iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

Abstract: In this paper, we are going to introduce a new token system which can successfully reduce waiting time of customer and crowd in the bank. The main aim of this paper is to develop a model that integrate alert notification via SMS to be sent to the customers to provide specific services according to the customers requirement also these customers can be updating the progress of data queuing via GSM communication. The target population covers mainly the customer at bank. Though the study focuses on bank line system mostly, the system can be suitably modified and extended further to serve many such application.

Index Terms: Data Queuing, GSM Modem, PIC Microcontroller, Token .

[1] MohdHelmy, AbdWahab, Norzilawati Abdullah, AyobJohari, HerdawatieAbdulKadir., 2010, "GSM Based Electrical Control System for Smart Home Application," Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 5(01), pp.33 –39
[2] AmitChauhan, ReechaRanjan Singh, SangeetaAgrawal, SaurabhKapoor, S.Sharma., 2011, "SMS based Remote Control System," IJCSMS International Journal of Computer Science and Management Studies,11(02), pp.19 – 24
[3] AayushAggarwal and R.C.Joshi., 2012, "WSN and GSM based Remote Home Security System," IJCS Proceedings on International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Trends in Information Technology (iRAFIT 2012), pp.41 – 45
[4] KhondkerShajadulHasan, MashiurRahman, AbulL.Haque, M.AbdurRahman, TanzilRahman and M MahbuburRasheed., 2009, "Cost Effective GPS – GPRS Based Object Tracking System," Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS

Abstract:Agricultural field is playing a vital role in Indian economy. In this, irrigation mechanism is of key concern. Irrigation is the process of artificially supplying water to land where crops are cultivated. Our paper aims to control the wastage of water in the field and to find the exact field condition for farming. Traditionally natural rainfall, canal water and hand pumps were a major source of water supply for irrigation. But this method has led to severe drawbacks.......

Keywords: MODEM, PIC16F876A, RS232 converter (MAX232N) serial port, SMS, sensors.

[1] Prathyusha.K, G. Sowmya Bala, Dr. K. Sreenivasa Ravi, "A Real – Time Irrigation control system for precision agriculture using WSN in Indian agricultural sectors". (IJCSEA) Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2013.
[2] Chandrika Chanda, Surbhi Agrawal, Er. B. Persis Urbana Ivy, "A Survey of Automated GSM Based Irrigation System". IJETAE (2250 – 2459), Vol. 2, issue 10, October 2012.
[3] N. Priyanka, Aravind, "Modern Indian Agricultural System using GSM". (IJESAT) Vol. 2, issue 5, 1354 – 1356, Sept – Oct 2012.
[4] K. Prathyusha, M. Chaitanya Suman, "Design of Embedded System for the Automation of Drip Irrigation". IJAIEM (2319 – 4847), Vol. 1, issue 2, October 2012.

Abstract:To day Automotive Electronics sector is becoming more in demand due to its increasing technologies. CAN protocol is basically used in automobile industries for communication in Vehicular ad hoc networks. The proposed system presents the development and implementation of digital driving and automatic breaking system for avoid rear-end collision of vehicle. MEMS accelerometer sensor is used to measure static and dynamic acceleration due to moving of the vehicle.......

Keywords: VANET, MEMS, Visible Light Communication, Inter Vehicle distance, rear-end collision.

[1] "Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Communication Protocols for Enhancing Highway Traffic Safety," S. Biswas. R. Tatchikou, and F. Dion IEEE Comm., Vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 74-82, Jan.2006.
[2] Dynamic Broadcasting in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. Sara Najafzadeh, Norafidas Ithnin, Shuko AbRazak and Ramin Karimi, International journal of computer theory and engineering, Vol.5, No 4, August 2013
[3] Sichitiu and M. Kihl, "Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A survey,"IEEE Comm. Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 88- 105, May-Aug. 2008.
[4] VADD: Vehicle-Assisted Data Delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks, Jing Zhao and Guohong Cao Department of computer science and engineering
[5] Enhancement of Delivery of Warning Messages for Mobile Networks. Chi-Sheng Tasi and Wun-Kai DuDepartment of computer science and engineering. Taipei, Taiwan.

