IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2014

Abstract: Lots of studies have been done on Gujarati diaspora but not much is done on socio-cultural dimensions of life in host country and its impact in country of origin. Most migrants wanted to permanently settle in England and Canada. Primary cause of immigration and settlement in host country is by economic reasons like economic inconvenience and less employment opportunities with low job securities. However it does not imply their dislike for their tradition, social structure and culture of natal community, which they are still preserving in host countries. Encouraging factor for immigration and settlement of respondents was due to supporting family, kinship and caste networks in host countries. And their (NRGs) status of being successful in country of origin.

[1]. Basu, Aparna, Perspectives on Women, Canada and India, Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1995, Includes bibliographical references. Contributed papers of two seminars, organized by the Centre for Canadian Studies, University of Delhi, 1994.
[2]. Buchignani, Norman; Indra, Doreen Marie; Srivastiva, Ram, Continuous Journey: a Social History of South Asians in Canada, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland and Stewart in association with the Multiculturalism Directorate, Department of Secretary of State and the Canadian Government Pub. Centre, Supply and Services, Canada, 1985.
[3]. Chandrasekhar, S., From India to Canada: a Brief History of Immigration, Problems of Discrimination, Admission and Assimilation, Lajolla, Calif.: Population Review Books, 1986.
[4]. College of William and Mary. Department of Anthropology, Tradition and Transformation: Asian Indians in America, [Williamsburg, Va., U.S.A.]: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1986
[5]. Choondawat P.S, Sharma. A and Chundawat.V.S. (2013) "Socio-Economic background of Gujarati Diapora in Canada: A case study of Baroda City" paper presented at U.G.C organized international seminar on "Indian Diaspora in various perspectives" at S.P.University during 11-12 March 2013
[6]. Das, RajaniKanta, "Hindustani Workers on the Pacific Coast, Berlin: W.de Gruyter& Co., 1923.
[7]. Doshi, Mahendra K.; Verma, Bhupendra K., Who‟s who among Indian Immigrants in North America Directory", New York: Published by B.K.Verma and M.K.Doshi for Who‟s who Among Indian Immigrants in North America, inc., 1976.
[8]. Israel, Milton, The South Asian Diaspora in Canada: Six Essays, Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1987.
[9]. Jensen, Joan M., Passage from India: Asian Indian Immigrants in North America, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
[10]. Johnston, Hugh J.M., The East Indians in Canada, Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association, 1984.

Abstract: The study examined the interrelationships among personality factors, academic emphasis, students-lecturers relationship and academic achievement orientation of Nigerian undergraduates in Southwest Nigeria. Three thousand four hundred and eighty-nine (3489) randomly selected undergraduates took part in the study. Four (4) valid and reliable instruments were used for data collection. These instruments are: The Big Five Inventory by John and Srivastava (1999); Achievement Goals Orientation Scale by Was (2006); Academic Achievement Motivation Scale by Vallerandet al., (1992); and Student-Instructor Relationship Scale by Creasey, Jarvis, &Knapcik (2009). Data analysis involved mean and standard deviation as descriptive statistics and multiple regression statistical analysis as inferential statistics.

Keywords: Personality factors; academic emphasis; students-lecturers relationship; academic achievement orientation; Nigerian undergraduates.

[1] Ackerman, P. L., Bowen, K. R., Beier, M. E., &Kanfer, R. (2001).Determinants of individual differences and genderdifferences in knowledge.Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 797–825.
[2] Adenuga, A &Ayodele, K. (2010). Psychological Dispositions Associated with Adolescents‟ Social Interaction: An Empirical Assessment in Nigeria Context. International Journal of Research in Education, 2(8), 80-88
[3] Adeyemo, D. A., &Torubeli, V.A. (2008). Self-efficacy, self-concept and peers influence as correlates of achievement among secondary school students in transition. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 10-16.
[4] Ajayi, K. O., Lawani, A. O., &Salomi, M. O. (2012).The influences of self-concept and academic motivation on students‟ attitude to Mathematics in selected secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria.European Journal of Scientific Research 67(3), 444-455
[5] Areepattamannil, S., Freeman, J. G., & Klinger, D. A. (2011).Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and academic achievement among Indian adolescents in Canada and India.Social Psychology of Education. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11218-011-9155-1
[6] Becker, M., Mcelvany, N., &Kortenbruck, M. (2010). Intrinsic and extrinsic reading motivation as predictors of reading literacy: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 773–785. doi:10.1037/a0020084
[7] Birch, S. H., Ladd, G. W. (1997).The teacher-child relationship and children‟s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 61-79.
[8] Burchinal, M. R., Peisner-Feinberg, E., Pianta, R. C., Howes, C. (2002). Development of academic skills from preschool through second grade: Family and classroom predictors of developmental trajectories. Journal of School Psychology, 40, 415-436.
[9] Camilus B. B. (2011). Student‟s Personality Characteristics and their Academic Performance in Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools in Uyo Municipality, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Leadership Development, 3, 36-53
[10] Creasey, G.; Jarvis, P.; Knapcik, E. (2009).A measure to assess student-instructor relationships.International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 3(2); 1-10. Retrieved from http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl.

