IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mental health & Social issues of infected male member of HIV+ve discordant couple – A qualitative study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kadiresan.M. S., Dr. Relton A.
	:	10.9790/0837-19120103

Abstract: In India 2.4 million people are infected with HIV. Increasing trend is observed in HIV scenario because of more number of new infections are identified. This is due to an infected person spreads the virus to uninfected persons through unprotected sex and unsterilized needle use etc,. Out of 2.4 million, it is estimated that 61% are male and 39% are female. This may predict that the serodiscordant couple are living more in number with psychological and social problems due to various reasons but less number of interventions are designed and implemented exclusive for male infected persons of the same category. The purpose of the qualitative study is to identify those predominant problems and suggestions for remedial measures.

Keywords: HIV serodiscordant, psychological & social issues, male infected persons.

[1] American Psychological Association - APA, 2000.

[2] Social work in mental health an evidence based approach – Bruce A.Thyer and Jhon S.Wodarski, published by John Wiley & sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jercy. ISBN – 9780471693048.

[3] Indian J Med Res. 2011 December; 134(6): 904–911. Doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.92635.

[4] http://www.beyondblue.org.au

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Factors influencing distress among senior citizens
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shakuntala Patil, Sunanda Itagi
	:	10.9790/0837-191210406

Abstract:Aging is an inevitable developmental phenomenon bringing along a number of changes in the physical, psychological, hormonal and the social conditions of the persons. So, the differential study was carried out on 140 senior citizens belonging to 60 years and above age group living in old age homes (n=65) and with family (n=75) in Hubli-Dharwad. The study was conducted with an objective to know the influencing factors on distress among institutionalized and non-institutionalized senior citizens. From the Regression analysis, among selected demographic variables, gender was found to be most significantly influencing factor on distress status of senior citizens.

Keywords: Distress, physical distress, emotional distress, institutionalized and non-institutionalized senior citizens

[1]. Agarwal, N. and Jhingan, P.H., 2002, Life events and depression in elderly. Indian J. Psychiatry, 44 (1) : 34-40.
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[4]. Ganguli, 2005, The prevalence of depression in elderly living at home in eastern Turkey : Erzurum. International J. Human Sci., 28 (3): 258-268.
[5]. Patil, P.B., Gaonkar, V. and Yadav, V.S., 2002, Depression among the elderly and its correlates. Indian Psy. Rev., 54 (1&2): 88-93.
[6]. Rogers, H., Hummer, and Krueger, B., 2005, physical health and psychological well-being. J. Aging and Health, 19 (6): 810-820.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Interrelation of Work-Family Commitment and Marital Satisfaction of University Teachers
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Holeyannavar, P. G., Khadi, P. B.
	:	10.9790/0837-19120711

Abstract: A study on "Interrelation of Work-family commitment and marital satisfaction of University Teachers" on a sample of 150 University teachers drawn from 3 cities of Karnataka in 2011-12, offering UG/PG courses in agriculture/science faculty belonging to Assistant professor to Professor and above cadre were randomly and proportionately selected. The work-family commitment was assessed using Work Life Balance scale developed by Fischer-McAuley et al., (2003) and marital satisfaction by Marital Satisfaction Scale developed by Haynes et al., (1992). Results revealed that more than half of the SAU (54.5%) and about 3/4th of Non-SAU (74.5%) teachers possessed high work-family commitment. None of them were in low levels of work-family commitment. Significant interactionary effects of gender and cadre was observed, indicating that males with Professor and above cadre revealed higher work-family commitment than females, while no such trend was observed among Assistant and Associate professors. Most of the SAU (83.8%) and Non-SAU (94.1%) teachers had high levels of marital satisfaction whereas none of them were in low levels. There were no main and interactionary effects of university, gender and cadre on marital satisfaction. There was positive and highly significant relationship between work-family commitment and marital satisfaction of SAU teachers (0.345) but non-significant among Non-SAUs (-0.105), indicating that higher levels of marital satisfaction significantly increased the work-family commitment among SAU teachers.

