iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: Correct prediction of path loss is a pivotal step of WiMax network planning to estimate external interference level and cell radius accurately. In this paper, different path loss models are optimize depending on various parameters like frequency, height of receiver antenna, distance between transmitter and receiver etc. For optimization purpose we are using COST 231 Hata model, COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model, ECC-33 model and Free Space Path Loss models are used in three different environments (Urban, Suburban and Rural environments). After analyzing the results, it is found that no single model is suited or recommended for all types of propagation environments at 4.5 GHz frequency band.
Keywords: Cost231-extensiion to Hata model, Cost 231 W-I Model, ECC-33 model, Path loss, WiMax.

[1] R. K. Crane, (1980) September, "Prediction of Attenuation by Rain", IEEE Transactions on Communication, vol. COM-28, pp. 1727-1732.
[2] E. Athanasiadou, A. R. Nix and L. P. MeGeehan, (2000) March, "A Microcellular Ray Tracing Propagation Model and Evaluation of its Narrowband and Wideband Predictions", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 18, pp. 322-355.
[3] H. R. Anderson, (2003). "Fixed Broadband Wireless System Design: The Creation of Global Mobile Communications", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY,
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[5] V. Erceg, K. V. S. Hari, M. S. Smith, D. S. Baum, K. P. Sheikh, C. Tappenden, J. M. Costa, C. Bushue, A. Sarajedini, R. Schwartz, D. Branlund, T. Kaitz and D. Trinkwon, (2001) July ,"Channel Models for Fixed Wireless Applications", IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group.
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[8] Electronic Communication Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration (CEPT), (2003) May, "The Analysis of the Coexistence of FWA Cells in the 3.4-3.8 GHz Band", Tech. Rep., ECC Report 33.
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[10] IEEE Standard 802.16-2004, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, (2004),"Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems".

Abstract: This paper gives information to build a miniature for bottling plant. To accomplish we have applied knowledge of PLC and SCADA. A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. Supervisory control and data acquisition refers to centralized systems which monitor and control entire sites. A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is used for controlling the speed of electric motor by controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor. A fully automized bottling plant was made and the required efforts to achieve high efficiency and energy saving along with speed control was achieved.

[1] G. Kaplan, "Technology 1992. Industrial electronics, IEEE Spect, vol.29, pp. 47–48, Jan. 1992.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Intelligent Secure Traffic Management System Based On Vanet
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Abinaya E., Sekar R.
	:	10.9790/2834-09121527

Abstract: In this paper, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is used to collect and aggregate real-time speed and position information on individual vehicles to optimize signal control at traffic intersections.First formulate the vehicular traffic signal control problem as a job scheduling problem on processors ,with jobs corresponding to platoons of vehicles. Under the assumption that all jobs are equal size, By using an online algorithm,which referred to as the oldest job first (OJF) algorithm ,to minimize the delay across the intersection. The OJF algorithm is 2-competitive ,implying that the delay is less than or equal to twice the delay of an optimal offline schedule with perfect knowledge of the arrivals .It show that ,how a VANET is used to group vehicles into approximately equal-sized platoons ,which can then be scheduled using OJF .The two-phase approach are used ,where first approach is to group the vehicular traffic into platoons and then apply the OJF algorithm ,i.e.,the oldest arrival first (OAF) algorithm .Our simulation(NS2) results shows that ,under light and medium traffic loads ,the OAF algorithm reduce the delay experienced by vehicles as they pass through the intersection ,as compared with vehicle-actuated methods ,Webster's method ,and pre-timed signal control methods .Under heavy vehicular traffic load ,the OAF algorithm performs the same as the vehicle-actuated traffic method but still produces the lowest delay ,as when compared with Webster's method and the pre-timed signal control method.

Keywords: Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), Traffic signal control, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) simulation, vehicle-actuated traffic signal control.