Abstract: This study investigated the relationships of psychological wellbeing, emotional intelligence, and locus of control to the prediction of sexual health behaviour among Nigerian adolescents. It further established the influence of gender, parents' socio-economic factors and family structure on adolescents' sexual health behaviour. Participants were 4,563adolescentsrandomly selected from twenty-four (24) secondary schools in 12 local government areas out of 20 in Ogun State, Nigeria.Measures of biographical data, psychological wellbeing, emotional intelligence, locus of control and sexual behaviourscales were administered on the sample. Correlation matrixand hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Results showed that all the demographic factors(ΔR2 = .04, df(3,4559) = 3.817, p< .05)and psychological wellbeing (ΔR2 = .267, β = .55, df(4,4558) = 7.123, p< .05), emotional intelligence(ΔR2 = .176, β = .37, df(5,4557) = 4.827, p < .05), locus of control(ΔR2 = .176, β = .37, df(6,4557) = 9.229, p < .05)significantly predicted adolescents' sexual health behaviour. Findings suggest the need for the homes to play a significant role in the proper psychosocial development of the child, and must not shy away from educating the child about sexuality (reproductive healthy knowledge).

[1] Adedipe, V. O. (2000). The adolescent problem behaviour (II) Saturday Tribune, October 14th.
[2] Akindele-Oscar, O. B. and Ayodele, K.O. (2004).Undergraduates' knowledge of reproductive health issues and its relationship with their permissive sexual expression.Nigerian Journal of Applied Psychology, 8,1, 240-249.
[3] Ayodele, K.O. (2011). An exploratory study into the sexual behaviour of Nigerian adolescents.Akoka Journal of Education, 5(1), 120-128.
[4] Boone, C., van Olffen, W., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2005). Team locus of control composition and leadership structure information and acquisition, and financial performance: A business study simulation. Academy ofManagement Journal, 48(5), 889-909.
[5] Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y. C. &Bajgar, J. (2001).Measuring emotional intelligence in adolescents.Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1105–1119.
[6] Carrim, N. M. H., Basson, J., & Coetzee, M. (2006).The relationship between job satisfaction and locus of control in a South African call centre environment.South African Journal of Labour Relations, 30(2), 66-81.
[7] Cavazos-Rehg, P. A., Krauss, M. J., Spitznagel, E. L., Schootman, M., Cottler, L. B., &Bierut, L. J. (2010). Associations between multiple pregnancies and health risk behaviors among U.S. adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(6), 600-603.
[8] Davies, S. L., DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Harrington, K. F., Crosby, R. A., &Sionean, C. (2003). Pregnancy desire among disadvantaged African American adolescent females.American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(1), 55-62.
[9] De Graaf, H., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Woertman, L., Keijsers, L., Meijer, S., &Meeus, W. (2010). Parental support and knowledge and adolescents' sexual health: Testing two mediational models in a national Dutch sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(2), 189-198.
[10] Farbstein, J. A. (2011). Does Social Support Impact the Prediction of Locus of Control for University Students Differentiated on Personality and Parenting? A master dissertation.

