IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2014

Abstract: This article discusses perception among youths based on the outcome results from a research conducted on Shell petroleum development company (SPDC) community development program for youths and business development in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. The study explores the relationship of perception to community development among youths (CDY) and the extent it can predict it. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey by using self-administered questionnaire and simple random sampling as its sampling techniques. Sample size of 322 emerged from 2125 youths who benefited from SPDC's micro credit loan designed for youths and business development in the region based on the list provided by the micro-credit scheme for agricultural development (MISCAD). Instrument of assessment in this study was derived from literatures in line with indicators of measuring each of the construct variables as the test and retest prove the instrument to be valid and reliability since the cronbach's alpha of the constructs recording not less than 0.604. Descriptive, Pearson's correlation and Standard multiple regression analyses were used to break down the data. Findings from the outcome of the result show that there is strong relationship between perception and community development (CD) among youths (r = 0.338, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the construct of interest which shapes perception was discovered as the major predictor of CD among youth. The study recommends that increasing factor that spurs youth's interest should be encouraged in CD programs among youths.

[1]. Adesope, O. M., Agumagu, A. C., Ukpongson, M. A., and Harcourt, P. (2010).Rural Youths Development Needs in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria.Agricultural Economics, 32(1), 29-36.
[2]. Ainley, M., Hidi, S., and Berndorff, D. (2002).Interest, learning, and the psychological processes that mediate their relationship. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(3), 545-561.
[3]. Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., and Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational Research: Determining Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research. Spring, 19(1), 43-50.
[4]. Beswick, D. (2000).An Introduction to the Study of Curiosity. Retrieved from http://www.beswick.info/psychres/curiosityintro.htm.
[5]. Blankson., S. (2005). Attitude. Lulu Press.
[6]. Center for Youth Development and Policy Research (1996). Best practices in youth development: People, programs, organizations and communities. Unpublished manuscript.
[7]. Fraser, E. D. G., Termansen. M., Sun, N, D. Guan, E. Simelton, P. Dodds, K. Feng, and Y. Yu. (2008) Quantifying socio economic characteristics of drought sensitive regions: evidence from Chinese provincial agricultural data. ComptesRendus Geosciences 340:679-688.
[8]. Geraldine, Sivapalan, and Abdul Hamid (2009) Malay youth entrepreneurship in Malaysia: an empirical update. Geografia : Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 5 (2). pp. 61-68.
[9]. Hoffman, JR., and Kang, J. (2002). Evaluation of a new anaerobic power testing system. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 16: 142–148.
[10]. Krapp, A. (2002a). An educational-psychological theory of interest and its relation to self determination theory. In E. Deci and R. Ryan (Eds.), The handbook of self-determination research (pp. 405–427). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Abstract: Health and education service sector in India our wide range of service provides an end-to-end solution to all our needs in the education sector. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and just not the non existence of disease or aliment. The expansion of both health and education sector have made the advancement of service sector. Fisher and Colin Clark have divided the economy into primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Service sector activities include trade, commerce, transport, communication, hotel and restaurant, banking and finance, health and education, tourism, share market, film industry , insurance, astrology industry etc. India service sector accounts more than 50 per cent of India's Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P). There is a significant changes in sectoral contribution of each sector to india's GDP over a period of time. Share of other services and service sector in percent and the performance of growth rates of service sector and GDP. In the decades of year 1950-51 to 2010-11

[1]. Colin Clark: "The Conditions of Economic Progress", Macmillan, London, 1940.
[2]. Economic Survey 2011-12
[3]. Economic Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2010, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agricultural, Government of India.
[4]. Fisher G.B. Alan "The Clash of Progress and Security ", Macmillan, London, 1935.
[5]. Government of Karnataka (2006), Karnataka Human Development Report 2005, Planning and Statistics, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, p.15.
[6]. Misra and Puri (2009), "Indian Economy", 27th revised Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., Ramdoot , Dr. Bhalerao Marg, Girgan, Mumbai-400004, pp59 to 64.
[7]. Ruddar Datt and Sundharam (2007), "Indian Economy", 55th revised Edition, Chand and Company Ltd.,Ramnagar, New Delhi-110055, pp 742,830.
[8]. Suryanaryanan S. S (1996), "The Service Sector And Its Role In Economic Development", The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, vol.. 39(1), 1996, pp.65.
[9]. www.service sector
[10]. www.service sector in India

Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of organizational leadership on competitiveness of public universities in Kenya. Literature has revealed that the Kenyan and other African Universities are missing from the list of 100 best universities in the world and that most graduates coming from the continent are disadvantaged and less prepared to form the global labor force. The sample was n=384 including teaching and non teaching staff from public universities in Kenya. Factor analysis revealed four items with a loading value below 0.4 as recommended by David etal 2010,hence the items were eliminated in the analysis; all other remaining components were retained for analysis. The data had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.799; hence the instrument was determined to be reliable.Sekaran (2000) confirmed that the Cronbach Alpha measure above 0.70 indicates that the measurement instrument has the internal consistency. Data analysis revealed a positive relationship R = 0.403, (p-value < 0.05) indicating a significant linear relationship between leadership and competitiveness.

[1]. Amabile T.M, Schatzel, E.A., Moneta, G.B., and Kramer, S.J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. The Leadership Quarterly, 15:1, 5-32.
[2]. Arnold, J.A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J.A. and Drasgow, F. (2000), ""The empowering leadership questionnaire: the construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors‟‟, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 249-69 [3]. Bradley L. Kirkman and Benson Rosen (1999) Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. The Academy of Management Journal Vol. 42, No. 1 (Feb., 1999), pp. 58-74
[4]. Branson, C.M. (2005b), "Personal values and principalship behaviour: illustrating therelationship" paper presented at the 10th Annual Values and Leadership Conference,Penn State University, University Park, PA, 13-15 October.25
[5]. Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 92: 117-134
[6]. Cawley, B.D., Keeping, L.M. and Levy, P.E. (1998), "Participation in the performance appraisalprocess and employee reactions: a meta-analytic review of field investigations", Journal ofApplied Psychology, Vol. 83 No. 4, pp. 615-33 [7]. House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations:The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(5), 628-630.
[8]. Ishaq, Musa (2008). Leadership qualities and organizational transformation: A case study of University of Abuja Library, Abuja. Borno Library,Archival, and Information Science Journal 7 (1): 75-79 [9]. Joseph C. Rost, "Leadership Development in the New Millennium." The Journal of Leadership Studies", 1993, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 92-110.
[10]. Lombardi, J. Craig, D. D Capaldi, E. D., & Gater, D. S. (2002). Annual Report on The Top American Research Universities,The Center, University Organization, Governance and Competitiveness. Washington: The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance.

Abstract: The White Tiger is presented as an epistolary novel, written to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao by the main protagonist, Balram Halwai, a self styled entrepreneur. The novel presents a sharp contrast between India's vertiginous economic growth and its dark side through Balram, who hails from crushing rural poverty. The India that we see in the this novel is not India shining but India of half baked people who are still struggling to find a place for themselves, amidst this over dazzling campaign. The term inequality truly defines the current economic condition of India, where a vast majority lives in acute poverty and the bridge between the rich and the poor is ever increasing. This paper reveals the murky side of existing entrepreneurship in India and through Balram's journey from darkness to light it exposes the shadowy side of shining India.

[1]. Adiga, Aravind, ―The White Tiger‖, New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2008. All references are from this edition and will be marked by WT & pagination.
[2]. Pais, J. Arthur, Interview of Aravind Adiga ―Dangers of Ignoring India's Poor are Greater", 2nd May 2008, Rediff.com.
[3]. Web link: http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/may/02inter1.htm.

Abstract: Blight housing condition is detestable, yet there seems to be a strong socio-cultural attachment to slum areas, particularly in the core area of cities. This study thus employs the cost replacement valuation procedure to evaluate the objective property value of sampled building to compare with the residents subjective value at the core and the periphery areas of Ogbomoso. 150 structured questionnaire were administered to residence in the study area to determine among others; the subjective property value and the willingly of the people to move, should there be an urban renewal program.

