iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (OCDMA) have flourished as successful schemes for expanding the transmission capacity as well as enhancing the security for OCDMA. Optical code-division multiple-access is proposed as a natural solution to achieving asynchronous, high-speed connectivity in a local area network environment. Optical CDMA is shown to be competitive with other networking technologies such as WDMA and TDMA, but has the benefit of more flexibility, simpler protocols, and no need for centralized network control. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on OCDMA overlay systems, including our approach of one dimensional coding of SAC OCDMA. Furthermore, an essential background of OCDMA, recent coding techniques and security issues are also presented.The limitations of one-dimensional optical orthogonal codes for CDMA have motivated the idea of spectral spreading in both the temporal and wavelength domains. If the constraints on constant weight in these two-dimensional codes are relaxed, differentiated levels of service at the physical layer become possible. Areas for further research are suggested which may allow quality of service levels to be guaranteed at the physical layer.
Keywords: OCDMA, multiple access, OOC(Optical orthogonal code), WDMA+CDMA, Multiple weight OOC.

[1]. Viterbi, A., 1979. Spread spectrum communications--Myths and realities. IEEE Commun. Mag., 17: 11-18.DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.1979.1089969
[2]. Pickholtz, R., D. Schilling and L. Milstein, 1982.Theory of spread-spectrum communications—a tutorial. IEEE Trans. Commun., 30: 855-884.10.1109/TCOM.1982.1095533
[3]. Hata, M., N. Shiraishi, S. Tomisato, 2006. Cellular CDMA system capacity in a service area with tapered traffic distribution. Proceedings of theIEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference, Apr. 3-6, IEEE Xplore Press, LasVegas, NV, pp: 25-29. DOI:10.1109/WCNC.2006.1683435
[4]. Prucnal, P., M. Santoro and T. Fan, 1986. Spread spectrum fiber-optic local area network usingoptical processing. J. Lightw. Technol., 4: 547-554.DOI: 10.1109/JLT.1986.1074754
[5]. Salehi, J.A., 1989. Code division multiple-accesstechniques in optical fiber networks. I. Fundamental principles. IEEE Trans. Commun.,37: 824-833. DOI: 10.1109/26.31181
[6]. Salehi, J.A. and C.A. Brackett, 1989. Code divisionmultiple-access techniques in optical fibernetworks. II. Systems performance analysis. IEEETrans. Commun., 37: 834-842. DOI:10.1109/26.31182
[7]. Hamam, H., 2006. Optical Fiber Components: Designand Applications. 1st Edn.,Transworld ResearchNetwork, India, ISBN: 8130800977, pp: 243.
[8] M. J. Parham, C. Smythe and B. L. Weiss, ―Code division multiple access techniques for use in optical fiber local area networks,‖ Elect. AndComm. Journal, pp. 203-212, Aug. 1992.
[9] J. Salehi, ―Code Division Multiple AccessTechniques in Optical Fiber Networks-Part I:Fundamental Concepts,‖ IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.37, p. 824, August 1989.
[10] V. Baby, B. C. Wang, L. Xu, I. Glesk and P. R.Prucnal, ―Highly scalable serial–parallel opticaldelay line,‖ Optics Communications, Vol. 218, pp.235-242, April 2003.

Abstract: Near Field Communication (NFC) is one of the latest wireless communication technologies, making possible variety of novel services particular in the security aspect. This paper presents an idea to implement a security system using a new technology called the Near Field Identification (NFID) which uses the combined principle of NFC and RFID (Radio frequency Identification). The security system thus developed will have a wide advantage over the existing biometric systems that are in practice and will provide a highly secure environment in the near future.
Keywords: Amplifier, LED, NFID, NFC, RFID, Security.

