iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2016

Abstract: Composite materials with advantage of high strength, rigidity, corrosion resistance than a normal metal material are widely used in applications such aerospace, automotive, marine requiring safety and weight reduction by continuous research and development, especially large in electromagnetic shielding areas spotlighted. In conventional electromagnetic shielding areas, where metal materials are mainly used, polymers and composite materials are drawing attention as a substitute material for it. Composites mechanical properties are changed in accordance with the stacked alignment angle, the number of stacked layers and the layered material. By laminating the carbon fiber pre-preg and the Wire Mesh the test specimens were created. The bending tests were performed and by using an S-S Curve the bending strength and bending stiffness were analyzed..........

Keywords: autoclave molding, bending test, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, wire mesh.

[1] H. S. Park, J. H. Choi, J. M. Koo, and C. S. Seok, Fatigue Damage Evaluation of Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials by using Fatigue Damage Model, Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineering, 34(6), 2010, 757-762.

[2] K. H. Im, N. S. Park, S. W. Ra, Y. N. Kim, H. Lee, J. K. Sim and I. Y. Yang, Characteristics of Low Velocity Impact Responses due to Interface Number and Stacking Sequences of CFRP Composite Plates, Journal of the Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers, 10(6), 2001, 48-56.

[3] J. H. Kim and J. H. Kim, Evaluation of Bending Characteristics for Carbon FRP Structure having Circle Cross-Section, Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers, 20(2), 2011, 202-206 .

[4] B. C. Woo, S. S. Kim and B. C. Kim, Characteristics of Fatigue Properties with Tension and Bending Loading Using High Strength Steel Wire, Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineering, 2(1), 2000, 274-279.

[5] D. G. Lee, M. Y. Jung, J. H. Choi, S. S. Jeon, S. H. Jang and J. H. Oh, Composite Materials (Seoul Hongrung Publishing Company, 2007).

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the principals' leadership practices and their influence on students' discipline management in public secondary school in Makindu Sub County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised of 20 principals, 46 teachers and 197 students who were selected by simple random sampling. Data in the study was collected using questionnaires and descriptive statistics method was used for evaluating headteachers' transformative leadership styles on teachers' job satisfaction...........

Keywords: leadership practices, discipline management, democratic form of school organization

[1]. Adams, N. (2003). Secondary school management today. London, Melbourne, Sydney, Auckland Johannesburg, Hutchinson Ltd, Clandos Place
[2]. Blandford, S. (2008). Managing Discipline in School: London-Routledge.
[3]. Garagae, K. G. (2007). The Crisis of Student Discipline in Botswana schools. An Impact of Culturally Conflicting Disciplinary Strategies. Journal of Education Research and Review. University of Botswana 80 17

Abstract: Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (USPV) test has gained considerable popularity all over the world. Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing of concrete is based on the pulse velocity method to provide information on the uniformity of concrete, cavities, cracks and defects. The pulse velocity in a material depends on its density and its elastic properties which in turn are related to the quality and the compressive strength of the concrete. It is therefore possible to obtain information about the properties of components by sonic investigations.........

Keywords: Calibration, f ck , impact energy, USPV, NDT, SD, IRLOAD

[1]. Tarun Gehlot, Dr. S.S. Sankhla, Akash Gupta, "Study of Concrete Quality Assessment of Structural Elements Using Rebound Hammer Test", AJER, Volume-5, Issue-8, pp-192-198, 2016.
[2]. IS 13311 (Part-1)-(1992). Methods of Non Destructive Testing of Concrete: Part-1: Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity.
[3]. IS 456: 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
[4]. Shetty MS (2010).Concrete Technology. S.Chand & Company, New Delhi.
[5]. RDSO Report No.BS-53: Guidelines on use of ultrasonic instruments for monitoring of concrete structures

Abstract: The research mainly focusing on the use of nanomaterials in concrete. Further researchers are continuing to improve the durability and sustainability of concrete and have realized significant increment in mechanical properties of concrete by incorporating nano-silica. The review paper summarizes the effect of nano-silica addition compressive strength on concrete. It provides the current development of application of nano-silica in paste, mortar and concrete. Finally, the future trend/potential and implication of nanosilica in cement-based materials is discussed...........

