iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: With the evolution of wireless communication, the limitation of signal estimation under channel variant condition and their effects were increasing. Various techniques were proposed in past for the improvement of signal estimation efficiency based on reference information using adaptive, blind or semi blind approaches. Where blind and semi blind are observed to outperform the adaptive based approaches, further enhancements are still on research to improve the efficiency with minimum time convergence. To achieve this objective, estimation algorithms in time, frequency and time-frequency domain were developed. These approaches try to achieve the efficiency objectives by either increasing the estimation recursion or limiting the error probability.............

Keywords: Signal Estimation, time variant channel condition,MIMO communication, spectral coding

[1]. AmirhosseinFereidountabar,Gian Carlo Cardarilli, Luca Di Nunzio, Rocco Fazzolari, "UAV Channel Estimation with STBC in MIMO Systems", The International Conference on Advanced Wireless, Information, and Communication Technologies, Procedia Computer Science, vol. 73, pp. 426 – 434, Elsevier, 2015.

[2]. A.A.Quadeer, Muhammad S. Sohail, "Enhanced Channel Estimation Using Cyclic Prefix in MIMO STBC OFDM Sytems", Signal Processing and Information Technology, IEEE International Symposium on,pp. 277 – 282, IEEE, 2010.
[3]. Javier V, Ignacio Santamar, and Jes us Perez, "Code Combination for Blind Channel Estimation in General MIMO-STBC Systems", Hindawi Publishing Corporation, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, pp.12 , Springer, 2009.
[4]. ChrislinLele, "Iterative scattered-based channel estimation method for OFDM/OQAM", EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol.42, Springer, 2012.
[5]. UdeshOruthota and Olav Tirkkonen, "SER/BER expression for M-QAM OFDM systems with imperfect channel estimation and I/Q imbalance", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol.303, Springer, 2012.

Abstract: Our goal is to improve the energy-efficiency of the amplify-and-forward relay assisted carrier frequency-division multiple-access uplink, where the relay considered may support a single user or may be shared by multiple users communicating over dispersive channels subject to large-scale fading. Based on the proposed amalgam of single-tap frequency-domain equalisation and a diversity combining aided receiver relying on the minimum mean-square error criterion, three different relay selection schemes designed for either singleuser or multi-user relaying scenarios are investigated, when combined with source/relay power sharing, which employ imperfect power control..............

Keywords: MIMO systems; Power Allocation, SC-FDMA, Cooperative Communications,

[1]. Paolo Baracca, Stefano Tomasin, M, and Nevio Benvenuto, "Backhaul Rate Allocation in Uplink SC-FDMA Systems with Multicell Processing" IEEE Tran. on Wireless Comm., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1264-1273 March 2014.
[2]. C. Han, Tim Harrold, and S. Armour,. "Green Radio: Radio Techniques to Enable Energy-Efficient Wireless Networks" IEEE Commu. Magazine pp. 46-54, 2011
[3]. J. Zhang, L.Yang, and L. Hanzo,, "Energy-Efficient Channel-Dependent Cooperative Relaying for the Multi-User SC-FDMA Uplink," IEEE Tran. on Vol..60 , Iss.. 3 pp. 992 – 1004, March 2011.
[4]. P. Frank, A. Muller, H. Droste, and Joachim Speidel, "Cooperative Interference-Aware Joint Scheduling for the 3GPP LTE Uplink" IEEE 21st Inte. Symp. Pp. 2216 – 2221, 26-30 Sept. 2010
[5]. J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse, and G. W. Wornell, "Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3062–3080, Dec. 2004.

Abstract:by dint of the lightweight patch antenna, a new incentive is given to research on innovative solutions that overcome the limitations of their bandwidth. The evolution of modern communications systems requires operating at two separate sub-bands, which in turn goes hand in hand with increased bandwidth. In principle the dual-frequency patch antennas must operate at two distinct frequencies with similar characteristics in terms of radiation and impedance matching. Obtaining these characteristics becomes more difficult when preserving the structural simplicity and technology. Several studies have been made in the field of dual frequency planar antennas.