Abstract: It is well known that the slots in the broad wall of rectangular waveguide along the axis do not radiate. However, the slots are displaced from the either side of the axis in array design. It is possible to produce required polarized fields by making slots suitably inclined. The work on such arrays for the generation of prefixed pattern is not available in the literature........

Keywords: Broadwall slot, Conductance,Offset slot parameter, Dissipation power.

[1] Robert S. Elliott, L.A Kurtz, "Design of small slot arrays", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and propagation, Vol. AP-26, No.2, March 1978.
[2] M. Orefice and R.S. Elliot, "Design of waveguide fed series slot arrays," IEE Proc. Vol. 129, pt. H, No. 4, pp. 165-169, August 1982.
[3] R. S. Elliot, "On the design of travelling wave-fed longitudinal shunt slot arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-27, No. 5, pp. 717-720, September 1979.
[4] Robert S. Elliot, "An improved design procedure for small arrays of shunt slots," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-31, No. 1, pp. 48-53, January 1983.
[5] Elliot R.S and O‟Loughlin W.R, "The design of slot arrays including internal mutual coupling," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-34, No. 9, pp. 1149-1154, September 1986.

Abstract: Medical image processing has became a real time expansion, and has been an interdisciplinary research field attracting many research people from applied mathematics, computer sciences, engineering, statistics, physics, biology and medicine. This paper presents the new approach for removal of motion artifacts of medical images. Organs such as heart, lung, brain etc in human body cause motion artifacts during the scans. This artifacts should be removed while reconstruction of the scanned data using the PSBP(pixel specific back projection)........

Keywords: Back projection, PSBP ,PSO, Reconstruction

[1] Andre, M, et al (2013). The Chemistry of Contrast Agents inMedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A John and Wiley Sons Publications, Second Edition.

ss[2] Jerold, S.S., et al (2011). Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac pacemakers: era of "MR Conditional" designs. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 13(63).
[3] Shang,Y.T., et al (2016). Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Retrieved on 26th April 2016 from http://www.nature.com/subjects/magnetic-resonance-imaging

[4] Tanya, L, (2014). What is an MRI-Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Live Science

[5] Pierre, J.N., (2007). Magnetic Resonance Imaging: From Spin Physics to Medical Diagnosis. Quantum Spaces. Retrieved on 26th April 2016 from http://www.bourbaphy.fr/nacher.pdf

Abstract: According to WHO standard the RF leakage beyond +10 dBm are hazardous to human being. The microwave oven is a kitchen appliance which is used in day to day life. But, until 1967 an affordable and compact microwave oven was not readily available for domestic use. The obvious cooking advantages provided by the microwave oven ensured that its uptake would be rapid. It is extensive with up to 90 percent of the western world's households currently owning one.........

Keywords: Leakage detection, MAR 3 Amplifier, MCP 3008, Microwave Oven, Raspberry Pi

[1] M. Bangay,C. Zombolas, "Advanced Measurements of Microwave Oven Leakage", Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear safety Agency,2004.

[2] WEN Yinghong, ZHANG Linchang, LIU Chen, ZHANG Xiaodong, "Measurement and Calculation Of The Radiation Characteristics Of Microwave Oven" EMC Research Section Northern Jiaotong University Beijing, China proceeding IEEE 2003

[3] Kazumasa Taka, Takashi Kato, Kunio Sawaya, Risaburo Sato "Estimation of Source Location of Leakage Field fromTransformer-type Microwave Oven" Proc. 1991 htemolional Symposium on EAC, Sendai.Iapaq pp. 803, May 1994

[4] Robert F. Schiffmann, Rupert Steiner "Inexpensive Microwave Leakage Detectors" Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 46 (3), 2012, pp. 128-138. A Publication of the International Microwave Power Institute

[5] Gopinath Shanmuga Sundaram, Bhanuprasad Patibandala, Harish Santhanam, Sindhura Gaddam "Bluetooth Communication using a Touchscreen Interface with the Raspberry Pi", Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina, Southeastcon FL USA, proceeding IEEE Charlotte, 4-7 April 2013

Abstract: The research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is on the upsurge these days. These networks are application specific and can be used to gather information from the regions where our bodily presence is not viable. Routing protocols used to route information can be data centric, location based, hierarchical etc. The main objective is to efficiently put to use the limited energy available in a network.........