[1] W. Webb, Wireless Communications: The Future John Wiley & Sons, 2007. Gelenbe, E. (2006)
[2] Near Field Communication and the NFC Forum: The Keys to Truly Interoperable Communications White Paper, NFC Forum, 2007
[3] B. Benyó, B. Sódor, A. Vilmos, G. FördĘs,"A novel virtual machine based approach for hosting NFC services on mobile devices" WMNC 2010.
[4] Benyó B, Sódor B, Kovács L, Homlok J, FördĘs G: Security issues of service installation on a multi-application NFC environment. 14th IEEE Int. Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES 2010).
[5] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and IdentificationJ. Wiley & S., 2003
[6] Short Form Specification, "Near Field Communication PN531- C based Transmission module", Philips Semiconductors, February 2004.

Abstract: In this work, we describe an effective video communication for wireless transmission of H.264/AVC medical ultrasound video over mobile WiMAX networks. Medical ultrasound is encoded using error resilient encoding in which, the quantization levels are varied according to the function of the diagnostic significance of image region. We explain how our proposed system allows for the transmission of high-resolution clinical video which is being encoded at the clinical acquisition resolution and then decoded with low delay. We perform this functional concept by using OPNET simulations of the mobile WiMAX medium and also considering some of the physical layer characteristics also such as service prioritization classes, different types of modulation being performed, fading channel's conditions, coding schemes and their types and mobility.We are encoding the ultrasound videos at 4CIF(704×576)resolution to provide high level of clarity. The video quality assessment is being done based on both of their evaluations in objective and subjective manner.
Keywords: WiMAX, Long Term Evolution(LTE), High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC), Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), Diagnostically Relevant Encoding, 4G, mobile health care.

[1] C.S. Pattichis, E. Kyriacou, S. Voskarides, M.S. pattichis, and R. Istepanian, "Wireless telemedicine systems:An overview,"IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag.,vol.44,no.2,pp. 143-153, Apr.2002.
[2] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S. Pattichis, C.P. Loizou, M. Pantziaris, and A. Pitsillides, "Atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound video encoding, wireless transmission, and quality assessment using H.264."IEEE Trans.Inf.Technol.Biomed., vol.15, no.3,pp.387-397, May 2011.
[3] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S Pattichis, A. Pitsillides, "A tutorial for emerging wireless medical video transmission systems," IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag., vol.53, no.2, pp.202-213, Apr.2011.
[4] A.S. Panayides, "Diagnostically resilient encoding, wireless transmission, and quality assessment of medical video,"Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept.Comput.Sci., Univ.Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2011.
[5] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S Pattichis, C.N.Schizas, A. Spanias, and E.C. Kyriacou, "An overview of recent end-to-end wireless medical video telemedicine systems using 3G," in Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aug.31-sep.4, 2010, pp. 1045-1048.
[6] C.S Pattichis, C.P Loizou, and M. Pantziaris, And A. Nicolaides, "An integrated system for the segmentation of atherosclerotic carotid plaque,"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 11,no. 5, pp. 661-667, Nov.2007.
[7] M.G. Martini and C.T.E.R. Hewage, "Flexible macroblock ordering for context-aware ultrasound video transmission over mobile WiMAX," Int. J. Telemed. Appl., vol. 2010, p. 14, 2010.
[8] A.Alinejad, N. Philip, and R. Istepanian, "Cross layer ultrasound video streaming over mobile WiMAX and HSUPA networks," IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 16,no. 1, pp.31-39,Jan. 2012.

Abstract:Wireless application can work better if the supporting component especially the antenna can transmit and receive the power with low losses due to the misalignment. Reducing the power losses caused by misalignment can be performed with the circularly polarized antenna. We proposed the circularly polarized antenna, with 40mm x 40 mm in dimension and FR-4 substrate with the dielectric constant of 4.4. The microstrip line fed and the power divider method were used to get orthogonal mode. From the measurement result, the antenna can work at frequency range of 1.9 up to 2.5 GHz omnidirectionally and has an axial ratio value below 3 dB.
Keywords: Circularly Polarized; Microstrip Antenna.

