IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2014

Abstract: This study has investigated various colleges and college Organizations for their Endeavour to get parents' involvement. Many studies on Parental involvement assert that when parents become involved, there is definitely a boost in academic achievement andcollege satisfaction, thereby resulting in a successful collegesetting. The study, therefore, explored ways by which colleges succeed in getting parents involved, and examined the levels of home college communication.

[1]. D.Krathwohl, Educational and social science research: An integrated approach (2nd ed.), (New York: Longman, 1997).
[2]. D. L. Morgan, Focus groups as qualitative research (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988).
[3]. S.G. Morission, Fundamentals of early childhood education, (New Delhi:Prentice- Hall of India, 1997).
[4]. J.OakesandM.Lipton,Teaching to change the world,(Boston: McGraw Hill, 1999).
[5]. www.ideastime.com
[6]. www.indianresearch.com

Abstract: This paper narrates the events of Abu Muslim al-Khurasani's inglorious life. Loved by some and feared and hated by others, Abu Muslim proved to be a man of substance, throughout his life. The paper begins with the introduction, detailing about how he came into play, during disputes with the Umayyad caliphate. It goes on to discussing conflicting views about Abu Muslim's origin, how one believes him to have come from a prestigious lineage, while the other considers him merely a slave boy, with lucky stars. Following Abu Muslim's background is a discussion of his contributions in the Abbasid propaganda, which led to a series of events, which eventually led to the worst massacre in all of Khurasan history, the end of the Umayyad caliphate and the birth of the Abbasid caliphate. The paper goes on to discussing Abu Muslim's tenure as the governor, in the Khurasan, which despite of racial and religious differences, turned out to be a good example of his role, in history. This also led to a difference of opinion with other ruling parties, including his conflict with The Abbasid. Because of this conflict, Abu Muslim made a lot of enemies, which resulted in others rebelling and propagating against him, which eventually took his life.

[1] M.A Shaaban, The Abbasid Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970).
[2] Akbar, Shah, Najeebabadi, The History of Islam. Vol II. London (Darussalam International Publication Limited, 2000).
[3] Ibn Khillikan, Wafayat al-A`yan, Vol III (Beirut: Dar al-Sadir, 1900).
[4] Daniel Elton, The Political and Social History of Khurasan Under Abbasid Rule 747-820 (Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1979).
[5] Faraq Umar, The Abbasid Caliphate 132/750-170/786 (Baghdad: Baghdad University, 1969).
[6] Sheron Moshe, Black Banners From the East: The Establishment of the Abbasid State- Incubation of a Revolt (Jerusalem: The Magness Press, 1983).
[7] Al-Maqrizi, A. A, Al-Maqrizi Book of Contention and Strife Concerning the Relations Between the Banu Umayyad and the Banu Hashim (Manchester: University of Manchester, 1980).
[8] Al-Tabari, Abu Jaafar Muhammad b. Jarir, The History of al-Tabari (Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk): Volume XXVII, The Abbasid Revolution A.D 743-750/ A.H 126-132, trans. John Alden Williams (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983).
[9] Matthew Godon, The Rise of Islam (U.S.A: Greenwood Press, 2005).
[10] G.R. Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate A.D 661-750 (London: Croom Helm, 1986).

Abstract: The right to choose for women is an important provisions contained in the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This provision embodies power for Nigerian women. This article intends to showcase the importance of the right to choose to Nigerian women. A case study was carried out in eight (8) different states in Nigeria, and the result reveals that, most people in Nigeria look up to the right to choose within CEDAW as a very important and vital provision for Nigerian women, if they are to live up to their worth as women, for within this provision, health for all women is guaranteed, economic hardship will be reduced and above all, women will have the weapon to decide for themselves.