Keywords: Work-Family Commitment, Marital Satisfaction, University Teachers

[1]. Ahmad, 2007, Work-family conflict, life-cycle stage, social support and coping strategies among women employees. J. Human Resource. Adult Learn., 3(1): 70-78
[2]. Badyal, P., 1984, The relationship between five demographic variables and marital satisfaction of men and women in dual earner marriages, Thesis Simon Fraser University.
[3]. Davis, K.D., Goodman, W.B., Piretti, A.E. and Almeida, D.M., 2008, Non-standard work schedules, perceived family well-being and daily stressors. J. Mar. Fam., 70: 991-1003.
[4]. Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J., and Gavin, J., 2003, Modelling the relationship between work life balance and organisational outcomes. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial-Organisational Psychology. Orlando, April 12, 2003, 1-26.
[5]. Frone, M. R., Russell, M., and Cooper, L. M., 1992, Prevalence of work-family conflict: Are work and family boundaries asymmetrically permeable? Journal of Organizational Behavior., 13: 723-729.
[6]. Gareis, K.C., Barnett, R.C., Ertle, K.A. and Berkman, L.F., 2009¸Work family enrichment and conflict : additive effects, buffering or balance. J. Mar. Fam., 71: 696-707.
[7]. Haynes, S.N., Floyd, F.J., Lemsky, C., Rogers, E., Winemiller, D., Heilman, N., Werle, M., and Murphy, T., 1992, Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire for Older Persons., Psychological Assessment., 4(4): 473-482.
[8]. Jeremy, R., 2005, In the face of conflict: Work-life conflict and desired work hour adjustments. J. Mar. Family, 67: 1313-1331.
[9]. Kate, S., 2009, The relationship satisfaction of heterosexual couples in one low income, semi-rural western cape community, Thesis presented at the University of Stellenbosch.
[10]. Liat, K. and Rayyan, F., 2006, Relationships between dual-earner spouses, strategies for coping with Home-Work demands and emotional well-being. Comm. Work and Fam., 9(4): 457-477.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Geography of Politics: A Case for the Political Redistricting of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abdullahi Liman Tukur, Mohammed Mahmud Barde
	:	10.9790/0837-19121224

Abstract: This paper examines current political representations in Adamawa State in the light of democratic principles of fairness, justice and equity to propose a redistricting of the state with a view to redressing imbalances and deviations from standard practices and the law. It is argued that the current situation where an area is being represented by six members in the state assembly and one member at the federal house of representative on the one hand and another area represented by two members in the state assembly and one member at the federal house of representative on the other hand is not only absurd, lopsided and illogical but also cannot be said to be democratic. This situation has created and sustained feelings of marginalization and deprivation. A redistricting that redresses such imbalances and inequities is proposed using standard criteria,within a Geographic Information System environment, to achieve democratic imperatives of fairness and justice.

Keywords: Redistricting Adamawa, democratic fairness, justice.

[1]. Common wealth, IFES and the United Nations (2003) Nigeria Electoral Review: Report to the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. www.aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/a./NG/ertreport/at_download/file , retrieved 07/10/2013
[2]. Hanewicz, C. (2012) Geographic Information Systems and the Political Process www.wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/honewicz.pdf retrieved 29/09/2013
[3]. Horn, M. (n.d.) GIS and the Geography of Politics www.geosoed,ac,uk/wgisteach/gis_book-abridge/file/ch.67.pdf retrieved 18/09/2013
[4]. Jega, A. (2013) Why we need to delineate constituencies again, www.theeagle.com.ng retrieved on 07/10/2013
[5]. Morrison, R. (n.d.) A Framework for Justice and Fairness, www.usbig.net/papers/017-RoyMorrison.doc retrieved 07/10/2013
[6]. Saunders, B. (2008) Democracy-as-fairness: Justice, Equal Chances and Lotteries, Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics Vol.2 Issue.1 pp.154 – 158 www.ejpe.org/pdf/2-1ts-3.pdf, retrieved 07/10/2013
[7]. Federal Government of Nigeria (2009) Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette No.2 Vol.96: Legal Notice on Publication of 2006 Census Final Result. www.scribd.com/.../Legal_Notice_on_pub... Retrieved 07/10/2013
[8]. Crocker, R. (2012) Congressional Redistricting: An Overview. Congressional Research Services, Report for Congress. www.crs.gov, (www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42831.pdf) retrieved on 5/10/2013
[9]. Musa. A. A. &Tukur A. L.. (2008) Measuring Land Cover Indices of Adamawa State Using GIS Techniques. Journal of the Environment. Vol 2. No 2.
[10]. Linton, N. (2013) The Road to Better Redistricting: Empirical Analysis and State-Based Reform to Counter Partisan Gerrymandering. Ohio State Law Journal Vol. 73:4 www.moritzlaw.osu.edu/…/73.4.Litton.pdf.Retrieved on 5/10/2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Teaching and Learning the Translation of English Determiners into French: A New Perspective
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abubakar Abanga (Ph.D)
	:	10.9790/0837-19122532