[1] Balanis, C.A, 2005, Antenna theory, analysis and Design, Wiley, USA
[2] Kumar, Girish, Ray,KP, 2008, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, UK
[3] Joseph,R ,Fukusako, T, Circularly Polarized Broadband Antenna with Circular Slot on Circular Ground-Plane, 2012, Progress in Electromagnetics Research
[4] Kim, Cheolbok, Ultra-Wideband Antenna, 2010, Intech open, p. 19
[5] Mohamed, Eman A.F, Mohamed, Darwish A.E, Design of a circularly Polarized tuning Fork Type UWB patch Antenna, 2008, Arab Academy For Science and Tecnology and Maritime Transport,
[6] Chen, Q, Zheng, H.L, Quan, T, Li, X, Broadband CPW-fed Circularly Polarized Antenna with Equiangular Tapered shaped Feedline for Ultra-Wideband Applications, 2012, Progress in Electromagnetics Research
[7] Bhartia, P, Bahl, Inder, Garg, Ramesh, Ittipiboon, 2001, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, UK
[8] T. Dong and Y.P. Chen, Novel Design of Ultra-Wideband Printed Double-Sleeve Monopole Antenna, 2009, Progress in Electromagnetics Research
[9] Azim, Rezaul, Islam, Mohammad Tariqul, Misran, Norbahiah, Compact Planar Antenna for UWB Applications, 2010,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

Abstract: Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Research Park Abstract: The present invention relates to communication using wireless technology through free band (commonly called citizen band) and licensed band in various establishments in particular, where the wireless technology is employed in the form of a device integrated on any person or on any moving object through radio frequency waves. It is a profound full duplex communication without the use of Satellite or GSM technologies.
Keywords: Base station, Dial pads, Full duplex, Radio Frequency, Transceivers.

[1] Drives and Controls (2000). PLC, phone home.October issue.
[2] Hogan, R. J. (2003). Wireless expansion and enhancements of ICAS.NAVSEA 13th international ship control systems symposium 2003, Orlando, USA
[3] Harman, R., & Clark, D. (2003)."Wireless machinery monitoringsystems for shipboard and power plant applications". NAVSEA 13th international ship control systems symposium 2003, Orlando, USA
[4] Maes, M. Mhoon, D., Currie, D., & Ralston, J. (1999). "Extend your plant network with industrial wireless Ethernet". I&CS, September issue.
[5] Daniel, R. J., Estes, A., Sarkady, A., Welch, T. B., &Whitese, H.(2003). Assessment of radio frequency propagation in naval shipboard environment with Bluetooth applications. NAVSEA 13th international ship control systems symposium 2003, Orlando,USA
[6] Jakes WC. Microwave mobile communication. 2nd ed., New York: IEEE Press; 1994.
[7] Kamio Y, Sampei S, Sasaoka S, Morinaga N. Performance of modulation-level-controlled adaptive-modulation under limited transmission delay time for land mobile communications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE veh technol conf (VTC95), Chicago, Illinois, 1995, p. 221–5.

Abstract: Equalizers are used for compensation of amplitude and phase dispersion which results in the interference of the transmitted signals with one another. In this paper design of an adaptive equalizer has bee presented using least mean square algorithm. The FPGA Implementation of the adaptive equalizer has also been presented.
Keywords:Adaptive Equalization, Field Programmable Gate Array, Fractionally Spaced Equalizer, Least Mean square..