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cluster Head, Firefly Algorithm

[1]. Harjeet Kaur, Varsha Sahni, and Dr. Manju Bala, A Survey of Reactive, Proactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols in MANET: A Review, IJCSIT, 2013, 498-500
[2]. Xin –She Yang, Nature- Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms: Second Edition (Luniver Press, UK, 2010)
[3]. 3.Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Hari Balakrishnan, Energy-Efficeint Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks, 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-33), 2000
[4]. Tran Cong Hung and Nguyen Hong Quan, A proposal for improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, IJCNC, September 2014, 56-69
[5]. Arati Manjeshwar and Dharma P. Agrawal, TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in Wireless sensor networks, IEEE, 2001

Abstract: This paper presents The Electromagnetic Interference effect from power line noise in Multi Speciality Hospital to Bio-Medical signals. The study includes the design of Bio-Medical signal Generating circuits that is used to eliminate the power line noise from the signal. The Bio-Medical system basically is a combination of Instrumentation Amplifier, High pass filter, Low pass filter, and Notch filter. There are several other circuits developed in this study which are voltage reference, ac-coupling circuit and low pass filter for voltage input from USB power supply.........

Keywords: Bio Medicalsignal, Electromagnetic Interference, Rejection Frequency, Power-line Noise, Faraday shield

[1]. M. N. Jamaluddin. Real-Time Implementation of Twelve-Lead Automated ECG System, Master Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2007.
[2]. J. G. Webster. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, 3rd edition, Wiley & Sons, 1998.
[3]. Mohit Kumar and Vivek Agarwal, IEEE TRA NSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 48, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2006
[4]. "Effect of Material Parameters on Shielding Parameters of a Three layered Layered Laminate Electromagnetic Shield at X-Band", 978-0-7695-4209-6/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/CNC.2010.63.
[5]. Laminate Electromagnetic Shield at X-Band", ", 978-0-7695-4209-6/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE, DOI 10.1109/CNC.2010.63.

Abstract: When the biological tissues are under the influence of EM fields, each tissue behaves differently as human body is non homogeneous. Each tissue is represented by its own fundamental media parameters i.e., permittivity, permeability and conductivity are different to each one of them. Zhao Wang reported detailed analysis on cellular scale, for single and double layer model of cell. It is of interest in the present work, we extend this analysis for additional tissues considering single layer models.

Keywords: Conductivity, non homogeneous media, permeability, permittivity, single layer model.

[1]. Drago, G. P., Ridella, S., "Evaluation of electrical fields inside a biological structure", Br J Cancer (Supply V), vol. 45: 215-219, 1982.
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[4]. Kotnik, T., Milclavcic, D., "Theoretical evaluation of voltage inducement on internal membranes of biological cells exposed to electric fields", Biophys. J.,vol. 90: 480-491, Jan. 2006.
[5]. Liu, L.M., Cleary, S.F., "Absorbed energy distribution from radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation in a mammalian cell model: Effect of membrane-bound water", Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 16: 160-171, 1995.

Abstract: Technological advances witnessed in cochlear implant (CI) devices, most CI users can now achieve reliable speech intelligibility in controlled quiet scenarios, particularly in predictable conversations. Environmental distortions, such as reverberation and additive noise, on the other hand, are known to significantly degrade speech intelligibility. This paper validates a novel approach to predict speech intelligibility for Cochlear Implant users (CIs) in reverberant environments.........

Keywords: Cochlear Implants(CIs),Noise Reduction, Speech Enhancement, Wiener filter(WF),SNR.

[1] D. S. Brungart, P. S. Chang, B. D. Simpson, and D. Wang, "Isolating the energetic component of speech-on-speech masking with ideal time-frequency,"J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 120, pp. 4007–4018, 2006.