[1]. Nigeria Demographics Profile, 2013.<http://www.indexmundi.com/nigeria/demographics_profile.html> (accessed: December 16,2013): geoba.se Nigeria. http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=NG (accessed: December 16, 2013).
[2]. geoba.se Nigeria. http://www.geoba.se/country.php?cc=NG (accessed: December 16, 2013).
[3]. Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women 1979.
[4]. CEDAW ratification by Nigeria, 1985.
[5]. S. Firestone, The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003); P. Smith, Feminist Philosophy of Law, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2009 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-law/ (accessed June15, 2012).
[6]. Article 16 of CEDAW.
[7]. Amy O. Tsui, Raegan McDonald-Mosley and Anne E. Burke, Family planning and the burden of Unintended Pregnancies, Oxford Journals Epidemiological Review 32(1), 2010, 152. http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/1/152.full (accessed June 25, 2012).
[8]. Mustapha Duze and Ismaila Mohammed, Male Knowledge, Attitudes and Family Planning Practices in Northern Nigeria, African Journal of Reproductive Health 10(3), 2006, 55. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajrh/article/viewFile/7899/13886 (accessed June 24, 2012)
[9]. Rachel Benson Gold, Recession Taking its Toll: Family Planning Safety Net Stretched Thin as Service Demand Increase, Guttmacher Policy Review, 13(1), 2010. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/13/1/gpr130810.html (accessed December 16, 2013).
[10]. A Shadow Report, CEDAW and Accountability to Gender Equality in Nigeria, 2008. http://www.ng.boell.org/web/gender-199.html (accessed: December 16, 2013); Josephine Igbinove, Nigeria is Notorious for Abandoning International Treaties- Oby Nwankwo, Vanguard Online Newspaper, September 22, 2013. http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/09/nigeria-is-notorious-for-abandoning-international-treaties-oby-nwankwo/ (accessed: December 16, 2013).

Abstract: Gujjars and Bakarwals is the third largest community in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. They constitute 8.1 percent of the total population in the state according to the census of India, 2001. Gujjars and Bakarwals population is highest in the Jammu region followed by the Valley of Kashmir. It is believed that Gujjars migrated to Jammu and Kashmir from Gujarat (via Rajasthan) and the Hazara district of North Western Frontier Province.Most probably in the 5th and 6th century A.D. at the occurrence of some serious droughts they moved out of Gujarat and crossing Rajasthan and Punjab entered the green pastures of the Siwaliks and the Himalayas. Transhumance practice is the biggest impediment for those who want to ensure formal education for their children. Frequent seasonal migration is one of the biggest hurdles in the education of Gujjar and Bakarwal community.

[1]. G. A. Grierson, GUJURI(The Language of Gujjars).
[2]. Hussain, Majid, 2006, Geography of Jammu & Kashmir State, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
[3]. Khatana, R.P. (1984) Transhumance Economy of the Gujjars and Bakarwals, Jammu and Kashmir, Ph.D. thesis submitted in the
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
[4]. Sharma, Anita, (2009), The Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir navigating through Nomadism.
[5]. Tufail, Mohd, Declining Sex Ratio in Jammu and Kashmir, Daily Excelsior,
http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/12apr02/edit.htm#5.
[6]. Wazwan is a multi-course meal in Kashmiri cuisine, the preparation of which is considered an art and a point of pride in Kashmiri
culture and identity.

Abstract: Development of basic education has seen spectacular progress in the past decades in the Asian continent. Such developments should have far-reaching implications for national development around the world. Among others, traditional cultural values of education play a crucial role in the development of education. Such cultural values, matched by appropriate policies, could become a powerful cause for national and community commitments to education. However, the notion of basic education development, as is commonly accepted in the international community, mayor may not be compatible with traditional values in the society. The further development of basic education, and the related developments in the economy, mayor may not be in total harmony with the traditional culture. There could even be situations where further developments in education and the economy may jeopardise the aspects of the culture which used to contribute favourably to education development. The fundamental theme of reform in basic education is devolution of the finance and management of basic education to local governments and local communities. The schematic model is that primary schools (Grades 1-6) are sponsored by villages", junior secondary (Grades 7-9) by townships? and senior secondary (Grades 10-12) by counties", although there have been constant debates on the degree and level of devolution, very much because of the disparity in financial capacities among local communities.