Abstract: In this paper we examined the challenges posed by institutionally generated crises on the economic integration plans initiated by the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. The overarching objective was to identify and provide a systematic analysis of the embedded crises, outline their consequential challenges and provide the public and policy-makers a guiding framework to redirect paradigms towards ending the crises. Using the theoretical lenses of the Cognitive Institutional Perspective (CIP) – a combination of Neo-institutional theory and Cognitive theory – we explore the several features and complexes that influence the actions and reactions of the South-South Governors to the NBC new boundary regime and the pronouncements of the Supreme Court on the several cases of redress and interpretation that were before it. In order to end the face-off generated by the crises, we asked and answered three related questions drawing largely from documentary and media publication evidences. After discussing the challenges, we offer recommendations towards ending the crises. These include mediation by the South-South leaders, mediation by the South-South traditional Rulers, and intensification of effort toward the realization of the South-South economic integration to spur growth in the South-South States, among others.

Keywords: Institutionally generated crises, Embedded crises, Economic integration, South-South geo-political zones, National Boundary Commission, Bakassi Peninsula, Cognitive Institutional Perspective, Oil wells.

[1]. Akpabio, E. M. & Akpan, N. S. (2010). Governance and oil politics in Nigeria‟s Niger Delta: The question of distributive equity. Journal of Human Ecology, 30 (2): 111 -121.
[2]. Akwa Ibom State ( AKS) (2012). Akwa Ibom State Government Statement on the 76 oil wells. Uyo: Ministry of Justice.
[3]. BRACED Commission (BC) (2013). Mid Term Review 2013: Port Harcourt.
[4]. Bryder, T. (1998). The human face of politics: Essays on political psychology and politicized culture in the 20th Century. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Political Studies Press.
[5]. Chukwu, I. (2011). How verdict on 86 oil wells affect Rivers, Akwa Ibom economies. Business Day, p.12.
[6]. Coser, L. A. (1977). Masters of Sociological thought, 2nd edn. New York: Harcourt Brace.
[7]. Fiske, S.T. &Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition 2nd ed. New York: McGraw- Hill.
[8]. Foranmi, F. (2013, February, 31). Rivers vs. Bayelsa: Steer clear of our oil wells, Amachi warns. The Sun Newspaper, p. 2, 9.
[9]. Folaranmi, F. (2013, March, 14). The Soku/Oluasiri oil wells and oil field: Comments on Bayelsa State response. The Sun Newspaper, p. 12 – 13.
[10]. Geva, N. & Mintz, A. (eds) (1997). Decision-making on war and peace: The cognitive-rational debate. Boulder: Rienner.

Abstract: Our society is currently at a crossroads and an urgent need to revamp our present education system so that it morphs into a pivotal tool in developing values. Is required Value Education a model of teaching - a way of thinking? With the need for value inculcation realized, we must address the vehicles for executing the same. In this regard, various value development models have been suggested. An education setting model of value education includes a theory about how people develop morally and myriad strategies for fostering moral development. Of these various Value Development Models two models that seem to be appropriate in inculcating desirable values in students and being feasible enough for widespread implementation are the Value Clarification and Role Playing Models. Since both the Value Development Models are supposed to be quite effective, a study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of both Value Clarification and Role Playing Models so that either one of them could be used as an effective tool in inculcating desirable values in classroom situations. It was found that both the Value Clarification Model and Role Playing Model proved to be nearly equally effective as far as the inculcation of the selected values on primary school children was concerned.

Keywords: Primary School Students, Value Clarification, Role Playing, Value Development Models.

[1]. Allport, G.W.Vernon P.E and Lindzy, G.(1960): A study of Values, Haughton Miffilin,Boston.
[2]. Rokeach,M. (1973): The Nature of Human Values. The free Press A Division of Mac Millan Pub.co. New York.
[3]. Raths et al (1966): Values and Teaching, Columbus. Ohio: Charies E. Merrill.
[4]. Shaver,J.and William,S (1976): Facing Value Decision; Rational Building for Teachers, Wordshorth Belmont.
[5]. Kirschenbaum, H and Simon, S.B. (Eds.) (1978): Readings in Value Clarification, Minneapolis, Winston Press.
[6]. Buch, M.B. (1974): A survey of Research in Education, Centre of Advance study in Education, NCERT, New Delhi
[7]. Das, R.C. (1987): Education in Values, Journal of Indian Education, 13 (4), 37-41
[8]. Gupta, K.M. (1991 a): Stage Structure of Teacher Educators in moral judgement, Indian Education Reviews, 26(2), 61-68
[9]. Jangira,N.K. (1983): Using Value Clarifying Strategies in the class room. The Primary Teacher ,8(2),18-21.
[10]. Joyce, B.: Weil, M. and Showers, B. (1992): Models of Teaching. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

Abstract: This study intends to analyze the Rise and Fall of Taliban Regime in Afghanistan. To understand the internal dynamics of the rise and fall of Taliban regime, this study elaborates the Ideological and Religious bases, Ethnic Composition, Geographical location, the causes of rise, Governance by Taliban, and The fall of Taliban seen through the lenses of domestic factors.