[1]. Adinoyi, S. Al-Semari and A. Zerquine (Jan. 1999) Decision feedback equalisation of coded I-Q QPSK in mobile radio environments. Electron. Lett. , 35:13-14, No.1. [2]. Antoinette Beasley and Arlene Cole-Rhodes (2005) Performance of Adaptive Equalizer for QAM signals. IEEE, Military Communications Conference, 4: 2373 - 2377.
[3]. B. Petersen, D. Falconer (1994) Suppression of adjacent-channel, cochannel and intersymbol interference by equalizers and linear combiners. IEEE Trans on Communication, 42: 3109-3118.
[4]. B.P.Lathi (1998) Modern Digital and Analog Communications system. Third edition. USA: Oxford University Press.
[5]. D. N. Godard (Nov. 1980) Self-recovering equalization and Carrier Tracking in Two-dimensional Data communications Systems. IEEE Trans. Communication, COM-28(11):1867-1875.
[6]. J.R. Treichler, I. Fijalkow, and C.R. Johnson, JR. (1996) Fractionally Spaced Equalizers. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 13(3):65-81.
[7]. Kevin Banovic, Mohammed A.S., Khalid Esam and Abdel-Raheem (2007) FPGA Implementation of a Configurable Complex Blind Adaptive Equalizer. IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 150-153.
[8]. R.D. Gitlin and S. B.Weinstein (February 1981) Fractionally-Spaced Equalization an improved digital transversal Equalizer. Bell Syst. Tech. J., 60 (2):275-296.
[9]. S. U. H. Qureshi (1985) Adaptive equalization. Proceedings of the IEEE, 73(9):1349-1387.
[10]. Vladimir D. Orlic and Miroslav Lutovac (2009) A solution for efficient reduction of intersymbol interference in digital microwave radio. TELSIKS, 15(2):463-464.

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a heart beat monitor system based on a microcontroller. The paper explains how a single-chip microcontroller can be used to analyze heart beat rate in real-time. In addition, it allows doctors to get the heart beat and location of the patient by GSM every twenty four hours. It can also be used to control patients or athletic person over a long period. The system reads stores and analyses the heart beat repetitively in real-time. The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size.
Keywords: Microsystems, microcontroller, real-time, heart rate monitoring, GSM, GPS.

[1] Adams, T. D., Yanowitz, F. G., Fisher, A. G., Ridges, J. D., Lovell, K. and Pryor, T. A., 1981, ҅Noninvasive Evaluation of Exercise Training in College-Age Men ҅ Circulation 64: 958-965.

[2] Blair, S.N., Goodyear, N. N., Gibbons, L. W. and Cooper, K. H., 1984, ҅ Physical Fitness and Incidence of Hypertension in Healthy Normotensive Men and Women ҅ JAMA 252:

[3] Daniel HE ,(DEC2005) ҅Sim 300 AT command set user manual҅, Simcom ltd.

[4] Dogan Ibrahim, KadriBuruncuk, ҅heart rate measurement from the finger using a low cost microcontroller҅, Near EastUniversity, Faculty Of Engineering, TRNC.

[5] Jean-Marie Zogg( march 2002),GPS basis, u-bloxZuercherstrasse.

[6] M.J. Burke, M.V. Whelan,҅ The Accuracy and Reliability of commercial heart ratemonitor ҅ Vol. 21, No. 1, March 1987, pp. 29-32.

[7] MichaeleJ.Pont (2002) Embedded C, Pearson education ltd.

[8] Mohamed Fezari, MounirBousbia-Salah,and MouldiBedda, ҅Microcontroller Based Heart Rate Monitor ҅ ,The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4, October 2008.

[9] www.google.com/GoogleEarth/download.

[10] www.progin.com/product/mr-87/product Specification

Abstract: Sensor networks are strong proposal in almost every wireless application. Secure and reliable communication without expense of throughput is always a key concerned. Although trust based cost efficient scheme have already employed but use of same congested route leads to degradation of quality of service due to frequent usage of trusted congested route. Our research work is based on a fact that high energy node are always stable and less prone to congestion because of their less usability in routing path. Propose article presents applicability of energy level on cost efficient trusted neighbors to select high energy nodes to construct less congested route for data transmission to provide throughput enhancement and improving quality of service along with secure communication.
Keywords: QoS, Sensor network, Throughput.