Abstract:In this work, we examine problems that the translation of English determiners poses to Nigerian students of French. We attempt to: 1) identify difficulties encountered by the students in the translation of the determiner some 2) develop resources for teaching the translation of this determiner and 3) propose a didactic approach for delivering these resources. Fifteen sentences were given to 179 part III students from 18 Nigerian universities to translate into French. It was found that the sentences in which the determiner some is thematised poses a serious problem to the students as only 39% of them translated the sentences correctly. Based on this result, we developed resources for teaching and learning the translation of this determiner. A new approach was also proposed to facilitate the task.

Keywords: Extraction, Determiners, Didactic approach, Operation of determination, Some,

[1] Adamczewski, H. & Delmas, C. Grammaire linguistique de l'anglais.(Paris : Armand Colin. 1982)
[2] Africa-Caribbean-Pacific – European Community The Courier, No 108March-April, 1988
[3] Afrique-Caraïbes-Pacifique - Communauté Européenne Le Courrier, No 108Mars-Avril, 1988
[4] Antia, B.E "Didacticiel à l‟appui d‟une rénovation de la traduction Pédagogique‟ La revue d'études françaises des enseignants et chercheurs du Village français du Nigéria, tome 1, No 1 2005, 69-89
[5] Aslanides, S. Grammaire du français. Du mot au texte. (Paris: Unichamp- Essentiel Champion. de Lille 2001)
[6] Boscaren et al. "Quelques réflexions sur l‟article Zéro‟ Un cahier deRecherche de Grammaire anglaise vol. II, (Paris: Ophrys, 1984) 113 –149.
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[10] Giancarli, Pierre-Don "Le flèchage (spécifique et générique )Opération seconde, opération double ? Hypothèse à partir des articles démonstratifs français et anglais " in Cycnus : Anaphore nominal et verbal Vol. 18 no2, 2006Available online at http://revel.unicefr/cycnos/sommaire. Consulted on 2/6/2006

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Why don't you like me the way I am? I'm not a genius": A Mistakable Understanding of a Child Prodigy in Amy Tan's Two Kinds, the Symbolic Crisis of Identity in the Specific Contexts of the American Dream
Country	:	Sweden
Authors	:	Akm Aminur Rashid
	:	10.9790/0837-19123336

Abstract:In this paper I put a critical reflection on a symbolic crisis of identity found in Amy Tan's Two Kinds in which the narrator, Jing-mei narrates her conflict with her mother with regard to Jing-mei's being a prodigy. The nature of this work is a critical critique of Mrs. Woo's intention to make her daughter, Jing-mei Woo thriving on the chosen identity goals. The tension state comes into the plot, when Mrs. Woo's chosen identity goals meet interruption from her daughter's side because her daughter reflects on free will while her mother expects typical Chinese obedience from her daughter. Jing-mei has to go through several tests by her mother; but ultimately fails. The mother-daughter relationship reaches its climax, when in the struggle mother asks daughter questions of identity; and daughter rebels against mother and her unreasonable pathways. The story has actually a poignant failure of both mother-daughter relationship; relevant indicators of identity; and a lack of effective communication between mother and daughter regarding to a self-defining, or a non-self defining goal. However, the American renaissance that is said to bring pathways to success has its close link with the identity politics in which identity is performed, tested, and changed.