Keywords: The Civil War, Kabul, Khandhar, Taliban, Ethnic, Religious bases, Madrassa, Fall of Kabul, Bamiyan statutes.

[1]. Chayes, Sarah. (2007). The Punishment of Virtue, Inside Afghanistan after the Taliban, USA: Penguin books.
[2]. Chapman, Graham,P.C.(2009). The Geo Politics of South Asia: From Early Empires to the Nuclear Age.England: AsghatePublishinh Company
[3]. Davis, Anthony.( 2001).How the Taliban Became a Military Force. In Maley, William ( edt). Interpreting Taliban. In Fundamentalism Reborn: Afghanistan and the Taliban.(pp,59-60) New York: New York University Press.
[4]. Dupree, Louis. (1980). Afghanistan, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
[5]. Gohari, M. J. (2000). The Taliban Ascent to Power. Oxford University Press.
[6]. Goodson, Larry (2001). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban. Seath: University of Washington Press. 109-111.
[7]. Griffin, Micheal. (2001). Reaping the Whirlwind: Taliban Movement in Afghanistan. London: Pluto Press.
[8]. Jacob, Happymon (2006). The Rise, Fall and Resurgence of the Taliban. New Delhi: Samskriti in association with the Observer Research Fsoundation.
[9]. Kamal,Matin-ud-Din. (1991). Power Struggle in the Hindukush: Afghanistan (1978-1991). Lahore: Wajid Alias Pvt. Ltd.
[10]. Magnus,Ralph,H. Naby, Eden.(1998).Afghanistan:Mullah,Marx, and Mujahid: Pakistan West view Press. Pak. Book Corporation.

Abstract: The current article highlights and draws the attention of the community, officials and the concerned bodies to the danger of tagging horrible names and titles to persons with special needs. Furthermore, the article describes some of the ailments and diseases that cause impairments whose names are tagged to the affected persons. In the Arab world, as well as in many parts of the world, many titles are given to persons with special needs particularly the disabled ones. These names are of syndromes or titles created to be attached to the names of persons suffer certain disease phenomena. These titles are sometimes used to insult, contempt, belittle or humiliate these persons. The use of these titles is usually associated with many social problems. The habit of tagging awful and horrible titles to persons is a practice in many parts of the world particularly the Arab world. The persons with special needs are the main category of the society suffers from this problem. These titles hurt and embarrass the persons with special needs as well as their families. Therefore special regulations and new laws should be formulated, endorsed and strictly implemented and the existing laws should be enforced to limit and prohibit this unacceptable habit.

Keywords: Tagging, horrible names, humiliate, persons with special needs.

[1] A. S. Elsheikh and A. Alqurashi A.M. Disabled Future in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 61, 2013, 16-16.
[2] W. Al-Kharusi. Update on Road Traffic Crashes Progress in the Middle East. Clin Orthop Relat Res., 466(10), 2008, 2457–2464.
[3] M. Saulle and B D. Greenwald. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Review. Rehabilitation Research and Practice (2012), 2012, ID 816069, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/816069.
[4] M. Inglese, S. Makani and G. Johnson. Diffuse axonal injury in mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study.
Journal of Neurosurgery 103 (2), 2005, 298–303
[5] V. Christopher, H. Firth and, F. Charles. Congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (74), 2003, i3-i8, doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.suppl_1.i3
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[7] D. Hamerman. Aging and the musculoskeletal system. Ann Rheum Dis, (56), 1997, 578-585.
[8] L. P. Fried and J. M.Guralnik. Disability in older adults: evidence regarding significance, etiology, and risk. J Am GeriatrSoc (45), 1997, 92–100.
[9] T. E. Cawston, G. P. Riley and B. L. Hazleman. Tendon lesions and soft tissue rheumatism - great outback or great opportunity? Ann Rheum Dis, (55), 1996, 1–3. [10] D. Muralidharan, N. Fareed and M. Shanthi. Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dental Practitioners: Does It Affect Practice? Epidemiology Research International, (2013), 2013, Article ID 716897, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/716897.