[1] Vanet Based Traffic Management System Development And Testing Using Aodv Routing Protocol,PATIL V.P.Smt. Indira Gandhi college of Engineering, New Mumbai, INDIA, IJCER,sep2012
[2] Velocity Measurement and Traffic monitoring Using GSM Passive Radar Demonstrator, P. Krysik, P. Samczynski, M. Malanowski, L . Maslikowski, K. S. Kulpa,Warsaw University o/ Technology,IEEE oct 2012
[3] Adaptive Traffic Lights Using Car-to-Car Communication, Victor Gradinescu, Cristian Gorgorin,Raluca Diaconescu, Valentin Cristea "Politehnica" University Bucharest Computer Science Department,IEEE
[4] Vanet Based Traffic Management System Development And Testing Using Aodv Routing Protocol. PATIL V.P.Smt. Indira Gandhi college of Engineering, New Mumbai, INDIA, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) ,sep 2012
[5] Intelligent Traffic System for VANET: A Survey Ganesh S. Khekare1, Apeksha V. Sakhare2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering,G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering,Nagpur, India, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) ,dec 2012
[6] A VANET-based Emergency Vehicle Warning System Andreas Buchenscheit, Florian Schaub, Frank Kargl, and Michael Weber Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University,Germany,IEEE2009
[7] An Ultra-Wide Band Based Ad Hoc Networking Scheme for Personnel Tracking in Emergencies, Liang Xia, Anthony Lo, Ignas Niemegeers Department of Telecommunications Delft University of Technology Delft, theNetherlands,EUROPCOMproject.
[8] An Intelligent Secure and Privacy-Preserving Parking Scheme Through Vehicular Communications ,Rongxing Lu, Student Member, IEEE, Xiaodong Lin, Member, IEEE, Haojin Zhu, Member, IEEE, and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen, Fellow,IEEE,july2010
[9] Performance Modeling of Safety Messages Broadcast in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,Mehdi Khabazian, Member, IEEE, Sonia Aïssa, Senior Member, IEEE, and MustafaMehmet-Ali,Member,IEEE,march2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Synthesis and Design of Narrow-Band Micrwave Lossy Filter Based on Microstrip Technology
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Akbar Kabirsalmani, Majid Tayarani, Farrokh Hojjat-Kashani
	:	10.9790/2834-09122832

Abstract: Lossy synthesis techniques allow filters consisting resonators with finite quality factor (Q) to be synthesized and designed while preserving prescribed in-band flatness. It is achieved at the expense of an overall constant additional insertion loss. As microstrip resonators generally suffer from low quality factor, using lossy synthesis techniques can be a good approach to design high performance narrow-band microstrip filters. In this paper, a lossy 3rd order Chebyshev filter with 5% fractional bandwidth, based on microstrip technology is synthesized and designed. The filter is centered at 2.6 GHz with the lossless return loss of 20 dB and a loss factor of 3.5 dB. At first, the complex coupling matrix corresponding to the filter characteristic is synthesized. Then, it is transformed into a realizable form using trigonometric rotations. Afterwards, hyperbolic rotations are employed to evenly distribute the loss among resonators. The synthesized filter network is implemented using hairpin resonators with the Q of 180. The simulation and optimization process is performed using a full-wave electromagnetic simulator (HFSS). Experimental evaluations illustrate that there is a reasonably good agreement between simulated and measured results.

Keywords: coupling matrix; lossy filters; matrix rotation; microstrip filters.

[1] I.C. Hunter, Theory and design of microwave filters (The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2001).
[2] B.S. Senior, I.C. Hunter, and J.D. Rhodes, Synthesis of lossy filters, Microwave Conference, 2002. 32nd European, 23-26 Sept. 2002, 2002; pp 1-4.
[3] A.C. Guyette, I.C. Hunter, and R.D. Pollard, A new class of selective filters using low-q components suitable for mmic implementation, Microwave Symposium Digest, 2004 IEEE MTT-S International, 6-11 June 2004, 2004; pp 1959-1962 Vol.1953.
[4] A.C. Guyette, I.C. Hunter, and R.D. Pollard, , The design of microwave bandpass filters using resonators with nonuniform Q. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 2006, 54, 3914-3922.
[5] V. Miraftab and Y. Ming, Generalized lossy microwave filter coupling matrix synthesis and design using mixed technologies. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 2008, 56, 3016-3027.
[6] V. Miraftab and Y. Ming, Advanced coupling matrix and admittance function synthesis techniques for dissipative microwave filters. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 2009, 57, 2429-2438.
[7] M. Oldoni, G. Macchiarella, G.G. Gentili, and C. Ernst, A new approach to the synthesis of microwave lossy filters. Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 2010, 58, 1222-1229.
[8] R.J. Cameron, R. Mansour, and C.M. Kudsia, Microwave filters for communication systems. Wiley: 2007; p 804.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Facial Age Group Classification
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jignesh Prajapati, Ankit Patel, Punit Raninga
	:	10.9790/2834-09123339