[1] Abumere Sylvester (1987) "Urbanization and Urban Decay" In onibokun G et al (Ed). Urban renewal in Nigeria (1987) NISER/CURPVol. 1987 Ibadan
[2] Adams, C. D., Brown A. E. and MacGregor B. D. (1988)"The availability of Land for Inner City Development: A case Study of Inner Manchester" Journal of Urban Studies Vol. 25: 62 – 76.
[3] Adeniyi Kunle (1987) " Urban Renewal: case studies from Britain" In onibokun G et al (Ed). Urban renewal in Nigeria (1987) NISER/CURPVol. 1987 Ibadan.
[4] Agbola Tunde (1987) "Urban Renewal: A case study of Lagos metropolitan Area" In onibokun G et al (Ed). Urban renewal in Nigeria (1987) NISER/CURPVol. 1987 Ibadan.
[5] Ferguson Bruce (1996)"The Environmental Impact and Public cost of Unguided Informal Settlement; The Case of Montego Bay". In Aina Tade et. al. (eds). Journal of Environment and Urbanization Vol. 8 No. 2 October 1996.
[6] Green Berg M. R. Popper F. J. & West B. M. (1993) "Community Organizing to Prevent TOADS in the United States‟ CommunityDevelopment Journal Vol. 28: 55 – 56.

Abstract: A sample of the study comprised of 300 high school children in the age group of 13-16 year from five urban high school of Dharwad taluk. Creative thinking scale developed by mehdi (1989) and creative thinking check list developed by AICRIP-CD Dharwad center (2010) were used to assess the creative thinking ability of children. The result of the study revealed that majority of children showed high level of creative thinking ability and none of them belonged to low category of creative thinking ability. There was no influence of type of school, age and gender on creative thinking ability of children.

Key words: age, children, gender, Creative thinking ability

[1] Mehdi, B.(1989). Creative thinking ability test National Psychological Corporation Agra.
[2] Anonymous, (2010). Creative thinking checklist developed by All India Coordinated Research Project on Child development, Department of Human Development and family studies, College of Rural home science, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, Karnataka.
[3] Csikszentmihaliya, M. (2005). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York. Harper Collins.
[4] Yan, L. (2005). An investigation of the relationship between the open- endedness of activities and the creativity of young children. University of New Orleans, Ph.D Thesis.
[5] Torrance, E. (1972). E. Education and creativity: Duke University press.

Abstract: Self-efficacy is a strong and consistent predictor of grade point average and expectations of academic success. Self- efficacy which refers to a person's judgment of own capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated type of performance has also been found to be a major contributor to an individual's academic achievement (Bandura, 1986). From the studies of Pajares, (1996); Pajares & Miller, (1997); Pajares & Valliant, (1997), Covington, (2000),

[1] Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
[2] Pajares, F. (1996). Self - Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Setting. Review of education Research, 66 (4), p. 543-578.
[3] Pajares, F. and Miller, M. D. (1997). Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Mathematics Outcomes: The Need for Specificity of Assessment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, p. 190-198.
[4] Pajares, F. and Valiante, G. (1997). Difference of Self-Efficacy on Elementary Students Writing. The Journal of Education Research. 90 (6), p. 353-361.
[5] Covington, M. V. (2000). Goal Theory, Motivation and Students achievement: An Integrated Review. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, p. 171-200.
[6] Robins, R. W. and Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive Illusions about the Self: Short-term Benefits and Long-Term Costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, p. 340-352.

Abstract: Indian Handicrafts are the integral parts of the Indian culture and tradition which constitutes a significant segment of the decentralized sector of the economy. Foreign fashion industry borrows a great deal from Indian appliquéd motifs Saree designs, an ethnic Indian wear for their fashion shows. Needless to say, the borders between the world cultures are now eroding out and becoming irrelevant. But notwithstanding, the real concern for many of us is that,

[1] Appadurai, A.(1990).Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy.In Featherstone, M., ed. Global culture, Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity: A theory,culture and society special issue. Sage, London.
[2] Valaskakis, K.(1999).Globalisation as Theatre.International Social Science Journal.51(2): 153-164.
[3] Oommen, T.K.(2007).Bringing Gandhi back into Independent India.Gandhi Marg28(4),433-443.
[4] Bhagwati, J.: (2004). In Defence of Globalization.Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
[5] Pieterse, J.N.: (2004) Globalisation and Culture: Global Melange.Rowman and Littlefield Publications Inc., Oxford.

Abstract: The ethnical culture is easy to be impacted by the foreign culture under the rapid development of information globalization in China. This paper took the people from Shilin Autonomous in Yunnan province as study subjective, and made a random survey of 252 people through the methods of questionnaire and interviews from 7 aspects as the following: cognitive consciousness of national culture, concerning consciousness of national culture, participating consciousness of national culture, behavior consciousness of national culture, protecting consciousness of national culture.