[1] Pooja Kalidas Shinde, Veeresh Gangappa Kasabegoudar "Energy efficient and trust metric based routing technique using collection tree protocol for WSNs" International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks, 2013; 1(5): 61-68 Published online September 30, 2013.
[2] Theodore S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles and Practices (2nd edition)," Prentice Hall, 2002
[3] Sridhar Subramaniana, Baskaran Ramachandran "Trust Based Scheme for QoS Assurance in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks"
[4] Guoxing Zhan, Weisong Shi, and Julia Deng "TARF: A Trust-Aware Routing Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks"
[5] Rajiv K. Nekkanti, Chung-wei Lee "Trust Based Adaptive On Demand Ad Hoc Routing Protocol".

Abstract: Multi band H shaped MSA is presented here. This antenna is suitable for DCS, WiMAX and WLAN application. FR-4 epoxy substrate is used on which H shaped slot is cut by etching technique. This structure radiates for DCS (1.71-1.88) GHz, low band WiMAX (2.50-2.69) GHz and WLAN (5.15-5.35) GHz. The return loss obtained at 1.8268 GHz, 2.6352 GHz and 5.2840 GHz are -38.62 dB, -50.62 dB and -19.48 dB respectively. It is obtained that the designed antenna offers enhanced value of S11 and VSWR less than 1.24. Ansoft HFSS v11 is used for simulation of this patch antenna.
Keywords: MSA, Multi band, Patch antenna, DCS, WiMAX, WLAN, Return loss, VSWR and HFSS..

[1] C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory: Analysis and design. Third Edition, New York: Wiley, 2005.
[2] Esin Chang, S Long, W.F. Richards, "An experimental investigation of electrically thick rectangular microstrip antenna" Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.34, no.6, pp.767, 772, June1986.

[3] Yeap Siew-Bee, Chen Zhi Ning, "Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain by Partial Substrate Removal," Antenna and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.58, no.9, pp.2811, 2816, Sept.2010.

[4] Wong Kin-Lu, Tung Hao-Chun, ChiouTzungWern, "Broadband dual-polarized aperture-coupled patch antennas with modified H-shaped coupling slots," Antenna and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.50, no.2, pp.188, 191, Feb 2002.

[5] O. Izadi Hoseini, M. Mehrparvar, "A compact microstrip slot antenna with novel E-shaped coupling aperture," 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), 2010, pp. 110-114, 2010.

[6] S.K. Padhi, Sr N.C. Karmaker, C. L. Law, Sr. S. Adiya, "A dual polarized aperture circular patch antenna using a C-shaped coupling slot," Antenna and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.51, no.12, pp.3295,3298, Dec.2003.

[7] Y.X. Guo, K.M. Luk, K. F. Lee, Y.L. Chow, "Double U-slot rectangular patch antenna," Electronics Letters, vol.34, no.19, pp.1805,1806, 17 Sep 1998
[8] W. Afzal, U. Rafique, M.M. Ahmed, M.A. Khan, F.A. Mughal, "A tri band H-shaped microstrip patch antenna for DCS and WLAN applications," 19th International Conference on Microwave Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON Warsaw, Poland), 2012, vol.1, no., pp.256,258, 21-23 May 2012

Abstract: Now a day's experiments/labs remote access via virtual instrumentation concept is very much appreciated due to time saving, without experimental set-up availability and remotely accessed. I have created remote access for my experimental set-up (MIMO water level control system in LABVIEW environment) with the help of SCCT (Smartphone & Cross-platform Communication Toolkit) platform on LABVIEW software. It's fully automatic and can be accessed and controlled by subscriber any time anywhere.
Keywords: Control system, Coupled Tank, LabVIEW, MIMO, SCCT etc.