Abstract: Estimating human age group automatically via facial image analysis has lots of potential real-world applications, such as human computer interaction and multimedia communication. However, It is still a challenging problem for the existing computer vision systems to automatically and effectively estimate human age group. The aging process is determined by not only the person's gene, but also many external factors, such as health, living style, living location, and weather conditions. Males and females may also age differently. An age group classification system for facial images is proposed in this paper. Five age groups including babies, children, young adults, middle-aged adults, and old adults, are used in the classification system. The process of the system is divided into threephases: location, feature extraction, and age classification. Geometric features are used to distinguish whether the face is baby or child. Wrinkle features are used to classify the image into one of three adult groups- young adults, middle-aged adults, and old adults.

Key Words: Age Classification, Facial Feature Extraction.

[1]. Yun Fu, Thomas S. Huang, "Age Synthesis and Estimation via Faces: A Survey"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, November 2010
[2]. Sarah N. Kohail, "Using Artificial Neural Network for Human Age Estimation Based on Facial Images" 2012 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology, 2012@IEEE.
[3]. AlirezaKeshavarzChoobeh "Improving Automatic Age Estimation Algorithms using an Efficient Ensemble Technique" International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing,April 2012@IEEE.
[4]. Li liu, Jianminng Liu, Jan cheng. "Age-Group classification of facial image"International Journal of Machine Learning and application,2012
[5]. Petra GRD, "Introduction to human age estimationusing face images", faculty of materials science and technology in trnavaslovak university of technology in Bratislava,2013.
[6]. The FG-NET Aging Database, http://www.fgnet.rsunit.com.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Verilog Implementation of 32 Point FFT Using Radix-2 Algorithm on FPGA Technology
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kasina Madhusudhana Rao, V. Ravi Tejesvi, G. Anantha Rao
	:	10.9790/2834-09124043

Abstract: Here the transformation related to the fast Fourier strategy mainly used in the field oriented well effective operations of the strategy elated to the scenario of the design oriented fashion in its implementation related to the well efficient strategy of the processing of the signal in the digital domain plays a crucial role in its analysis point of view in well oriented fashion respectively. It can also be applicable for the processing of the images and there is a crucial in its analysis in terms of the pixel wise process takes place in the system in well effective manner respectively. There is a vast number of the applications oriented strategy takes place in the system in w ell effective manner in the system based implementation followed by the well efficient analysis point of view in well stipulated fashion of the transformation related to the fast Fourier strategy plays a crucial role and some of them includes analysis of the signal, Filtering of the sound and also the compression of the data equations of the partial differential strategy plays a major role and the responsibility in its implementation scenario in a well oriented fashion respectively.

Key Words: FFT, DIT, DIF, DFT, Radix-2, 4, 8, VHDL, FPGA.