[1] Huang Guangcheng. Yunnan Ethnic Culture aspect probe [M]. Sciences Press, 2007.
[2] Li Youmei. native cultural transformation of Rapid urbanization process [M]. Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2007.
[3] Miriam. development of Western ethnic and cultural resource to market [M]. Ethnic Publishing House, 2007.
[4] Chen Li. National historical and cultural resources and tourism development [M]. Ethnic Publishing House, 2007.
[5] Xu Xianlong. Research on Ethnic Cultural Development and Protection [M]. Ethnic Publishing House, 2007

Abstract: Mother Teresa of Calcutta the Prophetic activist, a model for mission today, based on the Gospel values of Jesus Christ.

Key words: Mother Teresa, India,Mission, Missionary, Christians, Buddha, Buddhism, Church, inculturation, inter-religious.

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Abstract: Records management is the area of administrative management that is concerned with achieving economy and efficiency in the creation, maintenance, use and disposal of records of an organization throughout its life cycle. Implementing good records management practices in school would provide information for educational planners and administrators, serves as historical source for documenting history of the school, a means of showing transparency and accountability in handling school finance, they are evaluation tools for accessing progress made by schools and also show

[1]. Adikwu, C.C.A. (2011) The Application of Filing in Records Management. Journal of Ahmadu Bello University Complex. Vol 13,No 1 & 2 pp 42-48
[2]. Chairman (1990) Records survey and schedules selected guidelines for the management of records and archives: A RAMP Reader, Paris, UNESCO p. 99.
[3]. Durosaro, D.O. (2001) Craft of School Management, University Press, Ilorin, pp: 138- 150.
[4]. Glossary of Recordkeeping Terms, United Nations Records Management and Archives terms http://archives.un.org/ARMS/Glossary Date accesses 1/4/1013
[5]. Fasasi, Y.A. (2004). School record keeping: A strategy for management of Nigerian secondary education institutions. Ilorin J. Educ., 23: 73-78

Abstract: Society and culture has always affected and influenced women. The feminist thinking finds difficult to argue on such thinking. Despite multiple versions of feminist criticism that began to emerge in the mid-twentieth century, Miller's play seems hardly concerned with the women's assertion of distinct identity in societal order. The presence of women appears apparently marginal as they only serve the dramatic purpose of complimenting and enriching the plot as well as reinforcing Miller's artistic vision.

[1]. Abraham, Taisha."New Orientations, Feminist Theory and Modern Drama." An Anthology of Recent Criticism. Pencraft International, Delhi, 1998.
[2]. Brantley, Ben.Theater Review: All My Sons.: The New York Times. October 17, 2008.
[3]. Couchman, Gordon W."Arthur Miller Tragedy of Babbill." Educational Theatre Journal. VII, 1955.
[4]. Hayman, Ronald.Arthur Miller. Contemporary Playwright Series. London: Heinemann, 1970.Miller, Arthur.
[5]. Timebends: A Life. New York: Grove Press, 1987.

Abstract: Secularism in India is neither pro-religious nor anti-religious but provides a space of respect for religious feelings. The technological advancement particularly in the fields of biotechnology is creating a little disturbance in the balance maintained by the Constitution of India in this diversified country. Many issues such as genetically modified food,

[1]. Director-General Indian Council of Medical Research, "Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Participants", (2006.) Available at http://icmr.nic.in/ethical_guidelines.pdf.
[2]. George P. Smith II, "Law, Medicine and Religion : Towards a Dialogue and Partnership in Biomedical Technology and Decision making", 21, Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, Spring, 2005, p. 169. [3]. Pankaj Mishra, "How India Reconciles Hindu Values and Biotech". The New York Times (August 21, 2005). Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/21/weekinreview/21mishra.html? pagewanted=all&_r=0
[4]. Peter D. Schmid, "Religion, Secular Humanism and the First Amendment", 13, Southern Illinois University Law Journal, Winter, 1989, p.357.

Abstract: The study of human growth and development is an important field of anthropological research. By the term growth, we mean "quantitative increase in size or mass" of an organism; while development refers to "progression of changes either quantitative or qualitative that leads from an undifferentiated or immature state to a highly organized, specialized, and mature state" (Bogin, 1999). According to Garn (1995), "Growth, is a human characteristic and varies with sex and ages as well as between different ethnic groups and different acculturation level is a natural phenomenon". It is an exceeding regular process refers to the continuous addition in body dimension of an organism over a period of time.