Keywords: Dual band, Patch antenna, permeability greater than 1, ferrites films, thin layer, dual frequency

[1] S. Maci and G. BifJi Gentili, “Dual-frequency patch antennas”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 39, No. 6, December 1997

[2] S. ZAAKRI, L. ZENKOUAR and S. BRI, “ Conception of Bi-band Rectangular Microstrip Array Antenna”, in Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1, June 2013

[3] S. Maci G. Biffi Gentili P. Piazzesi and C. Salvador, “Dual-band slot-loaded patch antenna”, IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 142, No. 3, June 1995

[4] G.M. Yang1, X. Xing1, O. Obi1, A. Daigle1, M. Liu1, S. Stoute1, K. Naishadham2, N.X. Sun1 “loading effects of self-biased magnétic films on patch antennas with substrat/superstarte sandwich structure”; the journal of IET Microwaves, Antennas & Prpapagation, 2009

[5] T. Weiland, “A discretization method for the solution of maxwell‟s equations for sixcomponent fields,” Electronics and Communications AEUE, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 116–120, 1977

Abstract: License plates being the unique identity for any registered vehicle, License plate recognition systems have been used to resolve the issue of identification of vehicles. In this paper, a new novel approach is proposed to detect the locations of license plate symbols. Dynamic threshold method is applied to overcome dynamic changes, when converting RGB image to binary. Connected component analysis is used to group the pixels based on pixel connectivity from the scanned image..............

Keywords: Genetic Algorithms (GAs); Connected Component Analysis (CCA); License Plate (LP); Crossover operations.

[1] O. Villegas, D. Balderrama, H. Dom´inguez, and V. S´anchez, "License plate recognition using a novel fuzzy multilayer neural network," Int. J. Comput., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31–40, 2009.
[2] P. Tarabek, "Fast license plate detection based on edge density and integral edge image," in Proc. Int. Conf. Appl. Mach. Intell. Inform., 2012, pp. 37–40.
[3] M. Deriche, "GCC license plates detection and recognition using morphological filtering and neural networks," Int J. Comp. Sci. Info Security, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 263–269, Dec. 2010.
[4] L. Carrera, M. Mora, J. Gonzalez, and F. Aravena, "License plate detection using neural networks," in Proc. IWANN, 2009, vol. 2, pp.1248–1255.

Abstract: The main function of a missile seeker subsystem also known as homing eye is to provide target measurements such as line of sight (LOS) rate and closing velocity that are required to mechanize the guidance law. This geometric LOS is prone to be corrupted by noise and the acceleration of the interceptor cannot be relaxed in stressing engagement situations as these acceleration commands of the interceptor are issued perpendicularly to the instantaneous missile target LOS that are proportional to LOS rate and closing velocity.............

Keywords: Missile seeker, Proportional Navigation, Line of sight, fixed gain filter and Kalman filter.

[1] George M. Siouris, "Missile Guidance and Control System", New York: Springer, 2004.
[2] Neil F. Palumbo, Ross A.blauwkamp, and Justin M.Lloyd, "Modern Homing Missile Guidance Theory and Techniques," Johns Hopkins APL technical digest, volume 29, number 1 (2010)
[3] Paul B. Jackson, "Overview of Missile Flight ControlSystems," Johns Hopkins APL technical digest, volume 29, number 1 (2010)
[4] Battistini S, and Shima T, "Differential games missile guidance with bearingsonly measurements," Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 50 , Issue: 4 DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2014.130366 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 2906 2915
[5] Gurfil, P. ; Jeremy Kasdin, N., "Twostep optimal estimator for three dimensional target tracking.," Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 41 , Issue: 3 DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2005.1541429 Publication Year: 2005 , Page(s): 780 793

Abstract: Insight into the knowledge of Automatic Flight Control Systems gives an understanding of the basic problem of controlling the aircraft's flight, and enhances its ability to assess the solutions to the problems which are generally proposed. There are a number of flight missions which require that an aircraft be made to follow, with great precision, some specially defined path. Whenever a conventional aircraft is to be controlled, pilot can command rates of rotation in any or all of three axes: pitch, roll and yaw. Path variables, such as heading and pressure altitude, need to be measured in the aircraft.............

Keywords: Aircraft dynamics, Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), Flight Path Control Systems (FPCS)

[1] Mousa Boukhnifer, Ahmed Chaibet ESTACA, Levallois-Perret, France, "Robust Control of Aerial Vehicle Flight: Simulation and Experimental Results",IEEEA&ESYSTEMS MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 2014.
[2] Sachit Rao and Debasish Ghose "Sliding Mode Control-Based Autopilots for Leaderless Consensus of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 22, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2014
[3] Jun Yang Shihua Li Changyin Sun and Lei Guo, "Nonlinear-Disturbance-Observer-Based Robust Flight Control for Air breathing Hypersonic Vehicles" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 49, NO. 2 APRIL 2013.
[4] Fu-Yuen Hsiao, Lung-JieH Yang, sen-Huang Lin, CHeng-Lin CHen, and Jeng-Fu sHen, "Autopilots for Ultra Lightweight Robotic Birds", IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE, october 2012

Abstract: FMRI data is an emerging approach that shows all the information of the brain that is represented in the subject of the brain at a particular point in time. Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) is gaining interest in the neuro imaging because it allows Cognitive states to be modeled as distributed patterns of neural activity. The MVPA approach allows to several cognitive state of brain reading. In order to relate the neural actions to cognition in fMRI information Multi-voxel sample examination is used. The intend of this project is to construct a classification model. When the quantity of features (voxels) exceeds the total quantity of data scrutiny, it creates replica over fitting..............