[1] Ahmed Saeed, M. Elbably, G. Abdelfadeel, and M. I. Eladawy, "Efficient FPGA implementation of FFT/IFFT Processor",
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 3, Volume 3, 2009
[2] Hardware Description Language. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_description_language
[3] Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language.URL: ttp://electrosofts.com/vhdl/.
[4] Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer with John R. Buck, DiscreteTime Signal Processing, Second Edition
[5] B. Parhami, Computer Arithmetic, Algorithms and Hardware Designs, 1999
[6] James W. Cooley and John W. Tukey, An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier Series.
[7] Peter J. Ashenden, The Designer's Guide to VHDL, Second Edition.
[8] N. Weste, M. Bickerstaff, T. Arivoli, P.J. Ryan, J. W. Dalton, D.J.Skellern", and T.M. Percivalt A 50Mhz 16Point-FFT processor
for WLAN applications.
[9] Saad Bouguezel, M. Omair Ahmad,"IMPROVED RADIX-4 AND RADIX-8 FFT ALGORITHMS"IEEE. Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal, P.Q., Canada.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Energy Efficient MAC Protocol & Radio Energy Model for AODV & Bellman Ford Routing Protocol
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manish Uzzwal, Rajan Sharma
	:	10.9790/2834-09124450

Abstract: Sensor Network devices have limited battery resources consumed by radio communication. Power saving is a critical issue for network devices. This paper is subjected to Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) & Bellman Ford Routing protocol performance with IEEE 802.11 & IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol in random topology for 50 nodes & evaluated its performance. We investigated the energy consumption in transmit mode, receive mode, idle mode & residual battery by changing the MAC Protocol & Radio Energy Model through QualNet 6.1.The main interest of this paper is to identify the energy efficient Radio Energy Model & MAC Protocol.

Key Words: AODV, Bellman Ford, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4, MAC Protocol, QualNet 6.1, Radio Energy Model.

[1] Xu, Y., Hendemann, J., & Estrin, D. (2000). "Adaptive energy- conserving routing for multihop ad hoc networks". Technical report TR-2000-527, USC/Information Sciences Institute.
[2] I. Demirkol, C. Ersoy, F. Alagoz, "MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey", accepted by IEEE Communications, 2005.
[3] V.K.Taksande and Dr.K.D.Kulat, "An Extensive Simulation Analysis of AODV Protocol with IEEE 802.11 MAC for Chain Topology in MANET", International Journal of Internet Computing, Volume-I, Issue-1, 2011.
[4] Deepti Gupta and Ajay K Sharma , "On Performance Evaluation of WSN Routing Protocols for MICA and MICAz using Different Radio Models", International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications Vol. 2, Issue 4, November, 2011.

[5] Mario Di Francesco , Giuseppe Anastasi , Marco Conti , Sajal K .Das and Vincenzo Neri , "Reliability and Energy-efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Sensor Networks: An Adaptive and Cross-layer Approach", Ieee Journal On Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 29, No. 8, September 2011.
[6] IEEE 802.11 – Wireless LAN media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. 1999
[7] Rafidah Ahmed, Othman Sidek and Shukri Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd. (2009), "Development of CRC Block on FPGA for Zigbee Standards," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, CEDEC Engineering Campus, Malaysia, 2009
[8] P Mohana, S Radha (2009), "Realization of MAC Layer Functions of ZigBee Protocol Stack in FPGA", International Conference on "Control Automation, Communication and energy conservation -2009", 4th-6th, June 2009
[9] Luke Klein – Bamdt- Wireless Communication Technology group –A Quick Guide To AODV http://w3.antd.nist.gov/wctg/aodv_kernel/aodv_guide.pdf
[10] A.Boomarani Malany ,V.R.Sarma ,Dhulipala and RM.Chandrasekaran , "Throughput and Delay Comparison of MANET Routing Protocols", Int. J. Open Problems Compt. Math., Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2009.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Compact CP Feed Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vivek Singh Rathor, J. P. Saini
	:	10.9790/2834-09125458

Abstract: This paper presents a very small size microstrip patch antenna Suitable for WLAN and Wi MAX application. The radiating element of the proposed antenna consists of Kite symbol patch using dielectric substrate 4.2, loss tangent .0012 and having the same substrate height 1.6mm.The compact size antenna of dimension(14m x 18.6mm x 1.6mm)employed single layer coaxial probe feed. The computer simulation results show that the antenna can realize wide band characteristics. Proposed antenna covers 3.189GHZ – 4.601GHZ achieving 36.2% of impedance bandwidth in one band and other band ranges from 4.655GHZ-8.29GHZ (impedance bandwidth of 56.165%).