[1] Vishal Vasistha, " PID output fuzzified water level control in MIMO coupled tank system", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 4, July - August (2013), pp. 138-153 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp, Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.7731 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
[2] http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/210042 - SCCT Kit from NI [3] www.daq-software.com/downloads/.../SCCT%20User%20Manual.pdf - SSCT tool kit user manual
[4] Muhammad Rehan, Fatima Tahir, Naeem Iqbal and Ghulam.," Modelling, Simulation and Decentralized Control of a Nonlinear Coupled Tank System", Department of Electrical Engineering, PIEAS, Second International Conference on Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (Pakistan), 25-26 March 2008
[5] M. Khalid Khan, Sarah K. Spurgeon, " Robust MIMO water level control in interconnected twin-tanks using second order sliding mode control", Control and Instrumentation Group, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK, 10 February 2005
[6] Qiang Xiong a, Wen-Jian Cai a, b,*, Mao-Jun He a, Equivalent transfer function method for PI/PID controller design of MIMO processes, Aug 28, 2012.

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication due to diabetes mellitus that affects the retina .The blindness due to DR can be prevented if detected early enough for treatment.Hence screening for early stage of DR is very important. An ophthalmologist uses an ophthalmoscope to visualize the blood vessels and his or her brain to detect the DR stages. The above pathology-based method is time consuming and often requires fluorescein angiograms for accurate diagnosis. It requires highly trained and skilled clinicians to perform the DR severity grading method. In this paper we have proposed a low cost retinal diagnosis system which can aid an ophthalmologist to quickly diagnose various stages of diabetic retinopathies.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy ,diagnosis Ophthalmologist,fluorescein angiograms.

[1] Vesna Zeljković, Milena Bojic, Claude Tameze, Ventzeslav Valev "Classification Algorithm of Retina Images of Diabetic Patients Based on Exudates Detection"IEEE, 2012.
[2] Anantha Vidya Sagar, S.Balasubramaniam, V.Chandrasekaran, " A Novel Integrated Approach using Dynamic Thresholding and Edge Detection (IDTED) for Automatic Detection of Exudates in Digital Fundus Retinal Images",IEEE 2007.
[3] Thomas Walter_, Jean-Claude Klein, Pascale Massin, and Ali Erginay, " A Contribution of Image Processing to the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy-Detection of Exudates in Color Fundus Images of the Human Retina",IEEE2002
[4] Akara Sopharaka, Bunyarit Uyyanonvara, Sarah Barman, " Automatic Exudate Detection for Diabetic retinopathy screening", ScienceAsia 35 (2009)
[5] S. Saheb Basha, Dr. K. Satya Prasad, " Automatic Detection of Hard Exudates in Diabetic retinopathy using Morphological Segmentation and Fuzzy Logic", IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.12, December 2008
[6] Anitha Somasundaram and Janardhana Prabhu, " Detection of Exudates for the Diagnosis of Diabetic retinopathy" 2013 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals
[7] Oliver Faust & Rajendra Acharya U. & E. Y. K. Ng . Kwan-Hoong Ng & Jasjit S. Suri, " Algorithms for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Digital Fundus Images: A Review" Springer ,April 2010
[8] Arulmozhivarman Pachiyappan, Undurti N Das, Tatavarti VSP Murthy and Rao Tatavarti "Automated diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma using fundus and OCT images "Lipids in Health and Disease, 2012.

Abstract: The objective of this work is to determine the ability of methods that are used for iris recognition. Because of unique characteristics of iris recognition have mesmerize more attention of researchers, which make iris identification system development rapidly. In whole process of iris identification various methods are available. Since the techniques which we are considering is the first step of iris image processing, the accuracy and quality of location will directly affect the ultimate results of iris recognition. This paper will summarize the ideas of the existed iris techniques; finally, there is a discussion on some of the challenges encountered by better techniques when operating in a real-world environment and some of the methods used to address these challenges.
Keywords: Biometrics, Iris Recognition, Haar Transform, PCA, LDA, LPCC, Gabor filter bank.