Keywords: fMRI,PLS,mutualinformation,MVPA,VT cortex

[1] J. V. Haxby, M. I. Gobbini, M. L. Furey, A. Ishai, J. L. Schouten, and P. Pietrini, "Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex," Science, vol. 293, no. 5539, pp.2425–2430, 2001.
[2] [2] I. Guyon and A. Elisseeff, "An introduction to variable and Feature selection," J. Machine Learn. Res., vol. 3, pp. 1157– 1182, 2003.
[3] K. A. Norman, S. M. Polyn, G. J. Detre, and J. V. Haxby, "Beyond mind-reading: Multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data," RENDS Cognitive Sci., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 424–430,
[4] V. Michel, C. Damon, and B. Thirion, "Mutual information- Based feature selection enhances fMRI brain activity classification," in Proc.IEEE Int. Symp. Biomed. Imag., 2008, pp. 592–595.

Abstract: It has been found that the partial coronary stenosis generates sounds due to turbulent blood flow. The diastolic heart sounds gives the indications of this stenosis. The electronic stethoscopes can be used to record the heart sounds, which can then be analyzed using computers for detecting coronary occlusions. In this study, Heart sound segmentation is done using Duration dependant Hidden Markov Model which extracts diastolic duration from heart sound..............

Keywords: Auto Regressive Model, Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Sounds, Markov Model, Multiple Signal Classification

[1]. M. Akay, J. L. Semmlow, W. Welkowitz, M. D. Bauer and J. B. Kostis, Detection of coronary occlusions using autoregressive
modeling of diastolic heart sounds, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Apr, 1990,vol. 37, pp. 366-373.
[2]. Y. M. Akay, M. Akay, W. Welkowitz, J. L. Semmlow and J. B. Kostis, Noninvasive acoustical detection of coronary artery disease:
A comparative study of signal processing methods, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1993 vol. 40, pp. 571-578.
[3]. M. Akay, Y. M. Akay, D. Gauthier, R. G. Paden, W. Pavlicek, F. D. Fortuin, J. P. Sweeney and R. W. Lee, Dynamics of diastolic
sounds caused by partially occluded coronary arteries, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Feb, 2009, vol. 56, pp. 513-517.

Abstract: Biometric products such as fingerprint are designed as "access denial" secure storage for medications, jewelry, weapons, documents, and other valuable or potentially harmful items. These utilize fingerprint recognition technology to allow access to only those whose fingerprints you choose. It contains all the necessary electronics to allow you to store, delete, and verify fingerprints with just the touch of a button. Stored fingerprints are retained even in the event of complete power failure or battery drain. Biometric voting has made the voting procedure simpler. It is a revolutionary method preferred to traditional EVM voting, as it is risk defective. It is advantageous because it includes features such as avoidance of invalid votes (booth capturing), reduction of counting time and the expenditure incurred on manpower deployment and caring of photo ID cards for voters for recognition.. ...........

Keywords: Electronic voting machine(evm),Biometric fingerprint recognisation, Authentication center(AC),Verification Server (VS),Voting Device (Vd), collecting and Counting server (CS)

[1]. Muni Venkateswarlu, Y.V.Vijay Kumar "Biometric System Based Electronic Voting Machine With Security Algorithm And Password Protection On Arm Microcontroller And Gsm." On Ijseat, Vole 2, Issue 7, July – 2014
[2]. B. Far Hath Anjum M. Deepa Mrs.C.N.Kalaivani "Advanced Microcontroller Based Bio-Metric Authentication Voting Machine" On Iosr Journal Of Engineering (Iosrjen) Issn (E): 2250-3021, Issn (P): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 05 (May. 2014)
[3]. D. Ashok Kumar, T. Ummal Sariba Begum "A Novel Design Of Electronic Voting System
[4]. Using Fingerprint" On International Journal Of Innovative Technology & Creative Engineering Vol.1 No.1 January 2011
[5]. Alaguvel.R , Gnanavel.G, Jagadhambal.K "Biometrics Using Electronic Voting System With Embedded Security" On International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer Engineering & Technology (Ijarcet) Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013

Abstract: Multi-user multiple input multiple output technology has number of users with multiple antennas or without multiple antennas. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the special case of multi-carrier transmission and it can have capacity for high data rate requisite of multimedia based wireless systems. Nowadays Wireless communication systems are facing major challenges – interference, fading, path loss, noise which deteriorates its performance.............