[1]. Jandhyala B.G.Tilak (2010) - Education, Society and Development
[2]. Lester D.Crow and Alice Crow (2008) - "Child Development and Adjustment"
[3]. Dr.S.Arulsamy (2011) – "Philosophical and Sociological Perspectives in Education".
[4]. S. Narayana Rao (2009) - "Counseling and Guidance"
[5]. Shashi Prabha Sharma (2008) – "Basic Principles of Education"

Abstract: It is always important that society has an idea of the direction of its creative expression and this study is meant to fill a vacuum as it is intended to supply new information on this trend of Hip-life music. This paper explores the relevance of Hip-life music in the context of poetry. The significance of the study lies in the fact that it is a whole new way of life and being the dominant literary mouthpiece of the youth of Ghana, it is at least necessary to listen to what they are saying and why they are firing so. Again the departure from the grand themes of Highlife, which is at the base of Hip-life, to the banal themes of daily existence that have been a dominant feature of the twentieth century is so marked and so significant that it is worth studying. Such a study is expected to provide answers to such questions as: What gave rise to such a dramatic change or development? What is the new direction?

[1] Aristotle (1982) Poetics, Translated by Allan H. Gilbert in Literary Criticism: Plato to Dryden. Detroit, Wayne University Press. p. 108 http://www.ghananation.com/news/
[2] Nketia, J. H. (1969) FuneralDirges of the Akan People. New York, Negro University Press.
[3] Kudjo, Franklin (2013) Peace F.M. News, Accra: Ghana.
[4] Rotimi, O.(1971)The Gods are not to Blame, Ibadan, University Press PLC.
[5] Turkson, A .A (1973) Ghanaian Wit in Songs, Accra: Ghana Publishing Corporation; 1973) pp 4-5.
[6] Sidney, P (1982) The Defence of Poesies, compiled by Alan H. Gilbert in Literary Criticism: Plato to Dryden Detroit: Wayne University Press p.414.
[7] Soyinka, W. (1963) The Loin and the Jewel, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[8] Sutherland, E.T. (1975) The Marriage of Anansewaa, United Kingdom: Longman Group Ltd.
[9] Ward, A. C. (1970) Longman Companion to Twentieth Century Literature. United Kingdom: Longman Group Ltd.
[10] www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/20th century/ Sutherland E.T. (1975)

Abstract: This paper examines the activities of National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) on poverty reduction in Bauchi State. The paper assesses the performance of these activities vis-à-vis their impact on the socio-economic lives of the beneficiaries in Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State. Data for the study was collected through questionnaire and In-depth Interviews. The information required was gathered from 210 respondents consisting of 200 beneficiaries and 10 officials of NAPEP, Bauchi state office. The respondents were selected through the use of systematic and availability sampling techniques. Data collected in the study were presented and analysed using simple frequency, percentages and cross tabulation. Chi-square was used to gauge the performance of NAPEP on poverty reduction in Bauchi State. The study revealed that the programme has impacted positively on the beneficiaries, especially in the areas of job creation, improvement in income, improvement in raising the respondents' level of education, improvement in social status, etc. It was however, observed that in spite of this performance achievement, the programme needs to do more considering the people so far reached and the amount of money invested into the programme since inception. It was observed that problems like lack of proper selection of beneficiaries, lack of commitment and dedication on the part of the beneficiaries, lack of proper monitoring and evaluation, inability or failure of the authorities concerned to properly set up some of the beneficiaries, hinder smooth execution of the programme in Bauchi State. The study concluded by recommending among other things the use of guarantors in identifying and selecting the beneficiaries with a view to ensuring that materials given to a beneficiary on placement are not disposed off unnecessarily.