Keywords: Concrete, Nano silica, Compressive strength

[1]. Ali Nazari, Shadi Riahi, Shirin Riahi, Saydeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno.. Embedded ZrO2 nanoparticles mechanical properties monitoring in cementitious composites. Journal of American Science 6(4), 2010, 86-89.
[2]. Ali Nazari, Shadi Riahi, Shirin Riahi, Saydeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno. Improvement of the mechanical properties of the cementitious composites byusing TiO2 nanoparticles. Journal of American Science 6(4), 2010, 98-101.
[3]. Ali Nazari, Shadi Riahi, Shirin Riahi, Saydeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. KhademnoMechanical properties of cement mortar with Al2O3 nanoparticles. Journal of American Science 6(4), 2010, 94-97.
[4]. Alireza Naji Givi, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Farah Nora A. Aziz and Mohamad Amra Mohd Salleh Experimental investigation of the size effects of SiO2 nano particles on the mechanical properties of binary blended concrete. Composites: Part B 41, 2010.673-677.
[5]. G.Quercia and H.J.H.Brouwers , Application of nanosilica(nS) in concrete mixtures. 8th fib PhD symposium in Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. (2010).

Abstract: In this paper, we describe a computational homogenization methodology to study of three-dimensional cubic cells in order to estimate the effective yield surface of random porous media containing spheroidal voids. The representativity of the overall yield surface estimates is examined using cubic cells containing randomly distributed. Spherical voids are considered in the computations. The computational results are compared with some existing Gurson-type yield criteria.

Keywords: Computational homogenization; Representativity; Random porous media; Gurson-type models.

[1]. Rice, J.R., Tracey, D.M., On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 17, 201-217.
[2]. Gurson, A.L., Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: Part I - Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1977, 99, 2-15.
[3]. Tvergaard. V., Influence of voids on shear band instabilities under plane strain conditions. International Journal of Fracture 17, 1981, 389-407.
[4]. Koplik, J., Needleman, A., Void growth and coalescence in porous plastic solids. International Journal of Solids and Structures 24, 1988, 835-853.

Abstract: Metal foams are the new class of materials with their novel properties like high surface area to volume ratio, high strength to weight ratio and other thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. This study aims at investigating experimentally the pressure drop and heat transfers characteristics of four different aluminium open-cell foams namely 5, 10, 20 & 40 pores per inch (PPI) so that the generated data could be useful for the design of compact heat exchangers..........

Keywords: Surface area to volume ratio, High strength to weight ratio, Pressure drop, Heat transfer coefficient, permeability (K), inertia coefficient (f)

[1]. Simone Mancin, Claudio Zilio, Alberto Cavallini, Luisa Rossetto, "Pressure drop during air flow in aluminum foams" International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 3121-3130.
[2]. A.Bhattacharya, V.V. Calmidi, R.L. Mahajan, "Thermophysical properties of high porosity metal foams", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45(2002) 1017-1031.
[3]. N. Dukhan, Correlations for the pressure drop for flow through metal foam, Exp. Fluids 41 (2006) 665-672.
[4]. K. Boomsma, D. Poulikakos, F. Zwick, Metal foams as compact high performance heat exchangers, Journal Of Mech. Master. 35 (2003) 1161-1176.
[5]. Calmidi, V.V. and Mahajan, R.L., 2000, "Forced convection in High Porosity Metal Foams," Journal of Heat Transfer. Vol. 122, pp. 619-625.

Abstract: The objective of the present research is fabrication of bricks by the incorporation of recycled fine aggregate obtained from crushing of waste concrete and evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of bricks. The natural fine aggregate and stone dust were replaced by recycled fine aggregate at a level of 50, 75 and 100 % for fabrication of bricks. Properties like Bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength were evaluated after a period of 28 days of curing and discussed. At 50 % replacement, maximum compressive strength of 6.37 and 7.68 MPa has been observed.........