Key Words: Microstrip antenna, wide band, kite shape, IE3D.

[1] M. Abbaspour and H. R. Hassani "Wideband star-shaped microstrip patch antenna" Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 1, 61–68, 2008
[2] W. Ren "Compact dual-band slot antenna for 2.4/5ghz wlan applications" Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 8, 319–327, 2008
[3] M. T. Islam,M. N. Shakib and N. Misran "Design analysis of high gain wideband L-probe fed microstrip patch antenna" Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 95, 397-407, 2009
[4] S. Maci and G. BifJi Gentili "Dual-Frequency Patch Antennas" IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 39, No. 6, December 1997
[5] ZAAKRI Safa, ZENKOUAR Lahbib "Conception of Bi-band Rectangular Microstrip Array Antenna" Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1, June 2013
[6] Xiaofei Shi, Zhihong Wang, Hua Su, Yun Zhao, "A H-type Microstrip Slot Antenna in Ku-band Using LTCC Technology with Multiple Layer Substrates," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 978-1, pp. 7104 - 7106, 2011.
[7] U. Chakraborty, S. Chatterjee, S. K. Chowdhury, P. P. Sarkar "A compact microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication" Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 18, 211-220, 2011.

[8] H. Sabri and Z. Atlasbaf "Two novel compact triple band microstrip annular-ring slot antenna for PCS-1900 and WLAN applications."Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 5, 87–98, 2008
[9] Ramadan, A., K. Y. Kabalan, A. El-Hajj, S. Khoury, and M. Al-usseini, "A reconfigurable U-Koch microstrip antenna for wireless applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 93, 355-367, 2009.
[10] Kawei Qian and Xiaohong Tang, "Compact LTCC dual-band circularly polarized perturbed hexagonal microstrip antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10 pp. 1212-1215, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Wirless Communication, Monitoring and Security System Embedded Safety Helmet for Real Time Applications
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shivaraman Ilango
	:	10.9790/2834-09125963

Abstract: This paper wireless communication monitoring and security system embedded safety helmet aims at bridging the security problems and communication gap faced by leading research organizations, nuclear power plants, thermal power plants and related industries in times of any hazardous situation, diagnostic works and security breach that will result in the loss of man power and resources. This is a portable instrument with all the features inbuilt in a safety helmet and can eliminate the above mentioned problems building a safe and a secure environment in the near future.

Key Words: Camera, Helmet, NFID, Radio frequency, Wireless communication.

[1]. Semi-automated CCTV surveillance: The effects of system confidence, system accuracy and task complexity on operator vigilance, reliance and workload N. Dadashi , A.W. Stedmon , T.P. Pridmore
[2]. The impact of CCTV on fundame ntal rights and crime prevention strategies: The case of the Catalan Control Commi ssion of Video surveillance Devices Jose´ R. Agustina , Gemma Galdon Clavell ,
[3]. Towards a new generation of CCTV networks: Erosion of data Protection safeguards? Fanny Coudert
[4]. Semi-automated CCTV surveillance: The effects of system confidence, system accuracy and task complexity on operator vigilance, reliance and workload N. Dadashi , A.W. Stedmon , T.P. Pridmore
[5]. RFID Security Prof. Dr. Heiko Knospe University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Prof. Dr. Hartmut Pohl University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Fachbereich Informatik,
[6]. Wireless and Internet communications technologies for monitoring and control Haydn A. Thompson
[7]. Integrated voice and data transmission employing adaptive modulation in wireless networks Rajarshi Mahapatra, Anindya Sundar Dhar, Debasish Datta.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influence of Varying the Optical Wavelength on ISL Performance Recognizing High Bit Rates
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Asmaa Zaki M., Heba A. Fayed, Ahmed Abd El Aziz, Moustafa H. Aly
	:	10.9790/2834-09126470

Abstract: Space communication systems as employed in satellite to satellite links are traditionally performed using microwaves. Since, the future of satellite systems will permit more efficient and more reliable operation these (Inter Satellite Links) ISLs will be optical links. This paper proposes a link model between satellites in free space over Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in order to recognize maximum bit rate. The performance of such a link is affected by various parameters, as in depending on the propagating wavelength. Moreover, the maximum bit rate is calculated and analyzed employing Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and Non Return to Zero (NRZ) modulation at different wavelengths improving the quality of the system.