[1] Ajakaiye, O. (2002). Appraising Poverty Reduction Strategies in Nigeria. Poverty Reduction Stategies in Nigeria. Kano: Mumbayya House.
[2] Aliyu, A. (2001). National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP): Completion, Implementation, Coordination and Monitoring. Abuja: NAPEP.
[3] Garba, A. (2006). Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria. Annual Conference of Zumunta Association. Minneapolis, MN.
[4] National Bureau of Statistics. (2004). Poverty Profile in Nigeria: Nigeria Living Standard Survey. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics.
[5] National Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Nigeria Poverty Profile: The Harmonised Nigeria Living Standard Survey. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics.
[6] Obadan, M. I. (1996). Poverty in Nigeria: Characterestics, Alleviation Strategies and Programmes. NCEMA Analysis Series, Vol. 2, NO. 2.
[7] Ogwumike, F. O. (2003). An Appraisal of Poverty Reduction Strategies in Nigeria . Abuja: CBN Economics and Financial Reviews, Vol. 39, NO. 4.
[8] Williams, M. a. (2003). Introduction to the Philosophy of Social Research. London: University College London Press Limited.
[9] World Bank. (1999). Nigeria: Poverty in the midst of plenty. Washington DC: World Bank Group.

Abstract: In the present day competitive world, 'cooperation' became a buzz word for the collective progress of humanity in all aspects. The advancement of science and technology on one hand changed the contours of knowledge demanding specialization in chosen field, compartmentalization in life and competition in work environs. Initially cooperation is an attribute that enables a community to live or work together. Gradually it permeated into teaching-learning process ensuring innovation, interaction and improvement in student-centric teaching approach. Endorsing the benefits of cooperative learning we experimented with cooperative learning techniques implementing them to teach English language to the undergraduate engineering students in the semi-urban locale. The observations and results impacted our teaching-learning process, increasing the scope of exploring the dynamics of Cooperative Learning.

[1]. Johnson D. W., & Johnson, R. Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: interaction Book Company. 1989.

[2]. Hamilton. "Steve Jobs and the third wave: "Jobs‟ reminds us of the limits of techno-determinism.‟ Viewed on 16 Oct 2013. Retrieved from http://www.breitbart.com/Big- Hollywood/2013/08/15/Jobs-Review-Reminds-Us-of-the-Limits-of-Techno-Determinism.

[3]. Lyman, F. "The responsive classroom discussion." In Anderson, A. S. (Ed.), Mainstreaming Digest, College Park, MD: University of Maryland College of Education. 1981.

[4]. Millis, B. J., and Cottell, P. G., Jr. Cooperative learning for higher education faculty, American Council on Education, Series on Higher Education. The Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ. 1998.

[5]. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., and Smith, K. A. Active learning: Cooperation in the collegeclassroom. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company. 1998.

[6]. Felder, R. M.; Brent, R. "Cooperative Learning,‟ Viewed on 18 Oct. 2013. Retrieved from http://uaonline.ua.pt/upload/med/med_664.pdf.

[7]. Colorado, C. "Cooperative Learning Strategies.‟ Viewed on 14 Oct 2013. Retrieved from http://www.colorincolorado.org/educators/content/cooperative/

Abstract: Parody is a work that mocks an original work by means of ironic imitation. Parody has been regarded as the most representative artistic device and as the catalysing agent of artistic experimentation, creation and innovation in the 20th century. A subset of parody is self-parody in which artists parody their own work. Simpson's play A Resounding Tinkle (1957) is a glaring instance of self-parody. His dramatic technique is phenomenally self-reflexive and self-consciously experimental; it involves parody, mockery, wit and humour. Simpson suggests that all language or behaviour is a manifestation of the ludicrous and the absurd. Absurdism implies the philosophy of insanity of the human condition, in a world devoid of meaning and significance, and detached from the pathetic and futile attempts man makes to render himself meaningful. It states that this vacuum or void is reality and that this reality must be recognized in all its nothingness and senselessness. The recognition of such a fact results in a sense of existential disillusionment which alienates man both from the world outside and from his own self. However, this sense of alienation is not the cause of anguish in Simpson. It is rather the cause of laughter, self-mockery, self-parody and even celebration. This paper is an attempt to study the representation of human condition in Simpson's play A Resounding Tinkle in the light of the dramatic devices of self-parody and self-reflexivity.