Keywords: American Dream, Opportunity, Prodigy, Failure, Death.

[1] Gergen, K. J. (2007). The self: Colonization in psychology and society. Psychology's territories: Historical and contemporary perspectives from different disciplines, 149-167.
Book:
[2] Huntley, E. D. (1998). Amy Tan: A Critical Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Book:
[3] Carol Oates, Joyce. (Ed.). (1999). The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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[4] Edmiston, K. D., Brooks, L., &Shelpelwich, S. Student Loans: Overview and Issues (Update).
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[6] andBurtless, G. (2013), Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010, by Charles Murray, New York: Crown Forum/Random House, 2012, 407 pp., $27.00 hardcover. J. Pol. Anal. Manage., 32: 211–218. doi: 10.1002/pam.21671
[7] Mele,A.(1997).Real self-deception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, pp 91–136. Book:
[8] Mele,A.(2000). Self-deception unmasked. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Subcontract Offering on the Performance of Manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Prof. Roselyn W. Gakure, Peter Njuguna Kimemia, Dr. Gichuhi A. Waititu
	:	10.9790/0837-19123746

Abstract: This study set out to investigate the influence of intensity of participation in subcontract offering on the performance of manufacturing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. The study used an exploratory research design targeting a population of 2450 MSEs from Kamukunji 'JuaKali' Association, Nairobi Kenya. A random sample of 180 firms returned 175 (97.2%) valid responses. Survey data was collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. A pilot test on 20 firms helped to improve the instrument while the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method extracted the factors with reliability cut-off value of 0.70. Factors loadings that were less than 0.40 were discarded. Descriptive statistics presented the responses in means and standard deviations. To sharpen inferences, ordinal regression analysis was performed using the Polytomous Universal Model (PLUM) of SPSS for Windows 19 location-scale model. Response frequencies of firm performance, ordered in 5-part Likert-type categories, were positively skewed, thus,the negative log‐log link function was used. Model fitting information provided log likelihood ratio tests for the null hypothesis that the independent variable was statistically equal to zero. The study found that the intensity of participation in subcontract offering influences firm performance, positively and significantly.

Keywords:Subcontract Offering, Firm performance, Micro and Small Enterprises, Manufacturing

[1]. Allison, Paul. 1999. "Comparing Logit and Probit Coefficients Across Groups." Sociological Methods and Research 28(2): 186-208.
[2]. Berger, S., &Piore, M. J. (1984). Dualism and discontinuity in Industrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Berry, A. (1997). SME Competitiveness: The Power of Networking and Subcontracting. Http://www.economia.gob.mx/pics/p/p2760/cipi_1LNetworking.pdf Access 18/09/2012
[4]. Ceglie, G. &Dini, M. (1999): SME Cluster and Network Development in Developing Countries: the Experience of UNIDO, UNIDO.
[5]. Chong H 2008. Measuring performance of small-andmedium sized enterprises: The grounded theory approach. J of Business and Public Affairs, 2(1): 1-10.
[6]. Churchill, G. A., &Iacobucci, D. (2005). Marketing Research. Methodological Foundations (9th ed.). Australia, Canada, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States: South-Western.
[7]. Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P.S. (2003). Business Research Methods. Boston: McGraw Hill.
[8]. Deardorff, A., &Djankov, S. (2000). "Knowledge transfer under subcontracting: evidence from Czech firms". World Development, 28(10), 1837-1847.
[9]. Díaz-Mora, C. &Triguero-Cano, A. (2012). "Why do some firms contract out production? Evidence from firm-level panel data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(13), pages 1631-1644, May.
[10]. Furlan, A., Grandinetti, R. &Camuffo, A. (2007), "How do subcontractors evolve?" International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 27 No. 1, 2007 pp 69-89.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Inquiry into the Lexical Affinities between Arabic and Yorùbá Languages
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Kazeem Adebayo Omofoyewa
	:	10.9790/0837-19124754

Abstract: There are indeed some evidences of interplay between Arabic and Yorùbá languages in spite of the distance in space between the two cultures. This invariably shows the universality of language which erodes the constraints of distance and time on social organisation and interaction. The nexus between both languages is evident in the multitude of Arabic loan words and expressions found in Yorùbá language. This paper, therefore, gives an insightful examen of the Arabic and Yorùbá languages, their speakers, as well as the varieties of both languages, vis-à-vis the standard and colloquial ones. It also probes into the influence of Arabic on Yorùbá language and culture, and equally highlights the Arabic loan words in Yorùbá language in a bid to establishing the relationship between the two languages. The paper employed the sampling method and the data were content analysed.