Keywords: Recycled fine aggregates, molded bricks, compressive strength, stone dust, water absorption, bulk density

[1]. Neno C, Brito, J de, Veiga R. Using fine recycled concrete aggregate for mortar production. Mat Res. 2014;17(1):168-77.
[2]. Tam WYV,Gao XF, Tam CM, Ng KM. Physio-chemical reactions in recycle aggregate concrete. J Hazard Mat 2009;16390:823-28.
[3]. RILEM Report 6. Recycling of demolished concrete and masonry, Edited by TC Hansen, E & FN Spoon, UK 1992.
[4]. Poon CS, Kou SC, Lam L. Use of recycled aggregates in molded concrete bricks and blocks. Constr Build Mat 2002;16(5):281-89.
[5]. RILEM Report 22. Sustainable raw materials-construction and demolition wastes. Edited by Ch F Hendriks, HS Pietersen, The publishing Company of RILEM, 2000.

Abstract: heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at distinctive temperatures and in thermal contact. Heat exchangers are vital engineering devices in many process industries since the efficiency and economy of the process largely depend on the performance of the heat exchangers. In present work, first concentric tube exchanger is designed and then dimple tube concentric heat exchanger is designed in solid works 2016 design software...........

Keywords: Heat Transfer, Thermal Analysis, CFD

[1]. Patel.H.S, Makadia.R.N , "A Review on Performance Evaluation and CFD Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, Indian journal of research- ISSN - 2250-1991 Volume : 2- Issue : 4 - April 2013.
[2]. Antony luki.A, Ganesan.M, "Flow Analysis and Characteristics Comparison of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Enhanced Tubes", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 16-21.
[3]. SK.M.Z.M, Saqheeb Ali, Mohan Krishna, Thermal Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by Changing the Materials Using CFD.
[4]. David J. Kukulka, Rick Smith, Kevin G Fuller "Development and evaluation of enhanced heat transfer tubes'', Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) 2141-2145.
[5]. Juin Chen a, Hans Muller Steinhagen B, Georey G. Ducy a, "Heat transfer enhancement in dimpled tubes,'' Applied Thermal Engineering 21 (2001) 535-547.

Abstract: Unsignalised intersection is one of the most common element in road network systems and is normally implemented to regulate low volume of traffic flow. Unlike a signalised intersection, it can operate without heavy investment on the equipment, operations and maintenance. Therefore, it is crucially important for an unsignalised intersection to operate at the best Level of Service (LOS) possible and the lowest possible Degree of Saturation, Control Delay and Queue Length. In this study, aaSIDRA 2.0 software package was applied in analyzing the collected data..........

Keywords: Intersection, Unsignalised, Peak Hour, Level of Service.

[1]. J.D. Chovan, L.Tijerina, J.A. Pierrowicz, and D.L. Hendricks. Examination of Unsignalized Intersection, Straight Crossing Path Crashes and Potential IVHS Countermeasures. U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Report August 1994. Available from http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/7824.pdf
[2]. R.J. Troutbeck, and W. Brilon. (1992). Unsignalized Intersection Theory. Available from http://www.tongji.edu.cn/~yangdy/its/tft/chap8.pdf
[3]. O. Arndt. Relationship Between Unsignalised Intersection Geometry and Accident Rates. PhD Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 2004.
[4]. R. Akcelik, and M. Besley. SIDRA 5 User Guide. ARRB Transport Research Ltd, 1999.
[5]. A. Polus, and E. Vlahos. (2005). Evaluation of Roundabouts versus Signalized and Unsignalized Intersections in Delaware. Available from http://sites.udel.edu/dct/files/2013/10/Rpt.-179-Roundabouts-Final-1l329b7.pdf

Abstract: The abundant heat accompanying the sunlight can be used to generate other forms of energy. Thermoelectric generator are important devices for this kind of means of harnessing the sun energy. A lot of heat are being wasted in industries that have machines that generate heat and in our homes during cooking. Thermoelectric generator is studied in this regard and a sample is designed and simulated for the purpose of utilizing this wasted energy. A temperature difference of up to 2000C is found to be generated from a 4mV
electric potential by the designed TEG.........

