iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2025

Abstract: Objective: This study evaluates the differential effectiveness of two lorazepam dosages (1 mg and 2 mg) on managing acute manic symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. The research focuses on the impact of these dosages on sedation, agitation, and aggression and examines the need for emergency interventions. Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted in two inpatient psychiatric facilities, involving 284 patients with bipolar disorder in acute manic phases. Participants were divided into two groups based......

Key Words: Lorazepam, bipolar disorder, manic symptoms, agitation, aggression, sedation, emergency intervention.

[1] Amore, Mario, Et Al. "Treatment Of Agitation With Lorazepam In Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review." Frontiers In Psychiatry, Vol. 12, No. 12, 22 Feb. 2021, Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpsyt.2021.628965.
[2] Faden, J., Goldberg, J. F., & Citrome, L. (2023). Improving The Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment Of Agitation Associated With Bipolar Disorder. Expert Opinion On Pharmacotherapy, 24(16), 1811-1822.
[3] Howard, P., Twycross, R., Shuster, J., Mihalyo, M., & Wilcock, A. (2014). Benzodiazepines. Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management, 47(5), 955-964.
[4] Ward, K., & Citrome, L. (2020). The Treatment Of Acute Agitation Associated With Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder: Investigational Drugs In Early Stages Of Their Clinical Development, And Their Clinical Context And Potential Place In Therapy. Expert Opinion On Investigational Drugs, 29(3), 245-257.

Abstract: Background: Cerebral aneurysms could rupture causing stroke, or compress the nearby brain surface, the cranial nerves and blood vessels. Intracranial aneurysms, primarily of the saccular or berry type, significantly contribute to non traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhages and demonstrate a rising incidence due to advances in imaging techniques. The CNS vascularization is an ascending process that accompanies the anatomical and functional maturations of its various territories. It starts at the myelencephalon and ascends sequentially through the metencephalon.........

Keywords: intra cranial aneurysm, rupture, SAH, Aneurysm Clipping, Vasospasm, Computed tomography Angiography, Risk Factors, Surgical Treatment, post op surgical complications, GOS, GCS.

[1] Brown Rd: Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. Semin Neurol. 2010, 30:537-44. 10.1055/S-0030-1268858
[2] Linn Fh, Rinkel Gj, Algra A, Van Gijn J: Incidence Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Role Of Region, Year, And Rate Of Computed Tomography: A Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 1996, 27:625-9. 10.1161/01.Str.27.4.625
[3] Seppojuvela, Kristina Poussa, Mattiporras: Factors Affecting Formation And Growth Of Intracranial Aneurysms, A Long Term Follow Up Study. Stroke 2001 Feb: 485-491.
[4] Seppojuvela, Mattiporras, Kristinapoussa: Natural History Of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Probability Of Risk And Risk Factors For Aneurysm Rupture. J Neurosurgery 2000; 93:379-387.
[5] Risk Factors For The Formation Of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms Habib E. Ellamushi, Joan P. Grieve, H. Rolf Jägerand Neil D. Kitchen.

Abstract: Introduction Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is characterized by the narrowing of spinal areas such as the central canal and lateral recess, leading to symptoms like lower extremity pain and neurogenic intermittent claudication due to compressed neural and vascular structures. Despite the clear symptoms, defining LSS through imaging and clinical criteria remains challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for identifying these anatomical changes, yet its effectiveness is questioned due to the presence of imaging-defined LSS in asymptomatic individuals.....

[1] Siebert E, Prüss H, Klingebiel R, Et Al. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Syndrome, Diagnostics And Treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2009;5:392-403.
[2] Bartynski Ws, Lin L. Lumbar Root Compression In The Lateral Recess: Mr Imaging, Conventional Myelography, And Ct Myelography Comparison With Surgical Confirmation. Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:348-360.
[3] Kitamura M, Eguchi Y, Inoue G, Et Al. A Case Of Symptomatic Extra-Foraminal Lumbosacral Stenosis ("Far-Out Syndrome") Diagnosed By Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37:E854-E857.
[4] North American Spine Society Clinical Guidelines. Iii. Definition And Natural History Of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. North American Spine Society; 2011. Available From: Https://Www.Spine.Org/Portals/0/Assets/Downloads/Researchclinicalcare/Guidelines/Lumbarstenosis.Pdf Accessed May 1, 2020.
[5] Boden Sd, Davis Do, Dina Ts, Et Al. Abnormal Magnetic-Resonance Scans Of The Lumbar Spine In Asymptomatic Subjects. A Prospective Investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:403-408.