Keywords: Inquiry, lexical affinities, Arabic and Yoruba languages.

[1]. D.Y. Terry, Arabic: Background history in Arabic language history, (Spring 1999). Retrieved Jan. 07, 2010 from, http://www.arabicstudies.edu/arabiclangrev.html
[2]. S. Habeeb, The odyssey of Arabic language and its scripts,(n.d.), 3. para. 9. Retrieved Jun. 27, 2011 from http://www.alhewar.com/habeeb_salloum_arabic_language.htm
[3]. P.K. Hitti, History of the Arabs. 10th ed. (Hong Kong: Macmillian Publishers Ltd. 1970),4.
[4]. S. Habeeb, The odyssey of Arabic language and its scripts, (n.d.), 4. para. 1.
[5]. S. Habeeb, The odyssey of Arabic language and its scripts, (n.d.), 2. para. 2.
[6]. See J. Carmicheal, The Shaping of the Arabs, (New York: Macmillan, 1967).
[7]. S. Habeeb, The odyssey of Arabic language and its scripts, (n.d.), 3. para. 7.
[8]. S. Habeeb,The odyssey of Arabic language and its scripts, (n.d.), 4. para. 2.
[9]. S.H.A. Malik, A contrastive study of the verbal patterns in standard Arabic and spoken Egyptian Arabic. PhD Thesis. Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies. University of Ibadan, (1976), 14-17.
[10]. J. Dickins, et al.Thinking Arabic translation: A course in translation method: Arabic to English, (London: Routledge, 2010), 167.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Hotel Sales Decline and Opportunities For a Turnaround: The Case of a Selected Hotel Chain in Swaziland (2008 – 2010)
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Farayi Phillip Kanokanga, Sebastian Vengesayi, Patricia Mumbengegwi, Cloetilda Kazembe, Pauline Karigambe
	:	10.9790/0837-19125558

Abstract: The study sought to explore the causes of sales decline and possibilities of a turnaround at some selected hotel chain in Swaziland between July 2008 and December 2010. In this study 5 senior managers, 12 middle level managers, 5 junior managers and 2 ordinary employees were used as research subjects. Fifty per cent of them were male and 42 per cent female. The study sought to facilitate the organisation to appreciate and fix the causes of sales decline; the hotels' personnel to be better motivated, and hotel guests to enjoy improved customer care. The study showed that stiff competition was the main cause of sales decline. Economic hardships, and low personnel motivation also played a part. The study recommended that staff motivation be taken more seriously. The use of the world's best practices was recommended as well as further research on casino operations.

Keywords: competition, hotel, opportunities, sales decline, turnaround.

[1] J. Beech and S. Chadwick, The business of tourism management,3rd edition (Prentice - Hall, Harlow, 2006)
[2] C.W Barrows and T. Powers, Introduction to management in the hospitality industry, 9th Edition(John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2009)
[3] J. Lonergan, Why do hospitality business fail?Retrieved from http://www.cuisine scene hospitality solutions.com.
[4] Ainsworth L. (2008). There are only four ways to increase a company's revenue. Retrieved from: <http://www.ezinearticles.com
[5] C.L. Morley, (Managing Tourism Firms: Economics and Management of Tourism,(Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc, Massachussets, 2007)
[6] M. Sigala, The information and communication technologies productivity impact on the UK hotel sector, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 23 Issue 10,2003, pp. 1224-1245;
[7] M.L. Schwartz, Impact of IT on hotel industry and Hilton Hotel Corporation, a research paper. 2007
[8] D.Bowie and F.Buttle, Hospitality marketing – an introduction,(Buttersworth – Heinemann, Oxford, 2004).
[9] S. Hudson, Tourism and hospitality marketing – a global perspective,(Sage Publications, London, 2008)
[10] T. McComb, The implementation of the suggestive selling training programfor the employees of the XYZ Resort and Casino, msc diss., he Graduate College, University of Wisconsin – Stout, Menomonie, 1999.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	HIV/AIDS prevalence, knowledge, attitudes and related behaviors among young people in Libreville, Gabon
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Ndjiembi A. Christane, Zamba M. Roger, Jacob Masika, Yan Zhang, Zhang liang
	:	10.9790/0837-19125965