Key Words: Free Space Optics (FSO); Optical Wireless Communication (OWC); Inters Satellite Link (ISL).

[1] A. H. Hashim, F. D. Mahad, S. M. Idrus, A. Sahmah, M. Supa, and P. T. Centre, Modeling and Performance Study of Inter Satellite Optical Wireless Communication Syste,Vol.64,2010.
[2] F. Heine, H. Kämpfner, and R. Lange, Optical Inter-Satellite Communication Operational,2010, pp. 1583–1587.
[3] K. Shantha lakshmi, M. P. Senthil kumar, and K. V. N. Kavitha, "Inter-satellite laser communication system," 2008 Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Eng., , May 2008., pp. 522–527.
[4] M. K. Al-Akkoumi, A. Harris, R. C. Huck, and J. J. Sluss, Jr., Challenges facing mobile free-space optical communications, vol. 7324, May 2009., pp. 73240L–73240L–11.
[5] B. Barua, Comparison the Performance of Free-Space Optical Communication with OOK and BPSK Modulation under Atmospheric Turbulence, vol. 3, no. 5,2011, pp. 4391–4399.
[6] B. Smutny, R. Lange, H. Kämpfner, D. Dallmann, G. Mühlnikel, M. Reinhardt, K. Saucke, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth, and R. Czichy, In-orbit verification of optical inter-satellite communication links based on homodyne BPSK</title>," vol. 6877, Feb 2008, pp. 687702–687702–6.
[7] J. Takashi, Optical Inter-orbit Communication Experiment between OICETS and ARTEMIS, , 2006, pp. 23–33.
[8] K. Shantha lakshmi, M. P. Senthil kumar, and K. V. N. Kavitha, "Inter-satellite laser communication system, 2008 Int. Conf. Comput. Commun, , May 2008, pp. 522–527.
[9] B. Patnaik and P. K. Sahu, Inter-satellite optical wireless communication system design and simulation, IET Commun., vol. 6, no. 16, , Nov. 2012, pp. 2561–2567.
[10] M. Schemes, Tutorial Note # 5 Modulation Schemes, SHF Communication Technologies AG. Germany.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	High efficient PIFA-L Bend antenna for MIMO based Mobile Handsets
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Priyadarshini B.
	:	10.9790/2834-09127175

Abstract: This prototype is based on designing and analysis of size optimized planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with L bend element, accommodated on a printed circuit board (PCB) for mobile handsets and operating at 2.68GHz.This antenna have a principle advantage of reduce size, low cost manufacturing, high bandwidth utility. Different parametric analysis has been performed with the handset dimension of about 100x40 mm. The antenna design and simulations are done using HFSS.

Key Words: PIFA-L, HFSS, FR4substrate.

[1.] Hottinen, A., O. Tirkkonen, and R. Wichman, Multi-antenna Transceiver Techniques for 3G and Beyond, Wiley, West Sussex, England, 2003.
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[3] 3GPP TS 36.101, V8.3.0, "EUTRA User Equipment Radio Transmission and Reception," September 2008.
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[7] Hien Ba Chu ; Shirai, H. ; Chien Ngoc Dao, "High efficiency small antenna for WLAN application" Publication Year: 2013 , Page(s): 757 – 760.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Implementation of Classification Technique for Mammogram Image
Country	:	India
Authors	:	N. V. Jog, S. R. Mahadik
	:	10.9790/2834-09127678

Abstract: Mammography is an important research field. Mammography Image classification is an area of interest to most of the researchers today. The aim of this paper is to detect the Mammography image for its malignancy. Different methods can be used to detect the malignancy. This paper represents GLDM feature extraction method and SVM classifier. Experiments were conducted on MIAS database. The results show that combination of GLDM feature extractor with SVM classifier is found to give appropriate results.