[2] I. Brons, R. Houben, and W. A. Dreschler, "Perceptual effects of noise reduction by time-frequency masking of noisy speech," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 132, no. 4, pp. 2690–2699, 2012.

[3] D. Wang, "Time-frequency masking for speech separation and its potential for hearing aid design,"Trends Amplification, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 323–353, 2008.

[4] N. Madhu, A. Spriet, S. Jansen, R. Koning, and J. Wouters, "The potential for speech intelligibility improvement using the ideal binary mask and the ideal wiener filter in single channel noise reduction systems: Applica-tion to auditory prostheses,"IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 63–72, Jan. 2013.

Abstract: We propose an ensemble-based framework to improve microaneurysm detection. Unlike the well-known approach of considering the output of multiple classifiers, we propose a combination of internal components of microaneurysm detectors, namely preprocessing methods and candidate extractors. We have evaluated our approach for microaneurysm detection in an online competition, where this algorithm is currently ranked as first, and also on two other databases.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading, ensemble-based systems, fundus image processing, microaneurysm (MA) detection.

[1]. M. Abramoff, M. Niemeijer, M. Suttorp-Schulten, M. A. Viergever, S. R. Russel, and B. van Ginneken, "Evaluation of a system for automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy from color fundus photographs in a large population of patients with diabetes," Diabetes Care, vol. 31, pp. 193–198, 2008.
[2]. D. Fleming, K. A. Goatman, S. Philip, G. J. Prescott, P. F. Sharp, and J. A. Olson, "Automated grading for diabetic retinopathy: A large-scale audit using arbitration by clinical experts," Br. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 94, no. 12, pp. 1606–1610, 2010.
[3]. H. J. Jelinek, M. J. Cree, D. Worsley, A. Luckie, and P. Nixon, "An automated microaneurysm detector as a tool for identification of diabetic retinopathy in rural optometric practice," Clin. Exp. Optom., vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 299–305, 2006.

Abstract: This work presents observations from an extensive set of measurements of the direction of arrival and signal strength of HF signals propagating on a path (Ottawa to Bruntingthorpe) oriented along the mid-latitude trough with path length 5254km. Signals were radiated on five frequencies between 5.4 and 14.4 MHz and measurements span the period from the 2009 sunspot minimum to July 2014, which is within the present sunspot maximum.......

Keywords: HF propagation, Mid-latitude trough, Hourly variations, Seasonal variations, Sunspot cycles, Ottawa, Bruntingthorpe.

[1]. IPS Radio and Space Services, Introduction to HF radio propagation, http://www.ips.gov.au/Educational/5/2/2#sect1, 2012. Last Accessed July 23, 2014.
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[3]. E.M. Warrington, A. Bourdillon, E. Benito, C. Bianchi, J. Monilié, M. Muriuki, M. Pietrella, V. Rannou, H. Rothkaehl, H. Saillant, O. Sari, A.J. Stocker, E. Tulunay, Y. Tulunay, and N. Zaalov, Aspects of HF radio propagation, Annals of Geophysics, 52(3-4), 2009, 301-321.
[4]. E.M. Warrington, A.J. Stocker, N. Zaalov, D.R. Siddle, and I.A. Nasyrov, Propagation of HF radio waves over northerly paths: measurements, simulation and systems aspects, Annals of Geophysics, 47(2-3), 2004, 1161-1177.

Abstract: Engineers working in the field of Speech Coding have been actively searching for methods to reduce the bandwidth consumed by quantized speech signals. Human ear has a build in ability to become more or less sensitive to audible signals. We have a difficult time hearing someone whispering at a rock concert. Some speech coding algorithms exploit this phenomenon by using a greater number of progressively smaller quantization levels for low amplitude signals and fewer, coarser quantization levels for large amplitude signals. This is known as non-uniform quantization.........

[1] J. C. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982.
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[3] A. Gersho, "Principles of Quantization", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, pp. 427-436, July 1978.
[4] N. S. Jayant and P. Noll, Digitall Coding of Wavforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and Video, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1984.
[5] A. B. Jerri, "The Shannon Sampling theorem- Its Various Extensions and applications: A Tutorial Review, "Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.1565-1596, November 1977.