Abstract: The few available data that exist show that the prevalence of HIV infection among adolescents in Gabon is increasing. This study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of high school and college students in Libreville, Gabon. A sample size of 601 students(258 males and 343females) aged between 12 and 24 years was selected by systematic random sampling. Results showed that half of the respondents were aware of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse (55.7%), from mother to child (48.3%) and through sharing needles or syringes (51.8%). About 15.14% of students had an idea of unsafe practices related to HIV transmission. About 55.7% of respondents reported to have positive attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. About 45.3% of the respondents reported willingness to study in a school with HIV-positive friends and 39.3% of the respondents reported that can attend a school with HIV-positive teachers. Only about 25.62% of the respondents who reported to engage in sexual activities used condoms. The study showed that students have inadequate information about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention and therefore appropriate measures need to be urgently instituted to reduce spread of HIV/AIDS in this population.

Keywords: Attitudes - Behaviors -HIV/AIDS- knowledge- Students.

[1] United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood (New York, United Nations, 2011).
[2] Report of the Secretary-General. Uniting for universal access: towards zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. (New York, UNAIDS, 2011).
[3] General Directorate of Prevention. National monitoring report of the declaration of commitment on HIV / AIDS (UNGASS) in 2008 (Libreville, Gabon, Ministry of Social Affairs, Solidarity, the protection of the widow and the orphan and the fight against AIDS, 2008).
[4] Directorate General for AIDS Prevention. National Report on the Response to HIV/AIDS (Libreville, Gabon, Ministry of Health,2012).

[5] Emmanuel G. Regional Youth Forum CEMAC in the fight against HIV, 6th edition HIV cannot pass through the girl (Yaoundé, Cameroon, FREJES VI, 2012). [6] Cai Y, Shi R, Shen T and . Pei B A study of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviours among female sex workers in Shanghai China. BMC Public Health, 28(10),2010,377. [7] Chen, Peter F. HIV/AIDS prevention among young people in East and South-East Asia in the context of reproductive and sexual health. Asia-Pac Popul, 23(1),2008, 7.
[8] National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. HIV among Women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2013.
[9] Aomreore AA, Alikor EA, Nkanginieme KE. Survey of knowledge of HIV infection among senior secondary school 3 (SSS3) students in Port Harcourt. Niger J Med, 13(4), 2004, 398 – 404.
[10] Sallar AM. Correlates of misperceptions in HIV knowledge and attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) among in-school and out-of-school adolescents in Ghana. Afr Health Sci, 9(2),2009, 82 - 91.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Unfortunate fate of a common man, reflected through Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, a Comparative Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Anisha Singh, S. K. Singh
	:	10.9790/0837-19126668

Abstract:The objective of this study is to explore the different modes and images of tragic vision of the great American dramatist, Arthur Miller, as manifested in his dramas. The study also consist the comparative observation of another dramatists after and before Millers plays. The study mainly deals with the drama outlined in the course of a common man but all other major dramas from the pen of other dramatist shall also be taken in view, where necessary. The aim is to find contemporary dimensions that happens in real life and that reveals in the form of tragedy of a common man through drama. The paper analyses the tragedy of a common man through, the great American dramatist Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman". An effort shall also be made to co-relate various facts of Miller's tragic vision along with another author's views in the present research study.

Keywords: Tragic vision, guilt, criss-cross, protagonist, melodrama, the tragicomic and epic.