[1] C. Z. Fothergill, ―Echoes of ‗A Resounding Tinkle': N. F. Simpson Reconsidered,‖ Modern Drama, XVI, 1973, 299-306.

[2] N. F. Simpson, A Resounding Tinkle (London: Faber and Faber, 2007).

[3] John Russell Taylor, ―Presented at Court: N. F. Simpson,‖ Anger and After: A Guide to the New British Drama (London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1962).

Abstract: This paper intends to deal with menopause and how the stressful effect can be managed for a graceful old age. Menopause represents a part of adjustments a woman goes through in midlife. Even though this period ends fertility, it requires the women to stay emotionally and physically healthy. The knowledge on menopause assist counsellors, clinicians, and all those who handle women issues to plan and provide comprehensive counseling to women about managing the stress of menopause. Menopause is a natural phenomenon which occurs in all women when their finite number of ovaries follicles are depleted. It starts with premenopausal transition which is a period of change leading up to the last period. The relationship between menopause and the development of associated conditions is sometimes difficult to differentiate from age related morbidity but behaves clearer if education and consequences are handled by an emotional manager. Menopause begins silently from 40 years when estrogen level starts declining and the progesterone causes menstruation to become irregular leading to physical changes like reduction in pregnancy, reduce sex drive and mood change. All these symptoms and others could cause some distress in the victim. An emotional manager who could be a counsellor or a clinician may prescribe a healthy dieting, hormone replacement therapy and complimentary therapy. All these does not only provide the body with the required nutrients but also help to balance hormones, improve mood and brain chemistry. All these leads to graceful living. To this end, counseling women about hormonal changes that occur at menopause, its effect on these change and ways of preventing or treating conditions associated with menopauseis needed for graceful living.

[1]. British Menopause Society and Bileman's Health Concern Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy, Panay N. (May, 2013)
[2]. British Menopause Society and Women's Health Concern Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy, Panay L.A (May, 2013)
[3]. Nawaz, H and Katz D.L. American College of Preventive Cardiollogy for Women: Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy. AMJ Prev Med 2009; 17 (3): 250 – 254.
[4]. Philips, N.A. (2000). FemaleSexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and Treatment. New Zealand, University of Otego Wellington.
[5]. Schairer, C. Lubin J., Troisi R. Menopausal Estrogen – Progestin Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk. JAMA 2000; 283 (4): 485 – 491
[6]. The Canadian Consensus Conference on Menopause and Osteoporosis. Part 1: Consensus Statement Obstet J.S and Gynaecol, C. 2013: 20 (13):501 -612
[7]. Undiyaundeye, F.A (2005). Family Counseling and Sexual Adjustment in Marriage. In Ugbe (Eds) (2005). The Basics of Guidance and CounsellingObudu. Austin Printers and Publishers.
[8]. Undiyaundeye F.A (2013). Menopause in Women. Implication for Counselling. Global Advanced Research:Journal of Educational Research and Review vol. 2 (1) pp 41 – 45.
[9]. Utian W.H, Archer D.F, Bechmann, G.A; Estrogen and Progestogen Use in Post menopausal Women. July 2008 Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society. 15 (4) pt 1 584 – 602.

Abstract: Computer technology has opened wide opportunities for teachers to integrate computers in teaching-learning process. Computers greatly facilitates teaching-learning process for various curricular subjects especially language, mathematics and science. Computer technology is also being increasingly applied in non-instructional (record keeping, grade averaging, communication, etc.) and pre-instructional (developing materials, researching instructional content, etc.) uses. Various educationistshaveinterrelated computer use with constructivist, collaborative, and inquiry-based learning and also,withpedagogical change.