Abstract: Introduction: The surface of the developing fetal brain undergoes significant morphological changes during fetal growth. The most characteristic feature of the forebrain is its presence of gyri and sulci on its surface and it can easily be differentiated from midbrain and hindbrain. Different major functional areas of the forebrain are demarcated by gyri and sulci. Aims: To study the development and maturation of gyri and sulci of the cerebral in human foetuses. Objective: To delineate the development of gyri and sulci and maturation of cortical lobules up to term. Material and Methods: Formalin.....

Key Words: Sulci, Gyri, Develoment, Foetus, Brain

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223-361.
[2] Sinnatamby Cs. Last's Anatomy–Regional And Applied. 12th Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2020.
[3] Afifi Ak, Bergman Ra. Functional Neuroanatomy–Text And Atlas. 2nd Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Companies; 2005.
[4] Fitzgerald Mjt, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clinical Neuroanatomy And Neuroscience. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2002.
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Abstract: Addison's disease presents with chronic and progressive fatigue, muscle weakness, lightheadedness with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss) and hypotension and hyperpigmentation with lab abnormalities such as hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with low cortisol and raised ACTH, that even after receiving cosyntropin stays low. The most common etiologies are autoimmune adrenalitis in developed countries and TB in developing countries. We present a case series of 2 different case reports with various manifestations of primary adrenal insufficiency of infectious etiology(extrapulmonary.......

Keywords: Addison's disease, extra pulmonary Tuberculosis, tuberculous adrenalitis

[1] Williams Textbook Of Endocrinology.-12thed. I Shlomomelmed [Et Al.J.P. ; Cm.
[2] Munir S, Quintanilla Rodriguez Bs, Waseem M. Addison Disease. [Updated 2024 Jan 30]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (Fl): Statpearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/Nbk441994/
[3] Kenneth L Becker. Principles And Practice Of Endocrinology And Metabolism. 3rd Ed. 2001; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 1918.
[4] Nithin Ranawaka, N.H. Welikumbura, Addison's Disease As A Primary Manifestation Of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis; A Case Report, Indian Journal Of Tuberculosis,Volume 68, Issue 3,2021,Pages 405-407,Issn 0019-5707, Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijtb.2020.08.005. (Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S0019570720301335)
[5] Kumar R, Carr P, Wassif W. Diagnostic Performance Of Morning Serum Cortisol As An Alternative To Short Synacthen Test For The Assessment Of Adrenal Reserve; A Retrospective Study. Postgrad Med J. 2022 Feb;98(1156):113-118. Doi: 10.1136/Postgradmedj-2020138514. Epub 2020 Oct 29. Pmid: 33122342..

Abstract: The study aims to assess literature examining the connection between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension (HTN), coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), infective endocarditis (IE), heart failure (HF), arterial fibrillation (AF), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and periodontitis. Periodontitis ranks as the sixth most prevalent human disease, and there appears to be a significant overlap in risk factors between these conditions, suggesting potential implications for their prevalence and treatment." Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are inflammatory conditions affecting the coronary arteries, characterized by the development of.....