Keywords: OFDM, channel estimation, MU-MIMO, ALS, VLM

[1]. Shah, Nirav, et al. "Carrier frequency offset correction for uplink multi-user MIMO for next generation Wi-Fi." Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2015 International Conference on.IEEE, 2015. [2]. Zhang, Han, Shan Gao, Dong Li, Hongbin Chen, and Liang Yang. "On superimposed pilot for channel estimation in multi-cell multiuser mimo uplink: large system analysis." (2015). [3]. Arevalo, Leonel, Rodrigo C. de Lamare, and RaimundoSampaio-Neto. "Iterative Multi-Branch Lattice Reduction-Aided Successive Interference Cancellation for Multiuser MIMO Systems." In WSA 2015; 19th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas; Proceedings of, pp. 1-5. VDE, 2015. [4]. Yin, Haifan, David Gesbert, Miltiades Filippou, and Yingzhuang Liu. "A coordinated approach to channel estimation in large-scale multiple-antenna systems." Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on 31, no. 2 (2013): 264-273.

Abstract: For future wireless communication frameworks, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is assumed to be perfect method. OFDM offered number of advantages such as high data rate, efficient bandwidth etc. but also having major limitations such as poor BER (bit error rate) and PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio). To improve such performances, recently hybrid solution proposed single carrier method with OFDM which is commonly known as SC-OFDM. SC-OFDM resulted into the improved performance for BER and PAPR performance parameters as compared to traditional OFDM system..............

Keywords: Single Carrier OFDM, ICI, BER, PAPR, MKM, clipping and filtering

[1]. Xue Li, Stevan Hong, Vasu D. Chakravarthy, Michael Temple, and Zhiqiang Wu, "Intercarrier Interference Immune Single Carrier OFDM via Magnitude-Keyed Modulation for High Speed Aerial Vehicle Communication", IEEE transaction on communications, VOL. 61, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2013
[2]. Li Tao, Jianjun Yu, Junwen Zhang, Yufeng Shao, and Nan Chi, "Reduction of Intercarrier Interference Based on
Window Shaping in OFDM RoF Systems", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, VOL. 25, NO. 9, MAY 1, 2013
[3]. Shu-Ming Tseng, Yu-Chin Kuo, and Yueh-Teng Hsu, "Turbo ICI Cancellation and LDPC Decoding for OFDM Systems", International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2008
[4]. Yuping Zhao and Sven-Gustav Häggman,"Intercarrier Interference Self-Cancellation Scheme for OFDM Mobile Communication Systems", IEEE Transactions On Communications, VOL. 49, NO. 7, JULY 2001
[5]. AlirezaSeyedi, Member, IEEE, and Gary J. Saulnier, "General ICI Self-Cancellation Scheme for OFDM Systems", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VOL. 54, NO. 1, JANUARY 2005

Abstract: The computerized toll gathering framework utilizing latent Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag rises as a persuading answer for the manual toll gathering technique utilized at tollgates. Time and productivity are a matter of need of present day. With a specific end goal to defeat the real issues of vehicle blockage and time utilization RFID innovation is utilized. RFID peruser settled at tollgate outline (or even a hand held peruser at manual path, on the off chance that RFID labeled vehicle enters manual toll paying path) peruses the label joined to windshield of vehicle...............

Keywords: RFID card reader, RFID tags, GSM, ARM 7.

[1]. The Time's of India paper April 20, 2012 "Now Road toll can be paid without stopping at Toll Plazas".
[2]. The Time's of India paper May 28, 2012 "High -Tech number plates for 20 lakh vehicles soon".
[3]. Tom Pettruzzelis, "TELEPHONE PROJECTS FOR THE EVIL GENIUS",BPB PUBLICATIONS
[4]. Klaus Finkenzeller, "RFID Handbook: Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications". John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
[5]. H. Vogt. Efficient Object identification with passive RFID tags. In F.Mattern and M. Naghsinesh, editors, International Conference on Pervasive Computing. Volume 2414 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 98-113, Zurich, August 2002. Springer-Verleg.