; Mou, X.; Zhang, L.; Bovik, A.C., "Blind Image Quality Assessment Using Joint Statistics of Gradient Magnitude and Laplacian Features," Image Processing, IEEE Transactions, vol.23, no. 11, pp. 4850 – 4862, September 2014.
[2]. Luo-yu Zhou, Zheng-bing Zhang, "No-reference image quality assessment based on noise, blurring and blocking effect," Optik - International Journal forLight and Electron Optics, vol. 125, no. 19, pp. 5677–5680, October 2014.
[3]. Saha. A.; Wu, Q.M.J., "Utilizing Image Scales Towards Totally Training Free Blind Image Quality Assessment" Image Processing, IEEE Transactions, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1879 – 1892, March 2015.
[4]. CiWanga; MinminShen; Chen Yao, "No-reference quality assessment for DCT-based compressed image," Journal of Visual Communication and ImageRepresentation, vol. 28, pp. 53–59, April 2015.

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme with high spectral efficiency and immunity to interference. The main drawback of OFDM system is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal which may result in signal distortion, loss of orthogonality in OFDM signals............

Keywords: Multicarrier modulation, partial transmit sequence (PTS), QAM-OFDM

[1] Y. Wang, L. -H. Wang, J. -H. Ge, and B. Ai, An efficient non linear companding transform for reducing PAPR of OFDM signals, IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 677–684, Dec. 2012.
[2] H.-S. Joo, S. -J. Heo, H. -B. Jeon ,J.-S. No, and D.-J. Shin, A new blind SLM scheme with low decoding complexity for OFDM systems, IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 669–676, Dec. 2012.
[3] Anil Khatiwada, PAPR reduction in OFDM system using Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) and Precoding techniques, a thesis report, Department of Electronics & Comm. Engineering Thapar University Patiala -147004, India
[4] T. Jiang and Y.Wu, An overview: Peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM signals, IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 257–268, Jun. 2008.

Abstract: Network congestion control is comprised of connection admission control (CAC) and network policing control (NPC). Dynamic Call Admission Control (DCAC) is a class in CAC primarily intended to achieve network protection from congestion thereby enhancing network performance and utilization. ATM network is sensitive to varying traffic intensity and the accompanying QoS requirements. Therefore ATM based CAC system is chosen because of the distinct position it occupies in the present network technology............

Keywords: Cell arrival, Network Congestion, CAC, DCAC QoS

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[4] Tian Y, "A Survey on Connection Admission Control in ATM Networks," http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/ctirs99/online/tian.html
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Abstract: Young people wear contact lenses to replace ordinary eye-glasses for aesthetic reasons or convenience. Contact lenses have also evolved from the original colorless into colorful ones with different shapes and lines. In this article, camouflage colors of parrots, leopards, hummingbirds, peacocks, and butterflies were used for contact lens pattern design and the visual packaging design of this product range.

Keywords: Product design, Creative design, Visual packaging design.

[1] Cathleen, F., Ravi, C. B., Klaus, E., Jiyoon, C., Varghese, T., & Brien, A. H. (2016). Visual performance of single vision and multifocal contact lenses in non-presbyopic myopic eyes, Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 39 (1), February, 38-46.
[2] Eon, K., Ravi, C. B., & Klaus, E. (2016). Reliability of power profiles measured on NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X) and effects of lens decentration for single vision, bifocal and multifocal contact lenses, Journal of Optometry, 9 (2), April-June, 126-136.
[3] Furqan, A. M., Dhara, H. L., Anjum, A. S., Ankita, R. D., Harsh, H. C., Rutvi, J. V., Ketan, M. R., Akshay, R. K., Bhavin, A. V., & Dinesh, O. S. (2016), In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel implantation technology in hydrogel contact lenses for controlled drug delivery, Journal of Controlled Release, 226 (28), March, 47-56.
[4] José, M. A., Amparo, N., MCarmen, G. D., Andrés, G., & Cristina, A. (2016). Light transmission and ultraviolet protection of contact lenses under artificial illumination, Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 39 (2), April, 141-147.