Keywords: Finite element method, Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), COMSOL Multiphysics, Renewable Energy.

[1]. D. M. Rowe, Handbook of Thermoelectrics. CRC press, 1995.
[2]. M. Chen, S. Member, L. A. Rosendahl, T. J. Condra, J. K. Pedersen, and S. Member, "Numerical Modeling of Thermoelectric Generators With Varing Material Properties in a Circuit Simulator," vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 112–124, 2009.
[3]. M. Chen, L. A. Rosendahl, and T. Condra, "International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer A three-dimensional numerical model of thermoelectric generators in fluid power systems," Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 54, no. 1–3, pp. 345–355, 2011.
[4]. X. Gou, H. Xiao, and S. Yang, "Modeling , experimental study and optimization on low-temperature waste heat thermoelectric generator system," Appl. Energy, vol. 87, no. 10, pp. 3131–3136, 2010.
[5]. S. B. Riffat and X. Ma, "Improving the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooling systems : a review," vol. 768, no. September 2003, pp. 753–768, 2004.

Abstract: This study aims to have an experimental investigation to check the enhancement in the properties of highly compressible or expansive clay soil reinforced with randomly oriented natural and synthetic fibers such as coir fiber and nylon tyre-cords respectively. The area chosen for investigation was village roads of Thanjavur district. Consistency limits identified were used in classification of soil as per IS standards. The Engineering properties of soil sample collected were investigated by treating it with these fibers as additives in the percentage of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. The Engineering properties includes maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio were determined in the laboratory for both soil treated with and without fibers. In addition to the optimum mix of traditional fiber the expansive clays were also treated with non-traditional Bio-enzyme stabilizer. The pavement subgrade thickness was designed based on the CBR value as per IRC recommendations.

Keywords:Bio-Enzymes, Consistency, Subgrade, Tyre cords, Unconfined Compressive strength

[1]. Abhijith, R.P, (2015) "Effect of Natural Coir fibers on CBR Strength of Soil Subgrade" Department of Civil Engineering, Marian Engineering college, Trivandrum, India.
[2]. Akbulut S, Arasan., S., and Kalkan E., "Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibers," Appl. Clay Sci., 38, 23–32 (2007).
[3]. Akshaya Kumar Sabat and Abinash Pradhan. (2014) "Fiber Reinforced- Fly Ash Stabilized Expansive Soil Mixes as Subgrade Material in Flexible Pavement", Vol. 19 [2014], pp: (5759-5770) in Bhubaneswar, India.
[4]. Deak, T. Czigany, T. Tamas, P. and Nemeth, Cs. (2010) "Enhancement of interfacial properties of basalt fiber reinforced nylon 6 matrix composites with silane coupling agents", International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development, Vol.1 (2), pp:(42-49) in Hungary.
[5]. Dharmendra Kumar., Sudhir Nigam., AbhinavNangia. and Shailendra Tiwari. (2015) "California Bearing Ratio Variations in Soil Reinforced With Natural Fibres" A Case Study Bhopal Bypass Road" in International Journal on Emerging Technologies 6(2): 95-104(2015). LNCTS Bhopal, (MP), INDIA

Abstract: Quadcopter UAV also known as quadrotor is the next form of helicopters having more dynamic stability than helicopters. They play a predominant role in different areas like surveillance, military operations, fire sensing and some important areas having many complexities. Quadcopters are unmanned aerial vehicles with ability of vertical takeoffs, landings and hovering at a desired location. This research paper addresses the design and development of an inclined arm quadcopter for mini payload and longtime endurance...........

Keywords: Inclined Arm, UAV and Quadcopter.