Key Words: Mammography, image classification, GLDM, SVM.

[1] Majid, E. de Paredes, R. Doherty, N. Sharma, and X. Salvador,"Missed breast carcinoma: Pitfalls and pearls1," Radiographics, vol. 23,no. 4, p. 881, 2003.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design and Implementation of Area Efficient Single Precision Floating Point Unit
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Onkar Singh, Kanika Sharma
	:	10.9790/2834-09127983

Abstract: A floating-point unit (FPU) is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating point numbers. Floating point representation can support a much wider range of values than fixed point representation. This paper presents high speed FPGA implementation of a floating point arithmetic unit which can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division functions on 32-bit operands that use the IEEE 754-2008 standard. The amount of hardware used in the single architecture is found to be less than the sum of hardware required in individual floating point units. All four individual units are implemented using VHDL and than one single unit is designed named floating point unit which can perform all the four operations. The code is dumped into vertex-5 FPGA.

Key Words: Exceptions, Exponent, Floating Point Number, Normalization, Precision, Simulation, Synthesis.

[1] Deepa Saini , Bijender M'dia ―Floating Point Unit Implementation on FPGA‖ International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER), Vol. 2 , pp.972-976, Issue No.3, May-June 2012
[2] Karan Ghmber, Sharmelle Thangjam ―Performance Analysis of Floating Point Adder using VHDL on Reconfigurable Hardware‖ International Journal of Computer Application, Vol.46-No 9, May 2012 [3] Ushasree G, R Dhanabal, Sarat Kumar Sahoo ―Implementation of a High Speed Single Precision Floating Point Unit using Verilog‖ International Journal of Computer Applications National conference on VSLI and Embedded systems, pp.32-36, 2013
[4] Dhiraj Sangwan , Mahesh K. Yadav ―Design and Implementation of Adder/Subtractor and Multiplication Units for Floating-Point Arithmetic‖ International Journal of Electronics Engineering, 2(1), pp. 197-203, 2010
[5] Tarek Ould Bachir, Jean-Pierre David ―Performing Floating-Point Accumulation on a modern FPGA in Single and Double Precision‖ 18th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines, pp.105-108, 2010
[6] Sateesh Reddy, Vinit T Kanojia ―Unified Reconfigurable Floating-Point Pipelined Architecture‖ International Journal of Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, pp. 271 – 275, 2011
[7] Sameh Galal, Mark Horowitz ―Energy-Efficient Floating-Point Unit Design‖ IEEE transactions on computers, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 913-922, July 2011
[8] Rathindra Nath Giri, M.K.Pandit ―Pipelined Floating-Point Arithmetic Unit (FPU) for Advanced Computing Systems using FPGA‖ International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Volume-1, Issue-4, pp. 168-174, April 2012
[9] Shrivastava Purnima, Tiwari Mukesh, Singh Jaikaran and Rathore Sanjay ―VHDL Environment for Floating point Arithmetic Logic Unit - ALU Design and Simulation‖ Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1(2), pp.1-6, August -2012
[10] Hwa-Joon Oh, Silvia M. Mueller, Christian Jacobi, Kevin D. Tran, Scott R. Cottier ―A Fully Pipelined Single-Precision Floating-Point Unit in the Synergistic Processor Element of a CELL Processor‖ IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 759-771, April 2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Robust transmission of Prioritized H.264/AVC Video EMPLOYING Cross-Layer Unequal Error Protection
Country	:	Mauritius
Authors	:	Mussawir Ahmad Hosany1 , Sunil Kumar2, Santosh Nagaraj
	:	10.9790/2834-09128490

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a cross-layer unequal error protection (UEP) scheme, by jointly using unequal-rate convolutional codes (i.e., RCPC codes) and asymmetric 8PSK modulation at the physical layer, for robust transmission of prioritized H.264/AVC video packets over error-prone channels. The H.264/AVC video packets are assigned different priorities based on their contributions to the video quality. To minimize the effect of transmission errors on the reconstructed video quality,