Abstract: There has been a debate whether the International Standardized Boarding Schools have an ability to increase the level of education of the community. This paper describes and analyzes the perceptions of stakeholders towards the implementations of the International Standardized Boarding Senior High School (the ISBSHS) located in Pacet, East Java Province, Indonesia. The data is collected by interview, observation and documentations. We found that the perceptios of parents, stakeholders, students, alumni, education experts and community leaders on the quality of learning system of the school grow positively.Thus, it brings the confidence that academics, moral and religious goals of the school will be achieved.

Keywords: Boarding school, international standardized school, good school governance, perception.

[1] Ahmadi, Abu. (1991). Sociology of Education. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[2] Ambert, A-M, et.al. (1995). "Understanding and Evaluating Qualitative Research", Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 57 No. 4, pp 879-893
[3] Arifin, Imron. (1998). The Principal Leadership in Managing Madrassah and Elementary School Achievement. Malang: Post-Graduate Program of State University of Malang (NotPublished).
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[5] Bennett, John W., (1976). The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and Human Adaptation. New York: Pergamon Press Inc
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Abstract: The society that Saul Bellow (1915-2005) depicts in his novel Seize the Day (1956) is overwhelmed with materialism, which brings ruin in common people‟s fate, and eventually is to be murdered everywhere. Here, the word "Murder‟ doesn‟t mean "the unlawful killing of one human by other, especially with premeditated malice"; rather it is symbolically used to express the slaying of human sense, belief, love and passion, in a word humanity. In the contemporary American capitalist society money stands as a mammon to man. Therefore, the present article has attempted to discuss the relationship between materialism and murder in Bellow‟s merciless society and the cause of this psychological murder. Our protagonist, Tommy Wilhelm can‟t adapt himself in this materialistic trench of society, and is to be detached from his father, wife, children, and from rest of the world. In fact, this paper tries to discover how materialism expunges family relationship as well as human relationship and this very relationship is to be murdered as well.

Keywords: Saul Bellow, Money, Murder, Materialism, Society, Capitalism.

[1] Barry, P., BEGINNING THEORY: An introduction to literary and cultural theory (New York: Manchester University press, 2002).
[2] Bellow, S., Seize the Day (U.S.A.: Penguin Books, 1996).
[3] Boeree, C. G., Sigmund Freud. (2009). Retrieved from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html
[4] DelVesco, A., (February, 2011). ―A Novel Failure: The Unsuccessful Story of Tommy Wilhelm‖, Seize the Day, Retrieved from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Seize-The-Day-600902.html
[5] Glencoe Literature The Reader's Choice: American Literature, Texas Ed. (New York: McGraw hill companies, 2000).
[6] Goldman, L. H., Saul Bellow‟s Moral Vision: A Critical Study of the Jewish Experience (New York: Irvington Publishers, 1983).
[7] Green, Green's blog, A Critical Reading of Seize the Day, Posted at September 27, 2012. http://www.greenzblog.com/literature/seize-the-day/
[8] Literary Articles, Seize the day by Saul Bellow as an ethnic novel, Retrieved from http://literary-articles.blogspot.com/2010/02/seize-day-by-saul-bellow-as-ethnic.html
[9] Miller, A., Death of a Salesman (New York: Penguin Books, 1961).
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Abstract: This study is designed to assess some Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of parents/caregivers such as age, sex, marital status, religion, occupation, educational background and residential ownership status (independent variables) and their influence on birth registration (dependent variable) coverage in Gombe State. The findings were based on primary data sourced from the field through questionnaire survey, interview and field observation and secondary data on population, localities and registered live-birth data collected from the National Population Commission for a period of eight years (2000-2008). A total of 1530 respondents who were heads of households and parents/caregivers of eligible/registerable children aged 0-20 years were interviewed. It was conceptually hypothesized that the independent variables have influence on the dependent variable. Use was made of tests, percentages and cross tabulations in an attempt to analyze the influence. The analysis of the data revealed that, almost all the respondents were males and married. The paper further observed that all the independent variables with the exception of sex and marital status are found to have significant influence on the dependent variable. It is therefore suggested that for birth registration system to be effective, permanent and sustained a long term approach such as its integration into immunization and other early child development programmes are needed alongside aggressive enlightenment campaigns to be undertaken by all the principal stakeholders and to be directed mainly towards the rural areas. More registration centres should also be established in the nucleus of rural population.