[1] M Wood, N.M. Orlans, and P.T. Higgins, Biometrics, The McGraw-hill company, Berkeley, California, 2002.
[2] Kronfeld, Gross Antomy and Embryology of the Eye, The Eye,a;0 Academic Press, London, 1962.
[3] John G. Daugman, "High Confidence Visual Recognition of Persons by a Test of Statistical Independence", IEEE Trans. On 40 L Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 15(11), pp. 1148-30 I 1161, 1993,
[4] Boles, W.W. and Boashash, B., "A Human Identification Technique Using Images of the Iris and Wavelet Transform", IEEE Trans Signal Processing, 46(4), pp. 1185-1188, 1998.
[5] Li Ma, T. Tan, "Personal Identification Based on Iris Texture Analysis", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. Vol.25, NO.12, 2003
[6] S. Lim, K. Leei, 0. Byeon, and T. Kim, "Efficient Iris Recognition through Improvement of Feature Vector and Classifier", ETRI J. vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 61-70, 2001
[7] Mohammed, Ashfaq Ahmed, Presentation on iris recognition.
[8] Byung Jun Kang and Kang Ryoung Park, "Real Time Image restoration for Iris Recognition System", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS—PART B: CYBERNETICS, VOL. 37, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2007
[9] Shashi Kumar D R1, K B Raja2, R. K Chhootaray3, Sabyasachi Pattnaik, "PCA based Iris Recognition using DWT ", IJCTA | JULY-AUGUST 2011
[10] Md. Anwar Hussain, "Eigenspace Based Accurate Iris Recognition System", #Department of ECE, NERIST (Deemed University) Arunachal Pradesh, India. 2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON).

Abstract: A Microstrip loop resonator sensor designed to determine the dielectric constant of a liquid is proposed. The resonator sensor designed for 1GHZ for different structure of loop is described. The sensor is implemented using planar microstrip technology. A dielectric material is placed above microstrip ring resonator. As a consequence the near field of the resonator interacts with the material under test (MUT) and the electrical characteristics of the resonator change in relation to the permittivity of the material. The proposed models are extremely compact and experimentally verified by the measurements for liquid sample. A vector network analyzer is used to measure the shift in resonant frequency and the corresponding amplitude of the transmission parameter for the fundamental mode. The design procedure is described and experimental results are reported validating the sensor performance.
Keywords: Frequency shift, Moisture Content, Permittivity, Resonator sensor.

[1] Nyfors and P. Vainikainen, Industrial Microwave Sensors.Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1989.
[2] R. J. King, ―Microwave sensors for process control—Part I: Transmission sensors,‖ Sensors, pp. 68–74, September 1992.
[3] M. Kent, ―The use of strip-line configuration in microwave moisture Measurement,‖ J. Microw. Power, vol. 7, pp. 185–193, 1972.
[4] W. S. Holmes, S. G. Riley, and A. D. Green, ―In-kiln moisture content measurement of timber using a waveguide aperture array,‖ in Proc. IMPISymp., Boston, MA, 1996.
[5] W. S. Holmes and S. G. Riley, ―Microwave method for In-kiln moisture content measurement,‖ in Proc. IUFRO Wood Drying Conf., Quebec,PQ, Canada, August 1996.
[6] ‗Sensors' IEE proc.135,pt.H, No.3(1988)187-195
[7] K.Joshi,R.D.Pollard,‖Microstrip resonator technique for non-destructive complex permittivity / moisture measurement‖.proc .IEEE MTT/International microwave symposium. Vol.14,issue June 1999.pg1863-1866.
[8] K.Fidanboylu, S.M. Riad, and A. Elshabini-Riad, ―A new time-domain approach for determining the complex permittivity using stripline geometry,‖ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 39, no. 6, pp.940–944,Dec. 1990.
[9] A.K.Verma,Nasimuddin ,A.S.Omar ―Microstrip resonator sensors for determination of complex permittivity of material in sheet, liquid and paste forms‖,IEEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.152, no.1, Feb. 2005
[10] Gianvittorio, J. P. andY. Rahmat-Samii, ―Fractal antennas: A novel antenna miniaturization technique, and applications,‖ IEEE Antennas Propagation Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 1, 20–36, 2002.