[1] Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S. E., &Iyamu, E. O. S. (2005). Using Information and Communication Technology in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Educational Technology & Society, 8(1), 104-112. EBSCOhost.
[2] Akif&Akdemir (2008). An Investigation of Primary School Science Teachers' Use of Computer Applications.ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED503471.
[3] Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers‟ attitudes towards information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47, 373-398.
[4] Anderson, C. (1983). Computers literacy: Changes for teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 34(5), 6-9. EBSCOhost.
[5] Angeli, C. (2005). Transforming a teacher education method course through technology: effects on preservice teachers-technology competency. Computers & Education, 45, 383–398
[6] Baylor, A., & Ritchie, D. (2002). What factors facilitate teachers skill, teacher morale, perceived student learning in technology-using classroom?. Computers & Education, 39, 395-414.
[7] Beigel, Andrew R. (1996). Developing Computer Competencies among Special Needs Educators. ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. EJ 521812.
[8] Berger, C., & Carlson, E. (1988). A model for incorporating learning theories into preservice computer training. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Outlook (pp. 32-46). New York: Special Interest Group on Computer Uses in Education of the Association for Computing Machinery. EBSCOhost. [9] Brinkerhoff, J. (2006). Effects of a long-duration, professional development academy on technology skills, computer self-efficacy, and technology integration beliefs and practices. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(1), 22-43. EBSCOhost.
[10] Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., &Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1111-1132. EBSCO host.

Abstract: This study sought to assess the Guidance and CounsellingProgrammeinMzilikazi District situatedof the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which Guidance and Counselling services prepare secondary school students to achieve social, personal and academic development and make informed career decisions compatible with their individual needs and abilities. Schools were mandated to provide and direct adolescent learners away from participating in anti-social behaviours such as drug and alcohol abuse, prostitution and irresponsible sexual behaviours such as the spread of HIV/AIDS pandemic, homosexuality, gangsterism, violence, and truancy. A descriptive survey was chosen for this study. Survey questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions and semi-interview guides were used to solicit views, perceptions and opinions on the benefits of Guidance and CounsellingProgrammes. A population of 6000 students and 150 teachers was divided into categories through stratified random sampling. One hundred students, thirty teachers and five heads of secondary schools participated in the study.

[1]. Achebe, C. (1986) The Role and responsibilities of Secondary School Principals in the School Guidance Programme. The Nigerian Journalof Guidance and Counseling 2. 1-11.
[2]. ASCA. (2012)The ASCA national model: A framework for a counselor programs (3rded)...Alexandra, VA: American School Counselor Association.
[3]. Bulus,1.(2001).Counselling Education Nigeria: The Post Presents and Future Challenges. ABU Journal of Counselling and human Development 1(1),284-299
[4]. Chireshe,R .(2012).School of Guidance and Counselling Needs Assessment In Zimbabwean Secondary Schools.14:17-24.
[5]. Denga, D.I.(2001).Guidance and Counselling In School and Non-School Settings.2nd ed. Port Harcourt Double Diamond Publications.
[6]. Egbochuku, E.O.(2012).Remedy to the Inadequate Representation of Guidance and Counselling in the National Policy of Education Berun
[7]. European Center For Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP)(2011).Working and Ageing: Guidance and Counselling for Mature Learners: Luxembourg; Publications for the European Union.
[8]. Galassi, J.P&Akos,P.(2004).Developmental Advocacy. Twenty-first century school.
[9]. Gysbers , N.C.(2004). Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling, 8, 1-14
[10]. Gysbers, N.C.7 Henderson, P . (2001). Comprehensive Guidance and CounsellingProgrammes; Arch history and a bright future Professional School Counselling. Vol 4.246-256.

Abstract: This paper discusses about trans boundary water issues between China and Kazakhstan, achievements and failures of Kazakhstan in addressing the problem to China, reasons of cross-border rivers problem, and negative consequences of unresolved problems in Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan particularly). Investigation will be on why until now there is no agreement of proper usage of Trans Boundary Rivers. The paper also tackles about some approximate solutions to this problem and future perspectives between two countries on the question of Trans Boundary Rivers.