[1]. "Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of joint video specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264/ISO/IEC 14
496-10 AVC," in Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, JVTG050r1, 2003.
[2]. T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjøntegaard, and A. Luthra, "Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard," IEEE Trans. Cir.
Syst. Video Technol., Vol. 13, pp. 560–576, July 2003.
[3]. S. Kumar, L. Xu, M. K. Mandal, and S. Panchanathan, "Error resiliency schemes in H.264/AVC video coding standard," Elsevier
J.Visual Communication and Image Representation (Special issue: Emerging H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard), Vol. 17(2), pp.
425-450, April 2006.
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[5]. A. R. Calderbank and N. Seshadri, "Multilevel codes for unequal error protection," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 39(7), pp. 1234–
1248, July 1993.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Printer control using Mobile
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Narayan N.Dhage, Dr.S.D.Markande
	:	10.9790/2834-09129193

Abstract: The common data printing procedure has to use notebook or desktop computer as a relay medium, first receiving the data from mobile and then sending it to printer using an appropriate printer. This is rather cumbersome. This paper proposes a design of a device which directly print the data stored inside the Mobile without the assistance of a notebook or desktop computer.

Index Terms: Notebook computer, Desktop computer, Printer

[1] Stefan Nowak, Falk-Moritz Schaefer "Towards a Convergent Digital Home Network Infrastructure" IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, pp. 1695-1703, Nov.2011.
[2] Olawuyi J.O. Mgbole Friday, "Technological Convergence" Science Journal of Physics, pp.7237-7242, 2012.
[3] Amarnath M, "Home appliance control using mobile cloud technology" Proceedings of International Conference on Modeling optimisation and computing, pp. 3587-3595, 2012.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Energy Efficient Target Tracking Using Sleep Scheduling Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sam Jenifer.P, Vijayalakshmi.P
	:	10.9790/2834-091294103

Abstract: In the development of various large-scale Wireless Sensor Network systems, a particular challenging problem is how to dynamically organize the sensors network and route sensed information from the field sensors to a target system. A target tracking system is often required to ensure continuous monitoring, there always exist nodes that can detect the target along its trajectory (e.g., with low detection delay or high coverage level). Therefore, the most stringent criterion of target tracking is to track with zero detection delay or 100 percent coverage. Since nodes often run on batteries that are generally difficult to be recharged once deployed, energy efficiency is a critical feature of WSNs for the purpose of extending the network lifetime.The prime motivation of the work proposed to develop a energy efficient target tracking schemes.

[1] Akyildiz .I.F, Su .W, Sankarasubramaniam .Y, and Cayirci.E, (2002) "Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 393-422.
[2] Brownfield .M.I, Mehrjoo.K, Fayez .A.S, and Davis IV .N.J (2006) "Wireless Sensor Network Energy-Adaptive MAC Protocol"IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE CCNC proceedings.
[3] Cao .Q, Yan .T, Stankovic .J, and Abdelzaher .T, (2005) "Analysis of Target Detection Performance for Wireless Sensor Networks," Proc. Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 276-292.
[4] Fuemmeler .J and Veeravalli.V, (2008) "Smart Sleeping Policies for Energy Efficient Tracking in Sensor Networks," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 2091-2101.
[5] Gui.C and Mohapatra.P, (2004) "Power Conservation and Quality of Surveillance in Target Tracking Sensor Networks," Proc. 10th Ann. Int'l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 129-143.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Data harvesting with mobile elements in wireless sensor networks
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shiv Om Tiwari , Sunil kumar Yadav
	:	10.9790/2834-0912104114

Abstract: In Wireless Sensor Networks, mobile elements (MEs) as powered carriers to convey data has been shown to be an actualway of persisting sensor network life time and transmitting information in segregated networks. As the data generation amounts of sensors may vary, some sensors need to be visited more recurrently than others. In this paper, a partitioning-based algorithm is presented that schedules the activities of MEs in a sensor network such that there is no data loss due to buffer excess.

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