[1] Calder, P.C. and Jackson, A.A. (2000). Under Nutrition, Infection and Immune Function.Nutrition Research Review, 13: 3-29.
[2] Castilla, L.V. and M.M. Lahr. (2001). Secular Trend of Growth among Urban Brazilian Children of European Descent. Annals of Human Biology, 28 (5): 564-567.
[3] Choudhary, B. (1979): A Cross Sectional Study of Growth of some Somatometric Characters of Rabha Boys of Kamrup, Assam. PhD. Thesis, Guwahati University.
[4] Das, H. (1998). Age Changes in some Somatometric Characters of the Hajong of Meghalaya.PhD. Thesis, Guwahati University.
[5] Das, P.B. (1992). A Mixed Longitudinal Study in Height and Weight of Assamese Children from 8-10 years. Bulletin of the Department of Anthropology, Guwahati University.
[6] Das, P.B. and Choudhary, B. (1992). A Mixed Longitudinal Study on Growth in Height and Weight of Assamese Children from 1-10 years. Bulletin of Anthropological Survey of India, 31(3&4): 37-42.

Abstract: The root meaning of alienation denoted a relationship to property one could for example, alienate ones property by transferring it to another person, on to an institution. During the seventeenth century, the focus of the term shifted from material to immaterial possessions such as rights and sovereignty over oneself (McLean & McMilan-2009). It came to be accepted by thinkers such as Grotius and Locke that alienating certain rights or powers was a necessary prerequisite for legitimate political society. Alienation in this sense became the basis of social contract theory.

[1] McLean, I and McMillan, A., "Concise Dictionary of Politics‟ Oxford University Press, 2009.
[2] Directorate of census office, Agartala.
[3] Bera, G.K.and Bera, N. "Echoes from the Hillocks: A Compendium on the Tribes of Tripura‟, Tripura Bani Prakashani, July 2009.
[4] Ghai, K.K., "Indian Government and Politics‟ Kalyani Publishers, 2010.
[5] Photos of tea gardens-source-internet

Abstract: This study looked at the operational challenges to smallholder dairy farming. Focus in this study was specifically on Mayfield Small Scale Dairy Settlement Scheme in Chipinge District of Zimbabwe. The study made use of interviews, questionnaires, observations and project reports in collecting both qualitative and quantitative research data. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to a sample of 75 farmers randomly selected from a total population of 345 family farmers on the dairy settlement scheme. In addition, 24 key informants were conveniently sampled for interviews from among the scheme's management, farmer committee leaders and extension staff. The study noted that while dairy operations at the settlement scheme managed to yield notable benefits to the farmers, there were a number of operational challenges working against full commercialization of production at the scheme. These problems bordered on lack of access to capital, poor production and marketing infrastructure,

[1]. Agyeman, K. & Nkonjera, L. P.(2002). "An evaluation of the productivity of cross bred dairy cattle on smallholder and government farms in Southern Africa‟ in ILCA Research Report No.12. ILCA, Addis Ababa.
[2]. Ajayi, H (2010). "Towards a Production Function for Dairy Farms‟ in The Farm Economist, Vol 111. No. 1. The Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Oxford.
[3]. Archibald, P (2009). Production Functions for Dairy Farming and Their Applications, The Agricultural Institute, Oxford.
[4]. ARDA (1989). Mayfield Dairy Settlement Scheme: Annual Progress Report for November 1988 – October 1989.
[5]. Arusei, N (2012). "Building the political case for agro-industries and agribusiness in developing countries", World Development 31(11): 1809-1827.
[6]. Bassett, T(1994). The economic impact of public policy on smallholder farmers in and around Cote d'vure, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Abstract: This review of literature examines pertinent information concerning the participation of women entrepreneurs, specifically in northern Nigeria. While much has been published about social factors and how those impact the lives of these women, the implications of how such factors affect their earning power had to be inferred. Longstanding cultural attitudes of a male-dominated society coupled with massive poverty have obviously exacerbated the problem, but further investigation of these issues may reveal Nigerian women's long-term potential as entrepreneurs.

1]. A blow against impunity. (2010). African Confidential. Retrieved from http://publiceyesite.org/pipermail/jambo_publiceyesite.org/attachments/20100407/766bff31/attachment-0001.pdf
[2]. Adeoye, A. (2010). Nigeria's 65m informal workers deserve a union, Nairobi, Kenya: African Economic Research Consortium International House. Retrieved from http://thenationonlineng.net/web3/business/3111.html
[3]. Aigbokhan, B. E. (2000). Poverty, growth and inequality in Nigeria: A case study. Washington, DC: Solidarity Center. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/idep/unpan003895.pdf
[4]. Ali, A. Y. (2006). The meaning of Holy Qur'an, Beltsville, MD: Amana Publications.

