iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: The study of an organ – On – Chip (OC) is a multi channel 3-D micro-fluidic cell culture chip which stimulates the mechanism, and physiological response activities of entire organ system in a human body. The convergence and development of this matter in to an electronic device/ chip is a matter of significant biomedical engineering research. The convergence of lab – on- chip ( LOCs) and cell biology has permitted to the study of human physiology and introducing a novel model study of in –vitro multi cellular human organism. The Organ – on – chip is small micro-fluidic devices with hollow channels lined by living human cells.

Keywords: Biomedical, electronic, organ-on-chip, nephron, physiology.

[1] I. Robert et.al. Does animal experimentation inform human healthcare? Observation from a systematic review of international animal experiment on fluid resuscitation(2002).
[2] Anja Van De stalpeand Taap Den Toonder, "workshop meeting report organ on chip: human disease models" RSCPublishing(2013).
[3] http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php
[4] Anna Grosberg, Patrick W. Alfrod, Megan l. Mccain and Kevin Kit Parker, "ensembles of engineered cardic tissues for physiological and pharmalogical study: heart on a chip(2011).
[5] Frank, W.W., Borrmann, C.M, Grund C. and Pieperhoff. S. The area composite of adhering junction connecting heart muscles of vertebrates: molecular definition in inter related disks of cardiomyocytes by immune electron microscopy of desmosomal protein. Eur. J .cell. (2006). Boil 85, 69-82.

Abstract: This paper aims to presents the behaviour of Sierpinski monopole gasket for different flare angles. The advancements in the wireless standards demand for the flexibility as well as unobtrusiveness within antenna system design. The most important aspect in the design of antennas for advanced telecommunication systems are the performance in terms of operating range, radiation characteristics and their behaviour at different frequencies, ease of installation, size and cost. One of the efficient methods to solve this difficulty is by the usage of Fractal Antenna structuresas they offer adaptability in terms of low profile, ease of installation, compactness,s.......

Keywords: Wireless communications, Fractal Antennas, Sierpinski gasket, Multiband behaviour, low profile, Ansoft-HFSS

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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to acquire maximum power from solar panel and also to display the voltage generating from panel continuously. The existing work is fixed solar panels which cannot be rotated or tilted. Because of these fixed panels less amount of energy is produced. Thus we require more umber of solar panels.

Keywords: Solar panels, Micro controller, Potentiometer, DC Motor

[1]. D. A. Pritchard, "Sun tracking by peak power positioning for photovoltaic concentrator arrays," IEEE Contr. Syst. Mag., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2-8, 1983.
[2]. A. Konar and A. K. Mandal, "Microprocessor based automatic sun tracker," IEE Proc. Sci., Meas. Technol., vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 237-241, 1991.
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[4]. J. D. Garrison, "A program for calculation of solar energy collection by fixed and tracking collectors," Sol. Energy, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 241-255, 2002.

Abstract: This is a paper with the idea of a prepaid energy meter using LabVIEW. The concept providedwill be a cost efficient manner in electricity billing. The present systems for energy billing are not accurate and are very slow. They are also consume a lot of time and labour. The major drawback of traditional billing system is theft of power and energy which is reduced by using a prepaid energy meter.It is based on the concept "Pay and use". Prepaid energy meter also reduces the error made by humans while taking readings to a large extent.......

Keywords: Lab VIEW, GSM, energy meter.

[1]. Devidas, A.R., Ramesh, M.V. "Wireless Smart
[2]. Grid Design for Monitoring and Optimizing Electric Transmission in India," 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor

[3]. Md. Mejbaul Haque "Microcontroller Based
[4]. Single Phase Digital Prepaid Energy Meter for Improved Metering" International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) December 2011, pp. 139~147
[5]. Ling Zou, Sihong Chu and Biao Guo.,"The

Abstract: The aim of this project is to develop a system that will provide remote control of home appliances and also provide security against intrusion when the home host is not at home. This seminar is mainly concerned with the automatic control of light or any other home appliances using internet. It is meant to save the electric power and human energy. This project is made with the help of the microcontroller and Raspberry Pi. The various appliances are connected to the microcontroller and the sensor is connected using wireless network.