[1] A. Ryabtsev, The Report of the Republic of Kazakstan, CAWATER info.
[2] K. Muratshina, The Irtysh River in the hydro policy of Russia, Kazakhstan and China, Russian International Affair Council, 2012.
[3] J. Watts, Pay farmers to halt irrigation to ease water crisis, Chinese adviser urges, The Guardian, 2009.
[4] A. Revsky, Faktorvody: EgoizmKitayagrozitKazahstanuekologicheskoikatastrofoi, (Water factors: Self- interests of China threatens ecological disaster of Kazakhstan), APN Kazakhstan, 2006.

[5] A. Ryabtsev, Threats to water security in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the transboundary context and possible ways to eliminate them, p.4.

[6] D.Hegai, Kazakhstan i Kitaireshaiut problem transgranichnyhrek, (Kazakhstan and China resolves transboundary water problems), Tengri News, 2013. http://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/kazahstan-i-kitay-reshat-problemu-transgranichnyih-rek-231537/.

Abstract: Building capacity of rural women and men to deal with the poverty problems has become important issue in most developing countries. This is because the issue of rural poverty is inevitable gender issue. It has been observed that most of the rural poor are women who suffer from unequal empowerment opportunity. The issue is affecting mostly women and children as growing generation. This may be due to their unsustainable source of income. The situation is what World Bank defined as "poverty the inability for women to attain a minimum standard of living". Indeed where there is poverty, there are women and children. Where women are poor, uneducated and underpowered in society, these characteristics seem to appear among the family members. This study uses descriptive and correlation research designs to compare the income level, the educational level and occupational status of both males and females among household members in the study area. The finding reveals that, there are wider gaps between males and females in all the three domains of investigation.These also indicate that, the women are lagging behind; and these issues need to be readdressed, because in the rural areas, women are the largest and the vulnerable group.Interestingly, empowerment correlation is significant (p<0.05), moderate for females and very small for males respondents.

[1] Abdullahi I. (2012), Impact of Girls Education Empowerment Programme on the Wellbeing of Katsina Rural Society Unpublished Master Thesis, University Putra Malaysia.
[2] Azad, T. and Maleki, A. (2002), Traditional and Modern Values: A Study on their Relationship, at Macro and Micro Family Levels. Journal of Nameh-yelOlumea-e Ejtimae. Vol. 30, 97-121.
[3] Batliwala, S. (1995), Education for Women's Empowerment, ASPBRE Position, Presented at fourth Conference on Women, Beijing, New Delhi, Asia South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education.
[4] Czuba, C.E, and Page, N. (1999). Empowerment: what is it? The Journal of Extension Services, 37(5):1-5.
[5] Darley W, Morgan, and Robert V. Krecie (1970) Determining Sample Size for Research Activities; Educational and Psychological Measurement University of Minnesota, Duluth.
[6] Edalati A. (2010). A Relationship between Family Values, Dominance, Marital Satisfaction, Romantic Jealousy with Female Aggression. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University Putra Malaysia.
[7] Ehzazi, S. (2004), Society Structure and Violence against Women. Journal of RafahEjtimae. 4,(14): 47-84.
[8] Gulma, A. M. & Lawal F. G. (2010). Issues and Challenges to Women Education in Nigeria: Sardauna Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 1 (2) 172-178.
[9] Harding J. (1998). Sex acts: practice of femininity and masculinity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[10] Hedayatullah Nikkah, (2010) Women Empowerment through nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) programmes. Phd thesis, University Putra Malaysia.

Abstract: It is generally accepted amongst management researchers that a sustainable competitive advantage comes from the internal qualities that are hard to imitate and Human capital is such a resource. The study sought to find out the role of talent management on competitiveness of public universities in Kenya. Stratified sampling was adopted to obtain a representative sample of the study which was made up of both the teaching and non teaching staff of the Public Universities in Kenya. A questionnaire that employed likert scale was used to collect data. Factor analysis revealed that all the 16 items used had a loading value above 0.4 as recommended hence they were all included in the analysis.The instrument was determined to be reliable since the data collected had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.942. Data analysis revealed a positive relationship R = 0.498 (p-value < 0.05) indicating a significant linear relationship between talent management and competitiveness.

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