Abstract: This paper presents the design of State Feedback Controller to implement it at Coupled Two Tank Liquid Level System. The liquid level in the coupled tank is controlled by using feedback as required and also to understand the habit and effectiveness of Integral Control State Feedback Controller. The design was implemented using second order system in the coupled tank. The State Feedback Controller is designed using Ackermann's formula based on pole placement method. The Ackermann's method, besides being useful for single-input systems, may also find application to control a multi-input system through a single input. A state feedback control is linear combinations of state variables. State feedback focuses on time-domain features of the system responses. The necessary and sufficient condition to be satisfied by the system for arbitrary pole placement is the system be completely state controllable.
Keywords: Integral control State feedback controller, Ackermann's formula, Coupled two tank liquid level system, Pole Placement technique.

[1] Albert.G, Beth.T, Horodecki.M, Horodecki.P, Horodecki.R, Rotteler (2000) Lecture notes.
[2] Astrom K.J and Wittenmark (1997) Computer-controlled systems. Prentice Hall.
[3] Bainov.D.D and. Simeonov P.S (1989) Systems with impulse effect: stability, theory and applications. Ellis Horwood Limited.
[4] Figueiredo.A, Gleria, and Rocha (2000) Boundedness of solutions and Lyapunov functions in quasi-polynomial systems. Physics
Letters A, 268:335–341.
[5] Findeisen.F,. Imsland.L,. Allgover.F, and Foss (2005) State and output feedback nonlinear model predictive control: An overview.
European Journal of Control, 9:No. 2–3.
[6] Gahinet.P, Nemirovski.A, Laub, and Chilali (1995) LMI Control Toolbox Users Guide. The MathWorks, Inc.
[7] Gleria.I.M, Figueiredo.A, and Rocha Filho (2003) A numerical method for the stability analysis of quasi-polynomial vector fields.
Nonlinear Analysis, 52:329–342.
[8] Hangos.K.M, Bokor.J, and Szederkenyi (2004) Analysis and Control of nonlinear Process Systems. Springer-Verlag.
[9] Hangos.K.M and Cameron.I.T (2001) Process modelling and model analysis. Academic Press, London.
[10] Helstrom.C.W (1976) Quantum decision and estimation theory. Academic Press, New York.

Abstract: Remote data access and machine to machine communication are some of the value added services made possible by the GSM communication technology. With this service, automated access to records, information and updates can be achieved by the use of the GSM short message system (SMS) queries. This work presents the development of a remote access platform for remote access to a database. The system utilizes the GSM-SMS technology and an interactive voice recorder system to access data. The database contains students result, financial status and information on the number of exeats taken. This data is accessed by calling dedicated phone number and following the voice prompt voice prompt, the user is able to access the desired information from the database. Once the required data is accessed, the GSM module transmits this query result back to the caller in SMS format. The system provides a cost effective channel for accessing data from remote databases.
Keywords: Data Access, Database, Interactive Voice Recorder, GSM, SMS.

[1] Steenderen, M.V. (2002), "Business application of WAP", The Electronic Library, Vol.20 No.3, pp. 215-23.
[2] http://ferl.becta.org.uk/display.cfm[Online] Mayer, I. (2002), "Using text messaging to improve student organization and motivation"
[3] http://www.gsmworld.com/technology/sms/index.html [Online] GSM Association "SMS (Short Message Service)"
[4] GSM Association (July 2000) "What is SMS?"[Online] Available at:http://www.gsmworld.com/Technology/sms/intro.html
[5] IEC Online Education,"Wireless Short Message Service(SMS)",[Online] Available at: http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wire_sms
[6] Zapf F., "Telephone-controlled switch", Elekton Electronics, pp 58-65, Jan 1994.
[7] Mitel, "MT8870 Integrated DTMF Receiver", MITEL telephone, Chapter 4, pp 11-21, Aug 1996.
[8] Tocci R.J, "Digital System, Principles and Applications", Prentice Hall, 2001.
[9] Lenk J.D., "Complete guide to Telephone Equipment"", 1999.