[1]. P. Pounds and R. Mahony, "Design principles of large quadrotors for practical applications" in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3265 –3270, May 2009
[2]. Corey Russel et al, Journal of Design and Realization of intelligent portable Aerial surveillance system 43, pp.1923-1930 (2010)
[3]. Felipe Bohorquez, Design, Analysis and Hover performance of a Rotary Wing Micro Air Vehicle, 2000.
[4]. P. Pounds, R. Mahony, and P. Corke, "Modelling and Control of a Large Quadrotor Robot," in Control Engineering Practice, vol. 18, pp. 691 – 699, 2010.

[5]. John David Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (McGraw-Hill Publication

Abstract: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic(CFRP) materials of the aircraft can absorb water, which could decrease the adhesion strength of these materials and cause their volumes to change with variation in internal stress. Therefore, it is necessary to study the changes of the characteristics in the extreme environments in order to identify the environmental impact of CFRP. In this study, we evaluated the properties of CFRP by the tensile test and bending test as specified in ASTM standard. After the fabrication of the CFRP specimen directly by using a water bath to set the environmental temperature and humidity, specimens were soaked in distilled water at 75 ℃,
for one week, two weeks and three weeks respectively. Mechanical Characteristics of CFRP were observed through Tensile test and Bending test.

Keywords: high temperature, strength reduction, temperature chamber, tensile strength

[1] H. J. Shin, The Strength Evaluation and Nondestructive Testing of Carbon Fiber Composites, Jeonju University, Republic of Korea, MA, 2013

[2] J. H. Kim, The Tensile Characteristic of Carbon and Silica Reinforced Composites Under Elevated Temperature, Journal of the Korean Society for Composite Materials, 16(3), 2003, 49-57.

[3] P. Cappa, K. McConnel and L. Zachary, A Temperature Calibration of a Temperature/Strain Transducer based on Two Strain Gauges, International Journal of the Strain, 29(4), 1993, 135-138.

[4] J. O. Lee, J. S. Lee and K. S. Cho, The Analysis of Failure Mechanism during Tensile of CFRP, Journal of the Korean Society for Composite Materials, 5(2), 1992, 11-23.

[5] S. K. Lee, S. K. Oh and K. W. Nam, A Study on the Fracture Behavior of CFRP in Tensile and Fracture Toughness Tests by Acoustic Emission, Journal of The Korea Society for Nondestructive Testing, 15(1), 1995, 277-290.

Abstract: Design and implementation of digital fuel gauge which measures the accurate level of fuel adding while fuel filling process. Now-a-days all fuel bunks having types of digital displays unit in order to display the value of fuel adding to the vehicle. But we don't know whether they adding accurate value or not. In this paper we have proposed a technique to measure the amount of fuel available in tank during static as well as dynamic condition. This system digitally displays the level of fuel inside the tank by using load sensor, flow meter and vibration sensor and these sensors are interfaced with a development board-arduino. Thus, it is an efficient system to detect the fuel volume in the fuel tank, to get instantaneous reading of fuel volume and to avoid petroleum thefts at the various petrol pumps at the time of filling of tanks.

Keywords: digital fuel gauge, load sensor, flow meter, vibration sensor, arduino.

[1]. Nitin jade, Pranjal Shrimali, Asvin Patel and Sagar Gupta, (2014). "Modified type intelligent digital fuel indicator system", IOSR-JMCE, e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X
[2]. Vinay Divakar, (2014). "Fuel gauge sensing technologies for automotive applications", IJARCET, volume 3 issue 1, January 2014.
[3]. Jaimon Chacko Varghese, Binesh Ellupurayil Balchandran. April 2013. "Low cost intelligent real time fuel mileage indicator for motorbikes", IJITEE, ISSN: 2278-3075, volume-2, issue-5.
[4]. Deep Gupta, Brajesh kr. Singh and Kuldeep Panwar, "A prototyping model for fuel level detector and optimizer", African journal of basic & applied sciences 4 (6): 226- 229, 2012 ISSN 2079-2034.
Patent
[5]. US7865317 B2, (United States of America), Jan 4 2011, system and Method for Measuring Fuel Level in Vehicle Fuel Tank.