Keywords: Socio-Economic, Demographic, Parents, Caregivers, Birth Registration, Coverage.

[1]. I.D. Makama, Text of a Press Briefing on the Occasion of the Commencement of the Local Government Sensitization Workshop on Vital Registration for Stakeholders. Abuja, 2006
[2]. National Population Commission Manual on Registration of Births and Deaths. National Population Commission Abuja, Nigeria, 2004.
[3]. National Population Commission, Vital Registration: Operational Guidelines for Deputy Chief Registrars and Heads of Dept. Abuja, 2008).
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[5]. UNICEF, The "Rights‟ Start to Life. A Statistical Analysis of Birth Registration, 2005
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[7]. Todres, Jonathan, Birth Registration: An Essential First Step toward Ensuring the Rights of All Children. Human Rights Brief, 10(3) 2003, 32-35.
[8]. Lucas, David, Registration, administrative and qualitative data, 2003
[9]. E. Linder Forrest, Methods for measuring population change, Public A Health Service Publication, 1000-series 2(32), 1998.
[10]. World Bank,World, Development Report, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

Abstract: Applying transitivity on the sonnet is what this research does; it is different from other previous researches which applying transitivity on other kinds of text. This research occupies the descriptive analysis method, in order to cultivate the sonnet to find out the type of process in transitivity. After analyzing the data from three Shakespeare's sonnets, this research finally is able to posit that there are four process types of six types appearing; they are material process, mental process, relational process and existential process. Due to identify which type of process more often appears in these three sonnets, the researcher calculates and makes the table. This research finds that material process appeared more often than others; after that, mental process, relational process and existential process. On the other hand, the researcher as well identified some archaic words; such as 'hath', 'mayst', 'see'st', 'fadeth', 'doth', 'perceivest', 'ere', 'thou', 'thy', and 'writ'.

Keywords: Clause, circumstance, sonnet, type of process, participant.

[1] Bloor and Bloor, Functional analysis of English 2nd edition (USA: Oxford University Press Inc., 2004).
[2] Halliday, M. A. K.., An introduction to functional grammar 2nd edition (London: Edward Arnold, 1994).
[3] Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. An introduction to functional grammar 3rd edition (London: Edward Arnold, 2004).
[4] Nguyen, Hanh Thu, Transitivity analysis of "Heroic Mother" by Hoam Pam, International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012.
[5] Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, Mood system and transitivity of airlines slogan – a comparison of national and regional airlines, International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2013.
[6] Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, Understanding systemic functional linguistics (Bandung: Unpad Press, 2013).
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Abstract: A number of scholars agree that frequent cultivation raises soil bulk density through compaction and destruction of soil structure. However, no research has been conducted to establish how the intensity of farmland cultivatedvaries with soil bulk density in different physiographic units.High soil bulk density lowers root penetration and seed germination and therefore can be used as a measure of land degradation.Likewise the intensity of farmland cultivated can be used to measure agricultural land use intensity. This study focused on establishing the effect of physiographic units on the relationship between the intensity of farmland cultivated and soil bulk densityin Nyakach District of Kenya.Physiographic units considered comprised of Plateau, Scarp Slopes, Plains and Valley Bottoms.A cross-sectional research design involving the use of purposive and simple random sampling was adopted. Structured questionnaire was used to interview 384out of the 29,214farmsteads. Soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis of soil bulk density. Correlation and regression analyses were employed in the assessment of the nature and strength of the relationship between the intensity of farmland cultivated and soil bulk density in different physiographic units. Statistically significant relationships between the intensity of farmland cultivated and soil bulk density were found in the Plateau (r = -0.267), the Scarp Slopes (r = -0.279), and the Valley Bottoms (r = -0.286) at 0.01 level of confidence. The results for the Plains showed that the relationship was statistically insignificant (r = -0.235).The study concluded that physiographic units have a significant influence on the relationships between the intensity of farmland cultivated and soil bulk density.

Keywords: Physiographic effects; Intensity; Farmland cultivated; Soil bulk density.

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