Abstract: The White Tiger is presented as an epistolary novel, written to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao by the main protagonist, Balram Halwai, a self styled entrepreneur. The novel presents a sharp contrast between India's vertiginous economic growth and its dark side through Balram, who hails from crushing rural poverty. The India that we see in the this novel is not India shining but India of half baked people who are still struggling to find a place for themselves, amidst this over dazzling campaign. The term inequality truly defines the current economic condition of India, where a vast majority lives in acute poverty and the bridge between the rich and the poor is ever increasing. This paper reveals the murky side of existing entrepreneurship in India and through Balram's journey from darkness to light it exposes the shadowy side of shining India.

[1]. Lijphart, A., Patterns of Democracy. Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six countries, New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1999
[2]. Michael Bratton; Yun-han Chu and Marta Lagos, "Who Votes? Implications for New Democracies‟, Taiwan Journal of
Democracy, July 2010, Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 107-136
[3]. Koireng, Aheibam, In the Whirlpool of Delhi Bandits Skulduggery and Insurgency: Manipur Electoral Politics. Paper presented on
two National Seminar on Emerging Electoral Trends and Violation of Human Rights: A Paradigm of Exacerbating India's
Democracy, 25 – 26 November 2011 at S. Kula Women‟s College, Nambol, Manipur
[4]. The Imphal Free Press, English local daily vernacular, 13 January 2007

Abstract: There are two universal categories of marriage partner selection restrictions referred to by anthropologists as exogamy and endogamy rules. Exogamy rules require that marriage be outside of some defined social groups while endogamy requires it be within some large group such as local communities. Exogamy tells you who should not marry and endogamy tells you who would be accepted and preferred as your life partner. Social distance is the key factor here.

[1]. Barnard, A and Burgess, T (1997) Sociology Explained. United Kingdom, Cambridge
[2]. Giddens, A (2004) Sociology, United Kingdom, Blackwell
[3]. Haeri,S (2002) No shame for the sun,USA, Syracuse University Press
[4]. Haralambos, M and Holborn, M. (2008) Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. London, Bell and Hyman
[5]. Hurd, G (1980) Human Societies. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Abstract: D.H.Lawrence's role as a writer has always been questioned by the moral critics of the society. The paper is an attempt to clarify his stand on the difficult question of sexuality and sexual relationships that he tried to answer through his novels and their characters. The study looks into some evidences found in Lawrence's writings which give a hint into his thinking about human relationships and particularly the sexual aspect, which he thought to be the ultimate medium to reach God.

Keywords: sacred union, tantra, pagan, kundalini, sacred sexuality

[1]. Lawrence, D.H. Sons and Lovers, Delhi: Kiran Books International, 2004. Print
[2]. Lawrence, D.H. The Rainbow. London: Penguin Books, 2000. Print
[3]. Lawrence, D.H. Women in Love. Great Britain: Wordsworth Classics, 1995. Print
[4]. Lawrence, D.H. The Tresspasser .London: Granada Publishing, 1982. Print

Abstract: Nias is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Nias Island located on the west part of Sumatera, Indonesia. This is a unique language but it has not been analyzed in details due to some factors such as geographical obstacles and linguistic problems. The language has both free and bound personal pronouns. The free forms are divided into two groups: the unmutated and the mutated. This study focuses on how the pronominals in the first group are used in sentences or clauses. The data were taken from short stories and other Nias writings that contain the use of unmutated forms of the personal pronouns. The data were processed by classifying them into the same types and analyzed how they are used syntactically in sentences, clauses, or within phrases, as well as their relations to other constituents.

[1] Siamir Marulafau, Morfologi verba bahasa Nias dialek Gunungsitoli, master's thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, 2004.
[2] Sopani Ndruru, Klitika bahasa Nias dialek tengah. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, 2007.
[3] Berthold Crysmann, Deriving superficial ergativity in Nias, Proc. The HPSG09 Conference. Göttingen, Germany: CSLI Publications, 2009, 15-20.
[4] Lea Brown, A grammar of Nias selatan, doctoral diss., University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2001.