[1] Aoyama N, Kure K, Minabe M, Izumi Y. Increased Heart Failure Prevalence In Patients With A High Antibody Level Against Periodontal Pathogen. Int Heart J. 2019;60(5):1142–6. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar] [Ref List]
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Nesse W, Dijkstra Pu, Abbas F, Et Al. Increased Prevalence Of Cardiovascular And Autoimmune Diseases In Periodontitis Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study. J Periodontol. 2010 Nov;81(11):1622-1628.
[3] Atilla G, Sorsa T, Rönka H, Emingil G. Matrix Metalloproteinases (Mmp-8 And−9) And Neutrophil Elastase In Gingival Crevicular Fluid Of Cyclosporin-Treated Patients. J Periodontol. (2001) 72:354–60. Doi: 10.1902/Jop.2001.72.3.354
[4] Beck Jd, Papapanou Pn, Philips Kh, Offenbacher S. Periodontal Medicine: 100 Years Of Progress. Journal Of Dental Research. 2019;98(10):1053-1062. Doi:10.1177/0022034519846113
[5] Rocca Jp, Fornaini C, Wang Z, Tan L, Merigo E. Focal Infection And Periodontitis: A Narrative Report And New Possible Approaches. Int J Microbiol. 2020 Oct 29;2020:8875612. Doi: 10.1155/2020/8875612. Pmid: 33488729; Pmcid: Pmc7803120

Abstract: Aim: To find clinical microbiological spectrum and predisposing factors of corneal ulcer in Tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in Hitech Medical and Hospital Bhubaneswar. Suspected microbial keratitis were stained with fluorescent paper strip and examined under cobalt blue light. Scraping of the edge and bases were directly inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar and Blood Agar. Plates were examined daily in 1st week then every 3rd day for next 3 weeks. Results: Maximum cases were seen in the.....

[1] Ansari Z, Miller D, Galor A. Current Thoughts In Fungal Keratitis: Diagnosis And Treatment. Curr Fungal Infect 2013;7:209-18.
[2] Wong Rl, Gangwani Ra, Yu Lw, Lai Js (2012). New Treatments For Bacterial Keratitis. J 2 Ophthalmol Id:831502.
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Abstract: Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the presence of visual damage due to ocular trauma and assess visual outcomes, and document the clinical spectrum and outcomes following ocular injuries among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in department of Ophthalmology, at Hi-Tech Medical college and hospital Bhubaneswar period from April 2023 to March 2024 in the casualty and in the Ophthalmology department were......

[1] Hauschild Vd, Schuh-Renner A, Lee T, Richardson Md, Hauret K, Jones Bh: Using Causal Energy Categories To Report The Distribution Of Injuries In An Active Population: An Approach Used By The U.S. Army. J Sci Med Sport. 2019, 22:997-1003. 10.1016/J.Jsams.2019.04.001
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[4] Misra S, Nandwani R, Gogri P, Misra N: Clinical Profile And Visual Outcome Of Ocular Injuries In A Rural Area Of Western India. Australas Med J. 2013, 6:560-4. 10.4066/Amj.2013.1876
[5] Maiya As, Dharmesh Am, Jayaram R: Clinical Profile Of Ocular Blunt Trauma In A Rural Hospital . J Clin Ophthalmol Res. 2018, 3:3-7. 10.4103/2320-3897.223566.

Abstract: The cryolipolysis technique uses selective and controlled cooling based on the principle that lipid-rich tissues are more susceptible to cold damage than surrounding water-rich tissues. Cryolipolysis stands out as a non-invasive method for body contouring without damaging subcutaneous tissue, becoming a popular treatment to non-invasively address localized fat accumulation and tone the dermis. The complications previously reported in the literature are mostly paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (HAP), but there has been a large increase in unreported injuries in recent years, with several complications such as frostbite, frostbite, panniculitis, HAP and hyperchromia post-inflammation.......

Keywords: cryoliolysis, adipose tissue, aesthetic complications, Panniculitis, adipose hyperplasia, frostbite, Frostnip

[1] Lopes-Martins, R.A.B.; Barbosa, L.V.; Sousa, M.M.B.; Lobo, A.B.; Santos, E.L.D.R.; Sá Filho, A.S.D.; Souza, M.B.; Jaime, J.C.; Silva, C.T.X.D.; Ruiz-Silva, C.; Et Al. The Effects Of Body Cold Exposure (Cryolipolysis) On Fat Mass And Plasma Cholesterol. Life 2024, 14, 1082. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Life14091082
[2] Ferraro, G.A.; Francesco, F.; Cataldo, C.; Rossano, F.; Nicoletti, G.; D'andea, F. Efeitos Sinérgicos Da Criolipólise E Ondas De Choque Para Contorno Corporal Não Invasivo. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 2012, 36, 666–679. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
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