Abstract: Nowadays almost all the peoples are using internet to accomplish their task through wired or wireless network. As number of users are increases in using wireless network , speed decreases . Though Wi-Fi gives us speed up to 150Mbps as per IEEE 802.11n, which is not sufficient to accommodate number of desired users. To remedy this limitation of Wi-Fi, we are introducing the new concept of Li-Fi technology. Li-Fi stands for the Light Fidelity.

Keywords: Li-Fi construction, Li-Fi applications , Li-Fi advantages ,Li-Fi limitation , Proposed system.

[1] Light Fidelity (Li-Fi): Future of Next Generation Wireless and Mobile Communication Technology,,by Farooq Aftab, Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Amtul Hafeez
[2] Ravi Prakash, Prachi Agarwal ―The New Era of Transmission and Communication Technology : Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) LED & TED Based Approach‖, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2014
[3] Ekta, Ranjeet Kaur Light ―Fidelity (LI-FI)-A Comprehensive Study‖ International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing Vol. 3, Issue. 4, April 2014, pg.475 – 481 ISSN 2320–088X
[4] N. Kumar, D. Terra, N. Lourenço, L. N. Alves, and R. L. Aguiar, ―Visible light communication for intelligent transportation in road safety applications,‖ in Proc. 7th Int. Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput. Conf,pp. 1513– 1518,2011
[5] Dr. Sarika Agarwal, Himanshu Sharma and Gaurav Rathee, ―LI-FI(Light Fidelity) Technology‖, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 11, November – 2013

Abstract: In this paper, cloud characteristics in relation to radio wave propagation over some selected locations in South Kordfan -Sudan . It is seen that low cloud occurrence is quite significant. The performance of radio systems deteriorates due to cloud attenuation as well as due to cloud noise temperature. Based on the cloud attenuation results, at 10 GHz, 16 GHz, 32 , 44 GHz and 70 GHz has been determined for the aforesaid stations. The results, presented here are useful to design earth- space communication links over this aforesaid location in Sudan..

[1] Brussard G & Watson P A, Atmospheric Modelling and Millimeter Wave propagation, Chapman and Hall, London UK
[2] Slobin S D, Microwave noise temperature and attenuation of clouds: Statistics of these effects at various sites in the United States, Alaska and Hawaii, Radio Sci (USA),
[3] Physical Laboratory, New Delhi
[4] Study of Cloud Impact on Fixed Satellite Communication Link at Ku, Ka and V Bands , T.V. Omotosho, E.B. Babatunde.
[5] Experimental comparison of terahertz and infrared data signal attenuation in dust clouds , Ke Su,1,* Lothar Moeller,2 Robert B. Barat,3 and John F. Federici1

Abstract: Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) sequences find applications in spread spectrum communications, radars, system identification and cryptography. Among LFSR sequences, maximal length sequences are in variably used in these application due to their desirable properties. However maximal length sequences are available in limited number of lengths for a given number of shift register stages. On the other hand, the non-maximal length sequences can be generated in varieties of lengths. It appears that the NMLS were not investigated into, to the extent they deserve.............

Keywords: Reducible polynomials, LFSR sequences, PN sequences, Correlation Analysis, Runs Property, Window Property, Shift and Add Property.

[1]. Merrill I. Skolnik, Introduction To Radar Systems, Second Edition, Chapter 11, (Auckland: McGraw-Hill, 1981). [2]. Donald Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2 – Seminumerical Algorithms, Third Edition, (Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1997)
[3]. Raymond L. Pickholtz et. al., Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications-A Tutorial, IEEE trans on Communications, 30 (5), May 1982, 885-884.
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Abstract: This paper presents a pipelined Adaptive Viterbi algorithm of rate ½ convolutional coding with a constraint length K = 3 which is designed in a reconfigurable hardware to take full advantage of algorithm parallelism, specialization and the throughput rate. In present work, the hardware implementation of the pipelined Adaptive Viterbi algorithm is performed using FPGA processor (Spartan-3AN starter Field............