[1] Miller, A. Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin Books, 1949.
[2] O‟Neill, Eugene. Long Day‟s Journey into Night. New Haven: Yale University Press,1956.
[3] Mamdouh Imara,"Self and Society in Arthur Miller's Plays." Tishreen University Journal: Literature and Humanities Series 3 (1993): 98-111, Syria
[4] W. E. Modern American Drama 1945-1990. London: Cambridge University 5.Press; 1992.
[5] Moss, Leonard. "The Unrecognized Influence of Hegel‟s Theory of Tragedy." The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 28 (1969):91-97.
[7] W. Denis. A. Miller. London: Oxford U. Press; 1973.
[8] Madhu Rani, " Tragedic vision in Arthur Miller‟s Death of Salesman" .An Intenational Biannual Journal of English studies, Volume2, Nov.1, no.1,2005.
[9] M. Edward. Miller A: Dramatist. New York: Ungar, 1967
[10] Martine, James J. Critical Essays on A Miller. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co.1979.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prosperity Index 2013 Rankings for Asia and Pacific Countries and Evaluation ofProsperity Indicators for Pakistan
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Muhammad Bashir
	:	10.9790/0837-19126976

Abstract: This paper presents the Prosperity Index Rankings 2013 for Asia and Pacific Countries. The London-based Legatum Institute "an independent non-partisan public policy organistation" that promotes research and programmes to help countries make their societies free and prosperous has developed the Legatum Prosperity Index which covers more than 96% of the world's population and 99% of the world's GDP. The Legatum Prosperity Index is a multidimensional composite index that provides an assessment of prosperity in 142 countries around the world in eight distinct sub-indices: Economy, Education, Entrepreneurship & Opportunity, Governance, Health, Personal Freedom, Safety &Security and Social Capital. The Index uses 89 variables, which are statistically related to income and wellbeing, and categorizes them into eight fundamental pillars of prosperity (sub-indices). Each sub-index is obtained as the sum of an income and wellbeing score. The Prosperity Index is the equally weighted average of the eight pillars of prosperity. The Legatum Prosperity Index that assesses global wealth and wellbeing has ranked Pakistan near the bottom of the least prosperous countries at 132 in a total of 142 countries. The prosperity index shows that among the eight sub-indexes used to evaluate prosperity, Pakistan is ranked 107 in economy. In entrepreneurship and opportunity, Pakistan is ranked 100. When it comes to governance, Pakistan is at 123. The fourth sub-index is education where Pakistan ranks 124. In healthcare, Pakistan is placed at 110 out of 142 countries. In safety and security issues, Pakistan is ranked 132. In personal freedom, Pakistan comes in at 135. In social capital (social cohesion and engagement, and community and family networks), Pakistan comes in at 130.

Keywords: Legatum Prosperity Index, wealth and well being, Asia and Pacific Countries.

[1]. The Legatum Prosperity Index 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Organizational Competitiveness on the Performance of Manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Peter Njuguna Kimemia, Prof. Roselyn W. Gakure, Dr. Gichuhi A. Waititu
	:	10.9790/0837-19127786

Abstract: This study set out to investigate the influence of organizational competitiveness on the performance of manufacturing micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. The study used an exploratory research design targeting a population of 2450 MSEs from Kamukunji 'JuaKali' Association, Nairobi Kenya. A random sample of 180 firms returned 175 (97.2%) valid responses. Survey data was collected with a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. A pilot test on 20 firms helped to improve the instrument while the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method extracted the factors with reliability cut-off value of 0.70. Factors loadings that were less than 0.40 were discarded. Descriptive statistics presented the responses in means and standard deviations. To sharpen inferences, ordinal regression analysis was performed using the Polytomous Universal Model (PLUM) of SPSS for Windows 19 location-scale model. Response frequencies of firm performance, ordered in 5-part Likert-type categories, were positively skewed, thus, the negative log‐log link function was used. Model fitting information provided log likelihood ratio tests for the null hypothesis that the independent variable was statistically equal to zero. The study found that the organizational competitiveness influences firm performance, positively and significantly.

Keywords: Organizational Competitiveness, Firm Performance, Micro and Small Enterprises, Manufacturing.

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