Keywords: Raspberry pi, PIR sensor, home automation

[1]. Remote-Controlled Home Automation Systems with Different Network Technologies.
[2]. Home Automation using ZigBee Protocol
[3]. Laur I., "Microcontroller based home automation system with security", International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 60-65, 2010.
[4]. N. Sriskanthan and Tan Karande, "Bluetooth Based Home Automation Systems," Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2002, Vol. 26, pp. 281-289
[5]. Kwang Yeol Lee & Jae Weon Choi, "Remote- Controlled Home Automation System via Bluetooth Home Network" in SICE Annual Conference in Fukui, 2003, Vol. 3, pp. 2824-2829

Abstract: Traffic is the major problem which country faces today this is because of the increase in number of vehicles. The increase in number of vehicles resulting to the need of a smart system that could efficiently handle traffic congestion based on the density of traffic. This paper discusses about some of the existing traffic light control system and their drawback and image processing technique i.e. Threshold technique that helps in finding traffic density.

Keywords: Image Processing, Intelligent Traffic System, Traffic density, Electronic sensors

[1]. Automatic Traffic Estimation Using Image Processing Pejman Niksaz Science &Research Branch, Azad University of Yazd, Iran
[2]. Arvind B.K And Dinesh S, Arun Karthik S And Ganga Ambrish "Traffic Gridlock Control Using Canny Algorithm Aided By Fuzzy Logic" 3rd International Conference On Advanced In Computing And Emerging Elearning Technologies ( ICAC2ET 2013 ) – Singapore On November 6 – 7, 2013
[3]. Madhvi Arora, V.K Banga,"Real time traffic light control system using morphological edge detection and fuzzy logic", 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Civil Engineering, April, 2012.
[4]. Wei zhi Wang, Bing-han Liu, "The Vehicle Edge Detection Based on Homomorphism Filtering and Fuzzy Enhancement in Night Time Environments", IEEE International Conference, 2010.
[5]. G.T. Shrivakshan and Dr.C. Chandrasekar " A Comparison of various Edge Detection Techniques used in Image Processing"IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 5, No 1, September 2012

Abstract: Fetal Heart rate is very important to obtain the information about the fetal condition during pregnancy. This is obtained by detecting the peaks of the FECG signal in R-R interval FECG is obtained here by extracting from the composite abdominal ECG. Extraction using advanced and powerful tools has been the ultimate interest in the biomedical field. Here the FECG is obtained from abdominal ECG by treating Maternal ECG as noise. Least Mean Square adaptive filter is used for this purpose...........

Keywords: Abdominal ECG; MECG; FECG; LMS; MATLAB GUI.

[1] M.Ravi Kumar "Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signal Processing On FPGA For Emerging Healthcare Applications", International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems (IJESS) ISSN: 2231-5969, Vol-1 Iss-3, 2012.
[2] Manish Kansal, Hardeep Singh Saini, Dinesh Arora "Designing & FPGA Implementation of IIR Filter Used for detecting clinical information from ECG", International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-1, Issue-1, October 2011.
[3] ChannappaBhyri, Kalpana.V, S.T.Hamde, and L.M.Waghmare "Estimation of ECG features using LabVIEW", International Journal of Computing Science and Communication Technologies, VOL. 2, NO. 1, July 2009. (ISSN 0974-3375)
[4] Digvijay J. Pawar, P. C. Bhaskar "FPGA Based FIR Filter Design for Enhancement of ECG Signal by Minimizing Base- line Drift Interference", International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013).

Abstract: This research paper presents an approach towards VLSI implementation of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for image compression. The design follows the JPEG 2000 standard and can be used for both lossy and lossless compression. In order to reduce the complexities of the design, linear algebra view of DWT has been used in this research paper..........

Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), image compression, thresholding, VLSI Design, JPEG 2000

[1]. K.K. Parhi and T. Nishitani, "VLSI Architectures for Discrete Wavelet Transforms", IEEE Transaction on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume 1, No. 6, pp. 191-202, June 1993.
[2]. C. Chakrabarti, M. Vishwanath and R. M. Owens, "Architectures for Wavelet Transforms: A Survey", Journal of VLSI Signal Process, Volume 14, pp. 171-192, 1996.

[3]. H. Olkkonen, J. T. Olkkonen and P. Pesola, "Efficient Lifting Wavelet Transform for Microprocessor and VLSI Applications", IEEE Signal Process. Lett., Volume 12, pp. 120-122, 2005.
[4]. P. K. Campbell, K. E. Jones, R. J. Hubber, K. W. Horch and R. A. Normann, "A Silicon-Based Three Dimensional Neural Interface: Manufacturing processes for an intracortical electrode array", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Volume 38, No. 8, pp. 758-768, August 1991.