Keywords: Convolutional coding, Viterbi Decoder, Pipelining, Adaptive Viterbi algorithm.

[1]. D.RahulVarma , A. Uday Kumar, B. VijayaBhaskar,"Reconfigurable Viterbi Decoder" ,Department of ECE,
[2]. St.Theresa College of Engg. and Tech., Andhra Pradesh, India, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ,Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp.124-127, September- October 2012.
[3]. I. Kang, A. N. W. Jr, "Low-Power Viterbi Decoder for CDMA Mobile Terminals", IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 3, Mar. 1998.
[4]. P. Subhashini, D. R. Mahesh Varma, Y. David Solomon Raju, "Implementation Analysis of adaptive Viterbi Decoder for High Speed Applications ",International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) ,Vol. 31– No.2, October 2011.
[5]. Dr. Dhafir A. Alneema,YahyaTaherQassim, "FPGA Based Implementation of Convolutional Encoder- Viterbi Decoder Using Multiple Booting Technique", Computer Engineering Dept. University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.18 No.6 December 2010.

Abstract: Digital image watermarking is hiding information in any form (text, image, audio and video) in original image without degrading its perceptual quality, which is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) by using Arnold Transform method. DCT based watermarking techniques offers compression while DWT based compression offers scalability. Thus all these desirable properties can be utilized to create a new robust watermarking technique. The DCT coefficients of the DWT coefficients are used to embed the watermarking information. So we go for SVD based digital watermarking which is a method of authentication data embedding in image characteristics with expectation to show resiliency against different type of unintentional or deliberate attacks.............

Keywords: Watermarking, DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform), SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

[1]. C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, "Digital Watermarking: Algorithms and Applications," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, July 2001
[2]. I. J. Cox, M. L. Miller, and J. A. Bloom, Digital Watermarking, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.
[3]. R. Karkarala and P. O. Ogunbona, "Signal Analysis Using a Multiresolution Form of the Singular Value Decomposition," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10(5), May 2001
[4]. G.C.W. Ting, B.M. Goi, S.H. Heng, Attacks on a robust watermarking scheme based on self-reference image, Computer Standards and Interfaces 30 ; 2008
[5]. Harsh Varma, Abhishek Singh, Raman Kumar ,"Robustness of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques against brightness and rotation attacks", (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol No:1, 2009.

Abstract: Dispersion compensation in optical fiber communication system is analyzed. Performance is analyzed at10 Gbps in optical communication system with different transmission distance.To analyze the different modulation formats for optical modulation system and the impact of dispersion compensators on the performance of efficient optical communication system.Q factor and BER is analyzed with respect to length of fiber............

Keywords: Dispersion compensation,Fiber brag grating,EDFA,BER,DCF,wavelength division multiplexing

[1]. Performance of backbone line Pristina-Skopje in 10 GBPS \& 40GBPS using WDM and EDFA Amplifier Technology. Limani, Besim. 2016, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology.
[2]. Design Performance of High Speed Optical Fiber WDM System with Optimally Placed DCF for Dispersion Compensation. Yadav, Mulayam, et al. 20, s.l. : Foundation of Computer Science, 2015, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 122.
[3]. Dispersion Compensation with Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF). Kaur, Manpreet, Sarangal, Himali and Bagga, Parveen. 2015, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering.
[4]. Dispersion compensation using FBG and DCF in 120 Gbps WDM systems. Singh, Gagandeep, Saxena, Jyoti and Kaur, Gagandeep. 6, 2014, International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), Vol. 3.
[5]. Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber using DCF. Singh, Parul and Chahar, Rekha. 8, 2014, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), Vol. 3.

Abstract: This paper aims to develop a robot which is mainly based on human machine interface highly applicable to assist the patients. This is a wireless gesture controlled system and which moves according to the gestures. This gesture acts as the input signal for the robot with the help of MEMS sensors. Thus the movement of the robot is controlled by the MEMS sensors which are fixed in the fingers of the patients............

Keywords: MEMS; sensors; microcontroller unit; wireless camera; voice module.

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