Abstract: Less than half the Earth's landmass is accessible to existing wheeled and tracked vehicles. But people and animals using their legs can go almost anywhere. Our mission is to develop a new breed of rough-terrain robots that capture the mobility, autonomy and speed of living creatures. Such robots will travel in outdoor terrain that is too steep, rutted, rocky, wet, muddy, and snowy for conventional vehicles. They will travel in cities and in our homes, doing chores and providing care, where steps, stairways and household clutter limit the utility of wheeled vehicles............

Keywords: Rough-terrain robots, conventional vehicles, advanced actuators and dynamic controls.

[1]. J. Z. Kolter, M. P. Rodgers and A.Y. Ng, "A control architecture for quadruped locomotion over rough terraiQ," IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Pasadena, 2008, pp. 811-818.
[2]. M. H. Raibert , "Legged robots," Communications of the ACM, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 499-514, 1986.
[3]. D. J. Todd, Walking machines: an introduction to legged robots. London: Kogan Page, 1985. pp. 68-69.
[4]. S. M. Song and K. J. Waldron, Machine That Walk-The Adaptive Suspension Vehicle. The MIT Press, 1989, pp. 12-13.
[5]. P. Gonzalez-de Santos, E. Garcia and J. Estremera, Quadrupedal Locomaotion: An Introduction to the Control of Four-legged Robot. London: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 9-10.

Abstract: A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic Wireless network that can be formed without the need for any pre-existing infrastructure in which each node can act as a router. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Each node operates as a router to forward packets and also acts as an end system. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. The position of the nodes will be changed frequently. The main classes of routing protocols are Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid...........

Keywords: MANETS, PROTOCOLS, DSR, AOMDV, ZRP

[1]. Ruchi gupta, "A Survey of Energy Efficient Location Based Multipath Routing in MANETs‟, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol.59, no.11, pp.42-46, 2012.
[2]. Mallikarjun B. Channappagoudar & Pallapa Venkataram, "Mobile Agent Based Node Monitoring Protocol for MANETs‟, IEEE National Conference on Mobile Computing, pp.1-5, 2013.
[3]. Karim El Defrawy, & Gene Tsudik, "ALARM: Anonymous Location Aided Routing in suspicious MANETs‟, IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, vol.10, Issue.9, pp.1345-1358, 2011.
[4]. Elhadi M. Shakshuki, Nan Kang, & Terek R. Sheltami, "EAACK-A Secure intrusion-Detection System for MANETs‟, IEEE Transaction Industrial Electronics,vol.60,Issue.3,pp.1089-1098, 2013.
[5]. Hung-Min Suna, Chiung-Hsun Chena, Ling-Chun Hsua & Yao-Hsin Chen, "Reliable data transmission against packet dropping misbehavior in wireless ad hoc networks‟, IEEE International Conference on Wireless Mobile and Computing, pp.419-424, 2011.

Abstract: An Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU) is treated as the supreme part of all microprocessors. It performs logical as well as arithmetic operations. It is declining in size and becoming more complex at the present time to bring out the expansion of a extra powerful but smaller design. Anyhow, there are a petty restricting motives that slows down the progress of smaller and extra tricky chip when CMOS is used. The principal limitations in scaling the bulk CMOS are short channel effects, sub-threshold leakage and gate-dielectric leakage...........

Keywords: ALU, FinFET, IGFET, MOSFET, Sub-threshold leakages.

[1]. Shiying Xiong and Jeffrey Bokor, "Sensitivity of Double-Gate and Fin FET Devices to Process Variations", IEEE Transactions On Electron Devices, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2003.
[2]. Xuejue Huang, Wen-Chin Lee, Charles Kuo, Digh Hisamoto, "Sub-50 nm P-Channel Fin FET", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 2001.
[3]. Luca Amar´u, Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon and Giovanni De Micheli, "Efficient Arithmetic Logic Gates Using Double-Gate Silicon Nanowire FETs", Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI), EPFL, Switzerland.
[4]. Brian Swahn and Soha Hassoun "Gate Sizing: Fin FETs vs 32nm Bulk MOSFETs", San Francisco, California, USA, 2006
[5]. Aditya Dayal and Shyam Akashe, "A Novel Double Gate Finfet Transistor: Optimized Power And Performance Analysis For Emerging Nanotechnologies", Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics & Allied Research Vol. 4 No. 4, December, 2013